God and the particles of doom

large-hadron-colliderAs we all know, and as numerous stacks of research have shown, only really stupid, illogical, fact-challenged people believe that God played some meaningful role in the creation of heaven and earth. Right?

I mean, facts are facts and journalism is all about the facts.

Still, I am happy to report that the New York Times ran an essay the other day that opened the currents of science just a bit and showed us the kind of things that linear, logical scientists think about when things go bump in the dark, or when they go bump in the light. This is especially true when things go a bit screwy inside one of the biggest, strangest, most expensive pieces of scientific machinery on this planet (or any other, as far as we know).

I am talking about the Large Hadron Collider over there near Geneva, that $9 billion-plus racetrack for protons buried deep under the border between France and Switzerland.

Strangely enough, I had a chance to visit that scientific shrine a few months ago (work linked to that “Angels & Demons” movie) and I was struck by the many, many examples of vaguely religious language that were posted all over the place. As several of the top researchers said, the more information they gather, the more they realize how much they don’t know. The mysteries keep getting bigger and bigger as they keep hunting for that infamous “God particle” that journalists love to write about.

So what’s the news these days? Well, the collider is broken — again — and inquiring minds want to know what’s up. So here is the top of Dennis Overbye’s essay, “The Collider, the Particle and a Theory About Fate.”

More than a year after an explosion of sparks, soot and frigid helium shut it down, the world’s biggest and most expensive physics experiment, known as the Large Hadron Collider, is poised to start up again. In December, if all goes well, protons will start smashing together in an underground racetrack outside Geneva in a search for forces and particles that reigned during the first trillionth of a second of the Big Bang.

Then it will be time to test one of the most bizarre and revolutionary theories in science. I’m not talking about extra dimensions of space-time, dark matter or even black holes that eat the Earth. No, I’m talking about the notion that the troubled collider is being sabotaged by its own future. A pair of otherwise distinguished physicists have suggested that the hypothesized Higgs boson, which physicists hope to produce with the collider, might be so abhorrent to nature that its creation would ripple backward through time and stop the collider before it could make one, like a time traveler who goes back in time to kill his grandfather.

That would be Holger Bech Nielsen, of Copenhagen’s Niels Bohr Institute, and Masao Ninomiya of Japan’s Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics.

And what’s the religion angle? Aliens? Angels? Time travelers?

No, think bigger.

“It must be our prediction that all Higgs producing machines shall have bad luck,” Dr. Nielsen said in an e-mail message. In an unpublished essay, Dr. Nielson said of the theory, “Well, one could even almost say that we have a model for God.” It is their guess, he went on, “that He rather hates Higgs particles, and attempts to avoid them.”

This malign influence from the future, they argue, could explain why the United States Superconducting Supercollider, also designed to find the Higgs, was canceled in 1993 after billions of dollars had already been spent, an event so unlikely that Dr. Nielsen calls it an “anti-miracle.”

Gosh, I thought fundamentalist Christians who hated science and big government, or something like that, shot that one down.

Anyway, the essay takes some interesting twists and turns, because scientists often have to meditate on the disturbing fact that strange theories turn out to be true.

But here is the quote that really haunted me. You think there’s a ghost in here?

“For those of us who believe in physics,” Einstein once wrote to a friend, “this separation between past, present and future is only an illusion.”

Belief? Well, people gotta believe in something when asking questions about creation and eternity.

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About TMatt

Terry Mattingly directs the Washington Journalism Center at the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities. He writes a weekly column for the Scripps Howard News Service.

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  • http://www.youtube.com/greenman023 malcolm

    The idea that time or some future event is sabotaging the LHC if viewed correctly is not as bizarre as it first sounds. What or at least what I interpret the two eminent scientists are proposing is that space is not the only thing that expands but, as Einstein rightly hypothesised, time and space are relative. We live and appear to experience constant linear time, a minute today will be as long as a minute was yesterday and the same length tomorrow; but what if that isn’t the case? What if time similarly expands? We should also note that the expansion of space is not in anyway like the dots on an expanding balloon that is the classic classroom example. This model fails because the balloon is expanding into the classroom whereas our universe is not expanding into anything but itself. It is more a case of the measured distance between two points becoming greater due to complexity rather than too expansion. A better way to visualise this is as fractures or kinks, rather like a meandering river gaining length as the bends and contours become more accentuated over time. As the river represents space so traversing it becomes longer as the bends become more pronounced.

    And just as the mountain and sea remain the same distance apart to an observer in an aircraft so an observer outside our universe would observe the same size object today as would have been observed immediately following the first appearance of the universe, the observer would see no difference in ‘size’ just as an observer of our river example would see the distance from the mountain source to the sea delta also remaining constant over time. The change however occurs within the river, it meanders, thus its length grows whilst its source and destination remain constant. For our universe this meandering is experienced as increasing complexity.

    Time in this sense is rather like the flow rate of the river, when it was straight the flow was fast but as it becomes more convoluted so its flow is reduced but as the only means of measure we have is the flow itself it appears to remain constant, giving the illusion that time ticks to a constant rhythm.

    What these scientists are proposing is that the convolutions could become so accentuated that they could double back on themselves, in fact this is not actually impossible even for a river, I myself have actually witnessed and have film of a river flowing against itself, flowing literally upstream!

    But with the LHC the effect is to cause time and space to double back on itself, to accentuate the meanders so much that they loop, rather like the oxbow lakes of a river crossing a flat plain, so that a future event, a point further down the flow, bends to the point that it meets itself in the past, or upstream; thus causing the future, or a small part of it to meet its own past….

    It may well transpire that as we get a better understanding of how time expands that will similarly rationalise Genesis, a 7 day event as it was experienced, with what we now visualize as an event having occurred over some 13 billion years. Nothing more than changes in flow as a consequence of evolving complexity.

  • Jerry

    Terry, I took that comment as classically tongue-in-cheek so I would not over-analyze it. However it is true that there is “magical thinking” amongst scientists such as Murphy’s Laws and Clarke’s Third Law, “any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic”.

  • Martha

    tmatt, I think this is more an example of physicists having a sense of humour and not taking themselves too seriously, which some biologists *coughDawkinsMyerscough* could emulate :-)

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  • http://malcolm.mcewen.googlepages.com/ malcolm

    further to my last post…..

    Similarly one could ask why should nature find the Higgs Boson so abhorrent? What is it about this theorized but elusive particle that nature so despises? It should go without saying that the Higgs Boson is rather like life on Mars or elsewhere in the Universe a concept based on our current level or rather lack of, understanding. The theory is based on too principle assumptions, the first is that our models and past methods are both representative and true (the case for life elsewhere in the universe is believed to be a statistical certainty, yet we are devoid of any evidence whatsoever) and the second is that the universe is quantifiable and possible to understand in it’s entirety. However if history has taught us anything it is that most leaps forward are inevitably as a consequence of having first jumped in all the wrong directions until we are left with only the one possibility that remains and whilst there are exception, Einstein’s work being a prime example, such exceptions do not arise out of the standard scientific method. Einstein theorized relativity, he did not formulate a hypothesis and then test it; if he had then he would have based his hypothesis on what was understood and believed to have been true at the time and relativity as a theory would not now exist.

    When we similarly look at the idea that the universe is quantifiable, that it can be understood in it’s entirety and thus as an experiment it can be repeated (this being one of the rigour tests of any theory; that it is repeatable) we find that unlike understanding the mechanisms within the universe, the universe itself is an anomaly; a one of event. What science generally argues is that once one has quantified all the components, that’s the bits that make up the universe that when correctly arrange these components reveal the whole picture; a bit lie a assembling a jigsaw puzzle. However any idea that we currently understand all the components is easy to blow out the water, for one component, one all of us are intimately associated with baffles us completely: ourselves.

    Not one of us actually understands or can accurately predict our own behaviour and without knowing this component, chiefly the human mind, we can never hope to understand the near infinite variations and complexities of the components that are not us and make up the rest of the universe. Until one can completely quantify oneself then quantifying that which is not self will always elude us.

  • http://fallibilismandfaith.blogspot.com JD

    If biologists had their textbooks messed with as rarely as physicists, I’m sure they’d be friendlier. For every action there’s a reaction.

  • http://goodintentionsblog.com Bob Smietana

    JD:
    Physicists and God have had more time to work on their relationship. It’s only been 150 years since the Origin of Species came out — give it 200 more years, and biologist and God will be having a love fest.

  • Tregonsee

    This reminds me of a tongue-in-cheek science fiction story about time travel decades ago. The idea was that the laws of physics allow time travel, but “The Universe” does not. In the story, several dead civilizations had been found, each with records that they were about to build a working time machine. Each was destroyed by some natural cause or invasion. The current civilization was going to leak the secret of a time machine to their enemies, and let “The Universe” take care of them. ;)

  • http://fallibilismandfaith.blogspot.com JD

    Bob – I don’t think it there is hope that it will get better as time goes by. Physics is inherently less contentious, deism for instance fits snugly with physics. The trouble always starts when human origins, human nature, and ultimately morality are touched. Evolutionary biology can’t stop doing that.

  • Bram

    JD,

    If theologians had their textbooks messed with by (some) biologists as rarely as physicists do, I’m sure theologians would be as friendly toward biologists as physicists are.

    In any case, theologians are already as friendly to (most) biologists as they are to physicists and to everyone else — i.e. pretty doggone friendly.

    Would that (some) biologists would reciprocate.

    But then, the *golden* rule is clearly not (some) biologists’ rule!

    ; )

  • Stoo

    Thing is, when Physicists start throwing aroudn terms like god it’s sometimes a bit tongue in cheek and sometimes a label put on a vague sense of wonder at the the crazy epic things going on in the natural world, that we still scratch our head over like the curious apes we are.

    ie don’t take that as approval for the personal gods of Religion. When people ask questions like “did God play some meaningful role in the creation of heaven and earth” my usual first response is “define God”.

  • Dave

    Being trained in physics I definitely go with the “physicist sense of humor” theory. The press cannot be faulted for not keeping up with it. I once came up with a joke only I could laugh at because I didn’t know anyone with knowledge of both metallurgy and theology to appreciate (or deprecate) it.

    As several of the top researchers said, the more information they gather, the more they realize how much they don’t know.

    This has been the situation ever since the beginning of the scientific revolution: answers beget more questions. For example, we now realize more things we don’t know about the Moon than we ever considered before we started sending spacecraft to it. This post is a study in how today’s generation of physicists reacts to that perennial condition.

  • http://malcolm.mcewen.googlepages.com/ malcolm

    stoo,

    by its very definition “God” is undefinable. The ony thing in the universe that comes close to this same problem is defining self. Similarly one of the things I find quite bizarre is the number of people who dismiss the concept of ‘God’ yet put faith in a theory like the standard model that relies on the existence of a theoretical particle (the higgs boson) to support it… no higgs boson no standard model… sadly none of us are devoid of faith just some are too ignorant to realize it.

  • hoosier

    malcolm,

    “by its very definition “God” is undefinable.” This cannot be. If it is undefinable by defintion, there must be some definition from which you are working, which would mean that god isn’t undefinable. If there’s a definition for god, god is not undefinable.

  • Jeff

    This Overbye article in the Times kind of annoyed folks over here at CERN, partially because Overbye can usually be relied on to appropriately ignore fringe science. Yes, the scientists are from well-respected institutes but the theory itself is unpublished, untestable nonsense as far as any of us can tell.

    As for the religious elements, I think this article as actually a case of an anti-”religion ghost”. Instead of a story with unrecognized or undiscussed religious or spiritual content, here we have a case of rather explicitly spiritual language that in fact points to nothing more than everyday science (at best) or a publicity grab by a couple of scientists who should know better.

  • http://malcolm.mcewen.googlepages.com/ malcolm

    the article wasn’t restricted to the times but made it into virtually every media stream accross the globe. As to calling it ‘fringe’ I find that rather a little lame, just as oaks begin as acorns so all theories begin as fringe, even quantum physics was once a fringe science and Big Bang, a term coined by Hoyle to belittle the cosmic egg theory of a Belgian Jeuit priest, was once fringe. As regards testability how do you at Cern propose testing anything that maybe discovered by the LHC without another LHC to test it? Without corroboration are we to dismiss Cern on the same grounds? And with respect to the accusation of publicity seeking by the scientists concerned is not CERN one of the great publicity seekers, employing tom hanks for the restart, the fanfare that preceeded the commencement of operations last sept and the reportings in the press of how CERN is itself locked in a race with fermilab to discover the Higgs? are you not each seeking to be the first to hunt down the Higgs in the name of prestige? Science is not a competition but the pursuit of truth and that can only be found through an open inquisitorial rather than an adversarial approach.

  • Dave

    malcolm, quantum theory and the Big Bang made predictions that experiments or observations might prove true or false. That is the nature of the scientific method. These notional speculations do not point to well-formed experiments to test them out; they are scientifically stillborn and any who continue to pursue them will be indulging in fringe science.

    Perhaps science was once non-competitive when it was the pastime of upper-class gentlemen who could fund their own investigations. Now it depends on outside funding and there certainly is competition. For example, since the Sixties there has been competition between the space program and the rest of Big Science, and within the space program between missions with crews and missions with robots.

  • Jerry

    “define God”.

    My favorite answer to this conundrum is Landinsky’s Hafiz rendering:


    I have a thousand brilliant lies
    For the question:
    What is God?
    If you think that the Truth can be known
    From words,
    If you think that the Sun and the Ocean
    Can pass through that tiny opening
    Called the mouth,
    O someone should start laughing!
    Someone should start wildly Laughing—
    Now!

  • http://www.youtube.com/greenman023 malcolm

    Dave…

    Lets just say I’ve been through this argument more times than I care to remember so I’ll be curt. You state “ quantum theory and the Big Bang made predictions that experiments or observations might prove true or false.”

    Quantum theory was born in the 1920’s as was the ‘exploding cosmic egg’ theory that you better know as big bang. In the quantum physics field many researchers got ahead of themselves and begun to formulate hypothesis based on limited and indirect data; a good a well constructed argument was proposed by Bridgeman in his book the logic of modern physics and through which he gave a warning that in doing this we risked ‘prejudicing the future’. As we are now 80 years on I refer to this as the prejudice of the past. If you want to explore and understand the argument further then I suggest you do some research (much of Brigdemans work is available on line.. try google) because I wont be copying it here. So whilst you note that the theories may be true or false you as many in this field have, particularly in the absence of methods to test them, accepted them as ‘true’. Similarly the methods by which science is taught ensures that all current researchers largely accept these theories as being correct.. failing to do so means failing your finals. It is one of the flaws of this kind of indoctrination; a point not missed by Einstein who once stated “that nothing new ever came out of a classroom”

    Big Bang was coined by Fred Hoyle in order to ridicule the theory of the Jesuit priest George Le Maitre (1927) who proposed that God created the universe in a great explosion. As a Jesuit priest a belief in God is I would aver rather fundamental.. thus big bang is not an alternative hypothesis to creation but an attempt to understand the mechanism by which it occurred. Fred Hoyle at the time was an atheist but later had a realisation and revised his views. When Edwin Hubble (1929) observed the red shift it gave rise to the idea that the universe was expanding and, if one extrapolated backwards, one could arrive at a point where the universe was but the size of a proton, so added weight to Le Maitres theory. The fact that the universe had nothing to expand into was not identified until later but still children are taught this theory using the balloon exercise I referred to in my earlier post. It is a complete an utterly false analogy and if you are a physicist and don’t realise this then frankly you are intellectually lacking. Similarly because you were taught it as such a young age it has prejudiced your thinking and as an adult you have failed to free yourself from such prejudice. Its much more a process of increasing complexity, what I refer to as a ‘fracturing process’ I give a far better understanding of this process in the youtube videos that can be accessed via the link that is my name (the lesson of the lights and aum to allah; both have playlists).

    As regards competition, it is a human trait. Confucius once noted that the wise man competes only in sport. Science itself should not be competitive and when it is it lead to individuals deliberately attempted to pervert the course of understanding. Again I’m not the first to identify this and as you point out the big shift came in the 60’s, a good and still very relevant book on this is Brian Fords nonscience (1971). CERN, which is funded by more countries that I care to list is supposed to be an attempt to prevent this competition; but given its race with fermilab it has sadly failed completely in this objective. When it comes to competing for funding the big winner of them all is defence research, sometimes loosely disguised as space research as was the case with Reagan’s star wars program.

    Anyway we are digressing considerably from the article that these comments are meant to be in relation too. So I take issue with the comment that Nielsen and Ninomiya are practical jokers that have put forward a theory in order to have a laugh. Perhaps they are both coming up to retirement and so have no worries about the integrity of their careers and similarly are happy with the contributions they have made being relegated to ‘papers you don’t quote’. They have or will in this exercise, assuming the paper is a joke, destroyed their careers but I suspect regardless of what reputation they have for placing buckets of water over doors or banana skins in entrance halls they are not so foolish as to throw everything away just so they can declare “had ya fooled there” . Perhaps it serves your purpose to claim it an early or late April fools but I fail to see how two eminent scientists stand to gain anything but the destruction of their life’s work. They can, if one approaches this logically, be saying only what they genuinely believe to be a real possibility.

  • Dave

    malcolm, I’m glad you decided to be curt. I’d've hated to wade through a long post. ;-)

    What you’ve demonstrated about the development of quantum theory is that science is messy before it becomes neat. The current state of Higgs research merely recapitulates that.

    No account of the Big Bang theory is complete without mention of general relativity, which puts a framework on the ideas so they can evolve beyond the original inspiration. Yes, children are taught about dots on a balloon; adults are taught general relativity.

    I’ve known enough physicists to have no comment on what this pair could “only” be expressing.

  • Peter Martel

    True physicists may or may not believe in God, but they certainly believe in the power of physics.
    Physics is the one science that is truly rational.
    “There’s physics and then there’s stamp collecting” a famous physicist once said. (Rutherford)

    Peter Martel,
    (author of “Memoirs of a Hayseed Physicist”)

    (Even hayseeds can become physicists if they learn how physics works. They don’t necessarily have to believe in God)

  • l. piec

    I’ve been reading about the USA version of CERN, Fermilab in Batavia, IL. A whole complete Illinois town became extinct just so Fermilab could have a place to ‘live.’ The lab grazes bison (like from the plains of old) to symbolize pioneers of physics.
    Well, the US Dept of Energy just recently approved money to
    run Fermilab’s experiments that would be similar to that of CERN. It is kind of a race who will find evidence of the Higgs boson particle. Fermilab is a much smaller lab to that of CERN, yet more productive because it is older, and therefore has had more opportunity to produce results. Well, I guess, the Fermilab will try for the Higgs boson in February 2010, two months after the CERN’s second attempt. To my knowledge the two labs are not working together on this discovery attempt.
    I find it interesting that the Fermilab found another “omega” particle, among all the alphas, just recently and then was able to complete the table of elements …more for high school Juniors to learn.
    The Higgs boson gets it’s name “God’s Particle” from a Nobel guy, Leon Lederman, who wrote a book about it. He said, “This boson is so central to the state of physics today, so crucial to our final understanding of the structure of matter, yet so elusive, that I have given it a nickname: the God Particle. Why God Particle? Two reasons. One, the publisher wouldn’t let us call it the Goddam Particle, though that might be a more appropriate title, given its villainous nature and the expense it is causing. And two, there is a connection, of sorts, to another book, a much older one… Lederman talks of Genesis 11:1-9.
    The Higgs boson makes intangibles tangible …evidently. If it does not exist, then through all that we know about the universe into the g can.

  • http://www.youtube.com/greenman023 malcolm

    Peter, not totally convinced that an abstract concept can itself be called rational, I would aver that rationality is an attribute of reason that manifests in action. The statement you attribute to Rutherford, himself a Nobel prize winner for chemistry (sorry stamp collecting) being a prime example of an irrational and frankly arrogant statement and as a species we have likely gained more from the contributions of chemists, microbiologist and agronomist than we have and ever will from particle physicists and cosmologists. The LHC is a prime example of a failure to demonstrate any practical gain to humanity… seems rather irrational to me at least to pursue something as expensive and energy consuming as the LHC for which no benefits have been postulated.

  • Stoo

    On the other hand physics has given you the computer you used to write that little complaint.

    Some research is into stuff we won’t be making $$$ from in the near future, sure. But that’s cos we’re looking at the first principles like “how does matter work” or “what shape is the universe”. Which are pretty much the most fundamental questions. I mean nothing in chemistry or biology would happen the way it does if not for the laws of phyics. Which is where the Stamp Collecting jibe comes in, although I’d agree it’s a pretty snarky way of putting it.

    I’d like to think we can harness these principles someday. And if some the process has to start somewhere.

  • http://www.youtube.com/greenman023 malcolm

    at the risk of getting stuck in symantics the word physics as it applies in the current context is largely bound by particle and cosmological sciences. Sure you could claim that physics is how I am currently communicating and physics is operating even when I use more traditional forms of communication such as speech. So whilst you cannot divorce it completely from existence (everything is bound by Newtons laws) you can’t if you want a discussion to progress use it as a catchall. And true there is research performed for which there is no obvious or identifiable benefit outside the research itself; but then that research doesnt have a $10 billion price tag nor are there significant concerns about the dangers of that research. In this respect the LHC is unique and regardless of what you determine the possible chances of the LHC actually damaging the universe when weighed against the gains (zero) it fails any logical risk analysis

  • Dave

    malcolm, the possible gains from the LHC aren’t zero; they are vanishingly small, just as are the possible dangers of the LHC. So LHC doesn’t fail a logical analysis; the analysis itself fails, being unable to discern which vanishingly small probability is the larger.

    Cost/benefit analysis is, of course, another kettle of bosons. ;-)

  • Stoo

    It’s ok, I don’t think the LHC will punch a wormhole through to the dungeon dimensions.

  • http://www.youtube.com/greenman023 malcolm

    I don’t think it will “punch a wormhole through to the dungeon dimensions” either stoo… so at least we are in agreement there but I do believe that at it’s operational speeds it will have a very adverse effect of the integrity of ALL matter… we may however be fortunate, given that the intention is to initially run the LHC at reduced power, athough this precaution is sadly not being implimented to protect ‘the Universe’ but the machine itself. However second guessing the outcome is rather like predicting the winner of the league… either may be right or both may be wrong.. and this is one of those rare occasions where being wrong is a position I would very much prefer to find myself in.

  • http://www.youtube.com/greenman023 malcolm

    I posted this in another thread but thought it might be of interest here…

    at the end of your article you correctly identify the principle flaw with CERN’s safety reports: none of the scientists involved are independent of their beliefs, faith and total reliance on the maths at CERN being correct less they fail to justify their own work and careers.

    It’s not just a case of commissioning a report into a project to determine whether the project satisfies acceptable safety parameters that have been determined through historically gained knowledge and experiences, (for example the commissioning of a nuclear power plant), but whether the science and mathematics that underpins it is itself valid: thus it brings into question not the project itself but the mathematical reasoning behind it.

    Under such conditions a report that was to give credence to the fears and dangers would similarly question the validity of the standard model and undermine the very foundations of the whole field of particle physics: thus for an ‘Expert’ to determine that CERN was wrong the expert would similarly determine that he/she was also wrong…and confine particle physics to the same draw that the fields of flat Earth and geocentric astronomy now reside in. Clearly such career suicide is highly unlikely.

    Furthermore the claim that these types of collisions take place in space all the time is false. Sure collisions take place, collisions take place all the time and not just in space: but the collisions planned at CERN are unique, they will not occur under any currently existing environmental conditions found anywhere in the Universe.

    The collisions will occur in an environment kept at temperatures lower than that found in the most empty and vacuous place in the Universe; this is considerably warmer than the temperatures of our outer atmosphere: where these collisions are claimed to be observed. In a sense it is like claiming the physics associated with the properties of a gas (i.e water vapour) are similarly valid for the properties of a solid (i.e. ice). Furthermore this temperature; absolute zero, is known to afford some unique properties to materials; in particular metals become super conductors with no loss in energy, thus allowing the high intensity magnets which clad the main chamber to operate and offset, effectively cancel the gravitational, electromagnetic and nuclear forces that would ordinarily act on these protons. Even in the most empty and vacuous part of space a particle is still above this temp and under the influence of the gravitational forces of the universe and whilst these may be minute, from a relative perspective: the gravitational influence of two protons to each other (0/0) to a proton and the Universe (0/0+); this difference is infinitely greater and yields the following relative differences:

    Gravitational influence of PP = 0/0 . therefore relative difference = 0
    Gravitational influence of PU = 0/0+ . therefore relative difference = 1

    The conditions under which the collisions at CERN will take place have a relative value of (0) compared to the relative value of the collisions that may occur in space (1); thus when compared to each other the relative difference between the LHC’s conditions and natural conditions is 0/1. There is absolutely no comparison. The conditions are so unique as to have never occurred previously or to have only ever occurred once, when the universe consisted of nothing but two.

    It is a bit like comparing the collision of two super tankers on the high seas with the collision of two similar sized meteorites in our atmosphere or one with our planet. The former may cause a localised environmental incident whereas the latter would result in an explosion, one so great that the destruction of all life on this planet would be the inevitable consequence. Remember it is the conditions under which a collision takes place rather than the collision itself that determines the outcome.

    Given such it is clear that we cannot rely on reports which are produced by people who have a vested interest in the outcome and conclusions and similarly bases its claims on atmospheric collisions which occur under completely different environmental conditions.

  • http://www.youtube.com/greenman023 malcolm

    there have been a couple of interesting comments added to the blog I refer to above….. here’s the link for those that are interested
    God Machine