The Holy Right: Unpacking the Mystery of Relics

Yesterday I talked about St. Stephen of Hungary—but how did I forget to tell you THIS part of the story?!

During his lifetime, good King Stephen, first Christian king of the Hungarians, had offered the Hungarian people to the Blessed Virgin Mary.  As he lie on his deathbed—his right hand holding high the Holy Crown—Stephen prayed, asking Our Lady to be the Queen of the Hungarians. 

As part of the investigation leading up to the canonization of St. Stephen, first Christian king of Hungary, his body was exhumed.  While most of the body had decayed, his right hand and arm remained incorrupt. 

Here’s where the story gets really odd:  The incorrupt arm was cut up and divided among European royalty, but the “Holy Right,” Stephen’s right fist, was kept by the Hungarians and placed in the town of “Szent Jobb” (Holy Right), which was built in Transylvania specifically for the purpose of honoring Stephen’s hand.  Later, when Szent Jobb (and all of Transylvania) was annexed by Romania, the Holy Right was transferred to the Basilica of King Saint Stephen in Budapest, where it is kept today. 

On the Feast of St. Stephen (August 20) each year, the first King of Hungary is remembered and the Holy Right is carried in procession through the town. 

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So Why Do Catholics Venerate Relics?

Relics are one of the odd realities of Catholic piety.  Many Protestants object to the idea of venerating relics of saints; isn’t this just petty superstition?

Actually, no.

First, a clarification:  The Catholic Church does not ascribe any “magical power” to relics.  There is nothing in the relic itself—whether a bone of the apostle Peter, or a piece of a garment, or water from Lourdes—that has any curative ability.  Only God can cure.  However, Catholics believe that relics may be a help, that God may work through a relic to heal the sick or work a miracle. 

And just why does the Church make this claim?  Because as in all things, the Church follows the Scriptures.

Remember, in the Book of Kings, that God worked a miracle, when touching the bones of Elisha brought a dead man to life: 

“So Elisha died, and they buried him. Now bands of Moabites used to invade the land in the spring of the year.  And as a man was being buried, lo, a marauding band was seen and the man was cast into the grave of Elisha; and as soon as the man touched the bones of Elisha, he revived, and stood on his feet” (2 Kgs. 13:20-21).

In another example from the New Testament (Matthew 9:20-22), the woman with the hemorrhage was cured by simply touching the hem of Christ’s garment. 

In the Acts of the Apostles, the sick were healed when Peter’s shadow passed over them (Acts 5:14-16). 

And do you remember the handkerchiefs or aprons which the apostle Paul had touched?

“And God did extraordinary miracles by the hands of Paul, so that handkerchiefs or aprons were carried away from his body to the sick, and diseases left them and the evil spirits came out of them” (Acts 19:11-12).

The evangelical preacher Billy Graham adopted Paul’s custom—by sending his supporters “prayer handkerchiefs” over which he had prayed. 

So if you reject the idea of using relics in Christian prayer, then you really should reject all of these examples from Scripture, as well.  In fact, you should wonder why in the world Mary Magdalen and the women should ever have sought to anoint the Body of Christ, after His death by crucifixion.  Their respect for the body of a deceased person is no different from that of the people of Hungary, joyful in their prayerful respect for St. Stephen (and his Holy Right).

Saint Sylvester in Capite – A Busy Place Today!

But when Herod’s birthday came, the daughter of Herodias danced before them and pleased Herod, so much that he promised with an oath to give her whatever she asked. Having been prompted by her mother, she said, “Give me here on a platter the head of John the Baptist.”  Although he was grieved, the king commanded it to be given because of his oaths, and because of his dinner guests.  He sent and had John beheaded in the prison.

–Matthew 14:6-10

The Church of Saint Sylvester in Capite (San Silvestro, in Italian), built in the eighth century by Pope Paul I and Pope Stephen III, sits atop the ruins of a temple to Apollo.  It was constructed as a shrine for relics of the saints and martyrs buried in the Catacombs and is, in fact, named after its most famous relic:  the head of John the Baptist.

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We know from the scriptures that Elizabeth, older cousin of Mary, was about six months pregnant when Mary traveled from Nazareth to visit her, and to help her during the last months of pregnancy.  So it is that the Church chooses this day, six months before the birth of Christ, to celebrate the birth of his cousin John.

On this day, pilgrims stream through the Church of Saint Sylvester, bringing flowers and prayers for this saint who played at Mary’s knee, who fasted on locusts in the desert, who baptized Jesus in the Jordan, and whose head is there preserved, enshrined on red velvet and encased in plexiglass.

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One of the things that has struck me about Rome is the abundance of relics one finds, just strolling through the city.

  • Beside the Piazza Navona, where artists and street vendors ply their wares and tourists enjoy the cool mist of the Fountain of the Four Rivers, is the Church of Sant’Agnese in Agone, where the tiny skull of the young Agnes is displayed.
  • The Capuchini Bone Chapel church of Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini, contains the skeletal remains of 4,000 Capuchin friars.  The bones are nailed to the walls, fashioned into light fixtures, piled in the corners—all to remind the faithful that life is fleeting, and eternity lasts forever.
  • Santa Maria Maggiore, one of the basilicas, holds the tomb of St.  Jerome, as well as the artist Bernini.
  • I’ve stumbled upon the remains of Catherine of Siena, and there are five saints buried in the Church of Santa Susannah:  St. Susannah, St. Gabinus, St. Felicity, St. Eleutherius and St. Genesius.

The list goes on—and we’re not even talking about the crypt of St. Peter’s, where many popes lie, or the catacombs.

Rome’s great archeological treasures and antiquities remind us that people lived here long ago.  And the saints who lie in repose within the city’s walls—real people, who suffered and died for the faith—remind us of the life to come, and the pleasures which await when we join the saints in praise of Him Who made us.