Pardon my French-Canadian

profanity mugI wish all newspapers had foreign correspondents. They’re such a throwback to pre-globalization, when you had to trust the eyes and ears of a lone fellow countryman in a far-off land.

Even though the Web has broken down many of the language, cultural and physical boundaries in the world, we still rely on them for their insightful analysis. And in exchange we get overly broad characterizations of complex societies. But what are you going to do?

Earlier this week Doug Struck, a Washington Post correspondent in Montreal, had a fascinating piece on Quebecois linguistics. Turns out that the terminology of choice when expressing profanity is religious:

English-speaking Canadians use profanities that would be well understood in the United States, many of them scatological or sexual terms. But the Quebecois prefer to turn to religion when they are mad. They adopt commonplace Catholic terms — and often creative permutations of them — for swearing.

In doing so, their oaths speak volumes about the history of this French province.

“When you get mad, you look for words that attack what represses you,” said Louise Lamarre, a Montreal cinematographer who must tread lightly around the language, depending on whether her films are in French or English. “In America, you are so Puritan that the swearing is mostly about sex. Here, since we were repressed so long by the church, people use religious terms.”

The story is fascinating, if you can stomach many quotes from people like Lamarre. One linguistics professor says taboo words relate to Christ, Communion wafers, vestments and elements of the altar. It all ties back to oppression from the Roman Catholic church, the article says.

The Catholic Church was overwhelmingly dominant in Quebec from early in the province’s history — England’s King George III gave the French Catholic clergy enormous power in 1774, in part to counter the growing American insurgency to the south. In the “Quiet Revolution” of the 1960s, Quebecers rebelled. They “just stopped going to church one Sunday,” as Lamarre put it.

It’s a great idea for an article, and nicely written. But for those of us who are ignorant of Quebec’s history, a bit more perspective is in order. Let’s throw in a few more sources as well. I’ve heard of the Quiet Revolution, but I could use a few quick words on what exactly is the nature of the rift between the church and the Quebecois.

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  • Dan Berger

    The first thing I noticed was that the only Quebecois clergyman quoted (Monsignor Francis Coyle) has an Irish name.

  • Achilles

    Yup. Mr Denesha always told us that if we wanted to swear like our French Canadian cousins (well, not mine, but 2/3rds of Franklin Academy was of Quebecois descent), we should say ‘tabarnac!’-in english, ‘tabernacle.’

    But it always bugs me when someone says Quebec was ‘oppressed’ by the Church. No, Quebec was the Church, and vice versa. It wasn’t an alien conquering force, it was the people. The people changed, is all.

  • Larry Rasczak

    You know I find scatological or sexual pretty inoffensive. It is crude, and depending on the company one is in rude. That being said one does not commit sacrilege when one uses an Old English word for sex as an adjective, an adverb, a past participle, or if you combine it with UP as a noun… though that too can be a past participle… or is that just a past tense of the verb form? (In the Army I was told that that was the most gramatically flexable word in the English language, and I believe it.) Some folks (like my wife) get offended, but one is not taking the Lord’s name in vain. It is an offense against manners, not the Lord.

    I can get a pretty foul mouth when properly motivated, but I would NEVER think of using tabernacle or words relate to Christ, Communion wafers, vestments and elements of the altar as swear words! That is what the Chinese call “Bad Joss”. I find that far more offensive than the words the FCC won’t let you say on T.V.

  • Mary

    Hi Dan,

    Here is a helpful link about the Irish in Quebec. Many Quebecois have Irish ancestry – the people of The Emerald Isle played a great part in the founding and establishment of Canada, including Quebec.

    http://gail25.tripod.com/que2.htm

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  • Deacon John M. Bresnahan

    Achilles is right about the Church being the people. It is up to Church leadership to convince the people it is right (when it is right). When it is wrong there have always been plenty of loyal Catholics (like St. Catherine of Siena and St. Francis of Assisi and many more) willing to say so.The Church also has had (and still does have) plenty of enemies in government and elsewhere only too willing to take advantage when the Church is wrong.
    In fact, unlike the state-with its police and military powers–the Church really only has “power” when the people are overwhelmingly on its side. And most of the time that only comes about by conversion not coercion.
    Interestingly one of the most common phrases in the MSM media is the “power” of the Church. However, the MSM media has far, far more power in its hands–even being able to preach to Catholics constantly and shape the morals and religious attitudes of the 75% of Catholics who rarely go inside a church. The media falsely and fraudulently makes itself out to be David against the Church Goliath when , in reality, it is Goliath.

  • M. Legault

    As a French-Canadian (non-Quebecois) I’m suprised this has only come to be noticed quite recently! I’m very fortunate to be fluent in English and French, and this has helped me to see the contrast in the “swear words” between the two languages. If you really stop to think about a swear word, it is used to draw attention to itself and reinforce the meaning around it. In English this is mostly scatological (as mentioned) and related to sex/genitals. In French (at least Canadian French) since the mood is much more relaxed about sex (ask people up there about Club SuperSex) thus in order to draw attention, one has to use something that would make one pause when hearing it. In such a vastly Catholic area as French Canada (even outside Quebec) church / religious terms were used, and still are. It follows the same way that using the Lord’s name in English is also a swear/taboo, it’s just more prevalent in French Canada.

    As for the recent trend of low church attendance in Quebec, well that is another matter, but the swear words have remained despite this. Since the swear words are used equally by non-religious French, and several who were in the Seminary (or altar boys), it has nothing to do with the Church oppressing them. It’s just another example of someone with an agenda, trying to rewrite history to fit their needs in promoting that agenda. The Church did more to help ensure that Quebec culture and language was preserved in English dominated Canada. [which Canada may or may not be paying for now, depending on your side of the argument ;) ]

  • Martha

    I’d love the learned professors to explain to me why it is that (some) Irish people (of a certain age) say “Ah, sugar!” instead of “Oh, sh**!” Like my mother, who in times of extreme aggravation with something recalcitrant, would say “Be sugar on it!”

    Is it because we were oppressed by the sugar beet growing industry?

    Or could it perhaps be that by using certain phrases (religious in tone) to replace swearing, those phrases themselves acquired the taboo quality and so, whilst innocent in themselves, have become shocking expletives? The way Irish people pepper conversations with “Jesus, Mary and Joseph!” upon receiving a start or a fright, and commonly use “God willing”, “God help us”, “God love him/her/it”, “Please God” and the like?

  • http://www.ecben.net Will

    Sapperment! Nom d’un nom! And I take it that Englishmen said ‘Zwounds! and Gascons stereotypically say Mordious! because they have been oppressed for so long by … God?

  • Dominic Glisinski

    Having spent my life listening to the Quebec situation in the daily news, and having studied the history of Quebec all through school including university, it is not surprising that peope have revolted against the RCC there.
    “Il faut que ca change” . The RCC controlled education at the request of government, I believe it was Rene Levesque who ended that and brought it under government oversight. With the atmosphere of the 60′s, it’s not hard to imagine a generation of teenagers suddenly “free”.
    Again the “Confederation de travailleurs catholiques du Canada” set up in 1921 by the Tachereau government was basically granting the RCC sovereignty over all trade union activity, the parish priest was the union leader. I quote:

    “The theory of the CTCC was that every union had its moderating chaplain, or aumonier, and the clerical leaders, answerable to their bishops, guaranteed harmony as well as pure doctrine”

    Henry Bourassa made this remark:

    “Our special tas, as French Canadians, is to insert into America the spirit of Christian France. It is to defend against all comers, perhaps even against France herself, our religious and national heritage [note 'national'] . This heritage does not belong to us alone. It belongs to all Catholic America. It belongs to the whole Church, and it is the basic foundation of the Church in this part of the world. It belongs to all French civilisation of which it is the refuge and fortress and anchor amid the immense sea of saxonizing Americanism”

    Quebec must have the lowest level of Church attendance in Canada, the highest levels of suicide,the whiniest politicians…

    *quotations from The Structure of Canadian History 6th edition.

  • Michele Hagerman

    Goodness! If I ever wanted proof of why the real French think the French-Canadians are barbarians, here it is!

    I’m about 1/4 French-Canadian myself…

  • c.tower

    I was born in Quebec, but raised in English Canada (I only know enough French to get the joke dialogue in Pepe Le Pew cartoons). This may explain my preference for the term “Holy S#!+”.

  • http://augustinepoodle.blogspot.com Colm

    The ‘rift’ is the same rift you’ll find in English Catholic Canada, Ireland, Spain, Russia and so forth. The Church was seen as being part of the old institutional order, and remains categorized as such. As for the ‘hostility’ toward the Church, I think that has as much to do with the poor pastoral leadership than anything else.

  • Maureen

    So the Quebecois still use the swearwords that the French have dropped.

    Biiiiiig deeeeeeeal.

    And it doesn’t have a thing to do with oppression from the Church. People everywhere cuss about what’s too important to them to talk about.

    Le duh.

  • http://analogion.blogspot.com John Peterson

    Oppression? What a trite, dumb theory.

    Also, isn’t it common in America to say “God!” or “Jesus Christ!” in exasperation?

  • Richard Fallis

    The Quebecois had their quiet revolution deciding it vital to become ‘maitre chez nous’–’masters in our own house’ with some tragic results.

    Long hobbled by a Roman Church doctrine of ‘revenge of the craddle’, twenty children to a family was not uncommon. Nor was the poverty and ignorance it bred.

    So the french in Quebec finally wised up and they stopped going to a priest ridden church that at one point used to take its cut of federal government ‘baby bonus cheques’ before giving the difference to the people for whom they were intended.

    Then in a typical ‘hurt people hurt people’ scenario the french through a series of ‘federalist’ and ‘sovereigntist’ governments (who can tell the difference?) declared a gentle linguistic genocide against anglo culture through laws intended to get back at the supposed injustices outlined in a stupid and prejudiced tome by Pierre Vallieres, in the ’60′s called White Niggers of North America.

    The result?

    Montreal–what was once the cultural and economic center of Canada is now just a Potempkin Village. Quebecers during their quiet revolution played Russian Roulette with all the chambers full and wonder at the results.

    The Montreal stock exchange is well…a laugh.

    They drove out 300 thousand Jews and anglo protestants over the course of three decades through silly language laws that included special police who took 12 inch rulers to measure signs on businesses to ensure the French was larger than the English, plus a myriad of other approaches intended to seek revenge through law.

    These days, never maintained bridges collapse and kill motorists, and there are steel catchers throughout Montreal to catch falling concrete. No money honey, and besides…who cares?

    Today a drive around Montreal is most revealing…especially at election time. Based on the lawn signs outside former factories and office buildings, the ‘A Vendre’(For Sale) and ‘A Louer’ (For Rent) parties are clearly running neck and neck.

    Quebec is today just a cultural and economic rump.

    The French are indeed masters of their own house. And their house is a dump due to decades of linguistic fascism.

    However, as the unemployment continues around its stubborn 10 percent mark the french these days have no one to blame but the ones they see in the mirror.

    Meanwhile the blackmail continues as Quebecers continue to send separatists to represent them at the federal Parliament and flip-flop between parties with a declared desire to leave Canada and parties which threaten the separatists will win unless ever more booty is paid.

    As Canada continues to bear the weight of this nonsense including an ‘officially bilingual’ public policy, its tax burden remains outrageously high to support this centralized nonsense. And as is the case of all socialist think-alike countries, its standard of living continues to fall in relation to its trading partners. Down from second to somewhere around 13th on the planet.

    Vive la difference!