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While sharing the Orthodox view that the Torah was divinely inspired, Conservative Judaism upholds a flexible, historically complex, position on the central question of rabbinical authority and the traditional "chain-of-tradition" narrative.

The leading theologian of Conservative Judaism, Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel, authored original, neo-mystical works about the relationship between humanity and the divine that heavily influence Conservative thinking to this day.

Conservative Judaism upholds the classical dualistic view of the early rabbis that human nature consists of conflicting good and evil impulses. However, it tends to stress moral and ethical behavior, more than Torah study and ritual, as the ideal path to vanquish evil.

While having no official doctrinal position on issues like theodicy, some alumnae of the Jewish Theological Seminary, most famously Richard Rubenstein, have developed radical post-Holocaust theology.

The only significant departure among Conservative Jews from the traditional rabbinic theology about the afterlife is a rejection of a literal belief in the notion of the "resurrection of the dead" during the Messianic era.