Original Sin: My Intuition

The Original Sin Series
Intro-Intuition-Definition-Genesis-Jesus-Paul-Augustine-Calvin-Conclusion

Well, much to the chagrin of my biblicist commenters, I’m not going to start this series of reflections on Original Sin with the Bible, but with my own intuition.  (Don’t read too much into this.  I will get to all of the questions that many of you have posted so far.  And, to those funny, funny commenters who accuse me of starting my own religion-without-the-bible, just take a dep breath and see where we go with all of this.)

I remember some late-night dorm conversations in college in which a half-dozen of us would stay up debating the biggest ideas in the universe: the existence of God; the meaning of life; which fraternity to pledge.

One that took a great deal of our time was the question of whether human beings are Devil-and-Angel-Chicks-(Med.jpginherently good or inherently bad.  It may sound like a philosophically silly question now, but it was all-consuming to us as 18-year-olds.

Reared as a Protestant Christian, my answer was always the same: human beings are inherently bad, from birth.  This answer was based on my notion of Original Sin, taught, as I described in my last post, as a matter of biblical fact in all of my various youth group experiences (church, Bible camp, YoungLife, Teens Encounter Christ).

But, I must admit, I always felt a bit uncomfortable with my own response.  I really had nothing to base my “humans are bad” concept except what I’d been taught.  Although I was surely aware of my own sin, I didn’t really get the impression that I or anyone else was inherently evil.  In fact, my experience was the contrary: I generally felt that people are good, kind, and generous.

Since then, I’ve become more uncomfortable with the notion that people are inherently bad, prideful, etc.  I don’t deny the reality of sin.  But I do doubt that human beings are depraved from birth.

So, without quoting the Bible, what do you think?  Are human beings predisposed to good or evil?

Comment of the Day

So many great comments under Original Sin: A Depraved Idea, so I’ll just highlight Virgil’s.  Do yourself a favor and go read the others.

There is very little that is “traditional” about the doctrine of
original sin, until we get to Augustine and his revivalist Calvin to
promote the doctrine. Again, numbers do not necessarily bring validity
and objectivity to an issue, in fact the opposite is probably true.

What if instead we consider the covenantal aspect of creation, and
look at the imagery presented in the narrative? Order is created out of
chaos, life out of death, purpose out of purposeless existence. The
story is presenting Eden as the place where “God is” and the outside as
the mythical place of chaos, danger, thorns and “no God.”

In this mythical covenantal context one would be hard pressed to
show that something went physically wrong with the bodies of Adam and
Eve when they sinned; can we justify this biblically?

Could the story of the fall be illustrative of life without God,
which brings thorns, distress and pain to one’s life. The idea that the
first (original) sin brought about physical pain, and thorns is simply
unreasonable. Are we to understand that pre-sin Adam could have jumped
off a cliff and not go splash when he hit the ground; or not even feel
pain?

Original Sin: A Depraved Idea

The Original Sin Series
Intro-Intuition-Definition-Genesis-Jesus-Paul-Augustine-Calvin-Conclusion

sin.jpgWhen I was growing up in a moderate, centrist church — somewhere between mainline Christianity and evangelicalism — Original Sin was a given.  I first learned about it in youth group, and we regularly talked about it.  Actually, it’s more accurate to say that we talked about a life with Christ, and the notion of Original Sin was in the background.  It was assumed.  And I cannot remember that it was ever debated.

In other words, I assumed that the doctrine of Original Sin was a biblical notion, and that all Christians accepted it as gospel truth.  Of course, neither is true.

In college, Original Sin was also assumed by the Campus Crusaders and Navigators who ministered to me, as well as in the little bible church that I attended.  In fact, here’s a telling section from that church’s current web page on doctrine:

Man (Anthropology)

Man was created in the image of God to enjoy friendship with Him (
Genesis 1:26). Man sinned and his fellowship with God was broken (
Genesis 3). Man is now deceitful and desperately wicked (
Jeremiah 17:9).
He has the capacity for all sin and lives his life independent of his
Creator. In his natural rebellious state, his destiny is to spend
eternity totally separated from God in the lake of fire prepared for
the devil and his angels (
II Thessalonians 1:8;
Revelation 20:11-15).

But, while in college, I also took at class on the theology of Augustine from an eccentric professor, Charles Stinson, and therein I learned that the great father of Western theology was the author of the doctrine of Original Sin.  Of course, Augustine was not making it up ex novo, but was taking as his inspiration the account of creation in Genesis 3 and certain Pauline texts.

In seminary, I learned from John Thompson that John Calvin and his theological heirs reified the notion of Original Sin and that it hadn’t played much of a role in medieval and Scholastic theology.

And sometime later, I discovered that whole branches of the Christian family tree — most notably, the Orthodox Church — has never embraced Original Sin.

I have come to reject the notion of Original SinI consider it neither biblically, philosophically, nor scientifically tenable.  And I’m going to spend this week blogging about why I’ve rejected it.  I look forward to hearing your thoughts…

(HT: Richard Beck for inspiring me.)

Got Books?

Do you like to read theology? And you’ve got a blog?  Then check this out from Tripp Fuller:

I am helping to organize a series of conferences as part of a grant at school called Transforming Theology.  We will have a conference with three different groups, theologians, national denomination leaders, and seminary and divinity school deans from across the country.  Because we share the conviction that Theology Matters,
this diverse group of mainline Christians and emerging church folk,
progressive Evangelicals and old-fashioned liberals, seekers and
settled folks will gather to imagine a theological vision with
intellectual integrity for progressive Christianity that is
communicable and challenging for the church.

A huge number of America’s best theologians are
coming to the conference and as we move towards their arrival and the dialogue with the denominations we want to get the online community
involved in the discussion.  The first way is to get books by these
theologians in bloggers hands so they can begin to engage the ideas.
 
Engaging them is what we want, not just an affirmative pat on the back,
a summary, or a all out rejection, but engagement in whatever your
attention is drawn to.  Your post(s) on the book will be featured on
the Transforming Theology website and your questions and push backs
will form the background to an online component of the conference.

Let Tripp know if you’re interested!

Interfaith Heroes Month

Geez, I had no idea.  It’s actually Interfaith Heroes Month, at least according to David Crumm, late of the Detroit Free Press and now the editor of ReadTheSpirit.com.  Today he asks one of my favorite persons in the world, Sheryl Fullerton (my editor at Jossey-Bass) to reflect on inter-faith work, and she speaks of another of my favorite persons in the world, Samir Selmanovic, the convener of the amazing Faith House Manhattan.  Sheryl is currently editing Samir’s first book, and here’s her money quote:

I remember when I first opened up Samir’s proposal. His opening
statement hit me right between the eyes: “For years I’ve been talking
about three monotheistic religions to faith house manhattan.pngnonbelievers. And here is what I
hear: ‘At best, Jews, Christians, and Muslims look like three religious
stooges in a slapstick comedy. At worst, they look like three brothers
with hands clasped in prayer and soaked in blood.’ We have littered
history with incredible amounts of stupidity, injustice and suffering.
The world has simply had it with us. They are not listening anymore…
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have painted a picture of God that is
difficult to admire, much less worship….Either monotheism will die, or
evolve.”

Comment of the Day 2

Peter Rollins and Stephen Shields have begun a bit of a back-and-forth under the post, Ten Years of Emergent/ing.  Here’s Pete’s response to Stephen, and here’s hoping they’ll continue the conversation (here or elsewhere):

Hey there

Would love to chat, and I am sorry that my tone in the comments sounded so strong!

I am also aware that my own thoughts here may not be representative
of how many people who adopt the term ‘emergent’ think. However I guess
one of my projects is to develop Bonhoeffer’s ‘religionless
Christianity’ and show how it is an important source for the most
radical form of emergent thinking.

For me religionless Christianity operates without any metaphysical
guarantees. There is doubt, complexity and ambiguity throughout. And so
there can be no final foundational claim to an external source ensuring
that everything will work out well in the end (one can, of course, hope
that there is).

I do argue however that there is a type of non-foundational
foundation in faith of the type that Pascal hints at in his statement,
‘the heart has reason that reason does not know’. This I think can be
termed ‘rebirth’. But that rebirth is such an immanent event that it
does not give itself over to epistemic justification or other-worldly
guarantees. For me the story of the man born blind is a representation
of this. He says he can see but refuses to make any absolute claims
concerning the person of Jesus. To put it in another context one could
say,

‘I have been reborn, transformed, renewed by God, but then again I wonder who, what or even if God is.’

I guess I was worried that the above statement might do the same as
some types of mystical apophatic theology… namely give with one hand
(unknowing) what it takes with the other (an ultimate knowledge). This
is why Derrida ultimately found negative theology too positive.

Instead of saying ‘I am not sure God is there in my day to day life
but I know that God really is there’ (i.e. everything is ultimately
going to be o.k), I am more prone to say that Christianity allows us to
claim, ‘God is here in our midst, although I am not sure God exists’
(i.e. God is what we live here and now without guarantee that God is
‘out there’). While the former justifies faith via a metanarrative the
later lives Christianity as a meganarrative (a grounded story)

Hope that is useful.

Comment of the Day

Dan dissents regarding the post, Is Mysticism Gnostic?:

Tony writes:
“In my Monday post, I mused that the “secret knowledge” vibe expounded
by some conservative Christians opens them to the charge of gnosticism.
Some commenters mentioned that the other primary characteristic of
gnosticism is a strict, platonic dualism.”

I don’t see the first charge as being valid for conservative
Christians at all. Unless Paul’s statement that spiritual truths are
only discerned by the mind that is energized by the Holy Spirit is seen
as “secretive”. It may be true of some charismatics, but wouldn’t be
true of any of the folks I read or listen to.

The Platonic dualism might have some validity in a second-hand way.
Conservatives don’t get too involved in the arts for example. But that
has more to do with a narrow moral focus than an actual belief that
matter is evil or that knowledge is a secret mysticism. Oddly, when
conservative get involved in politics they’re told they’re too worldly
and should stick to spiritual things. We can’t win.

And “lack of interest in creation-care”… Please. One can care about creation without buying Al Gore’s magic elixir.

I’m guessing the original charge against you, Tony, is that you seem
to have a high degree of skepticism about the objective knowability of
truth. You seem to ground knowledge in the experience of the local
community to such a degree that one cannot really know much of anything
with confidence. You seem to say that knowledge is cultural and
experiential and mystical. That seems to separate knowledge from the
concrete. That seems closer to gnosticism than the conservative
thinking of a Ravi Zacharias or a Francis Schaeffer or a J.P. Moreland
or an Al Mohler.

Comment of the Day

Darren King weighs in on the post, Are Conservatives the Real Gnostics?:

Tony, I agree. And I’ve often thought about this in terms of how we
handle parts of scripture – such as the epistles of Paul. Rather than
seeing Paul as someone who, like us, was trying to make sense of new
revelation blended with old understanding – in a real-time, presentflux
kind of way, many conservative Christians – and even more specifically,
many conservative, charismatic Christians – read Paul as if he offers
some sort of pure, undiluted stream on “the spiritual world”. Now, not
only is the idea of “a spiritual world” hyper-dualistic – thus gnostic,
but so too is the idea that Paul had some kind of magical way of seeing
it all – as if he somehow bypassed the human condition and didn’t read
it all through a particular, contextually localized worldview.

Comment of the Day

Eric Glover continues the discussion of the Trinity:

First I just want to say that I’m not arguing for or against the
traditional understanding of the trinity in this post, I just merely
want to engage the applicability of the aforementioned rule, that if
“X” cant exist in the mind then “X” cannot be believed, to biblical
belief in any doctrine.

Steve previously said:

“To believe something, one must first think it; if something cannot exist in the mind, it is incapable of being believed.”

Steve, I see where you go with your argument but I don’t find it
convincing. Your telling me that as long as something can exist in my
“MIND”, that is the only way it can be believed? what does that mean
exactly? To what extent do I have to understand to believe? Can I even
really believe in God at all then? Even though “I Believe” what the
bible says about him I cannot at all conceive of where he is right now
or that he is Omnipresent, Omniscient ect. If I thought about so much
of that long enough and applied your logic then up in the air go both
my hands with the concept of God at all.

what about a new christian who has hardly any concept of who God is
in greater detail but yet they still believe? I think your definition
of what constitutes belief seems to fit better with non-biblical belief
in non-biblical items. I don’t think this same logic should be applied
to holy writ.

The Gospel is the power of God unto salvation, right? why is it that
I cannot convince a non-regenerate to believe and persevere to the end
with my “own” words of wisdom? That’s because God alone is the only one
that can truly change a heart, not me. Without the Holy Spirits
ministry in the process of salvation we would not be able to come at
all because our minds are still darkened in their understandings (Eph
4:18). I understand that the prior post wasn’t intended to be
explaining in detail salvific belief, I just don’t feel that belief in
anything biblical can be put on the same shelf with “HOW” we believe
anything else.

Steve, I fundamentally struggle with the idea that something in the
“BIBLE” has to be conceptualized intellectually before belief of it can
be true.

–More to follow–

In Christ we stand!

Are Conservatives the Real Gnostics?

More than once, my Google Reader has shot me a link to a conservative blogger who’s accused100px-Simple_crossed_circle.svg.png me of gnosticismHere’s one from a few years ago that makes that claim, and there have been several more since.

Gnosticism is a long-standing religious predilection, popular in Jesus’ day, and popular in our own as well.  While it can be its own religion, per se, it is more often manifested as a flavor within a particular religion.  Kabbalah, for instance, is a gnostic Judaism.

The primary characteristic of gnosticism is that there is a secret, mystical knowledge about something — God, humankind, the universe — that is available only to particular individuals.  In Zoroastrianism, it is available to those who good good works and stave off sadness with happiness.  In Scientology, it’s done through a process of spiritual “auditing” and walking the “bridge to total freedom.”  In Eckankar, “soul travel” opens new chapters of truth leading to further spiritual liberation.

In all cases, more “truth” is available to those who have progressed in the secret knowledge of that particular religion.

It seems to me that conservative Christians aren’t all that different.  Some say that special things happen when a person prays with glossolalia or uses the phrase “In Jesus’ Name” almost like a magical incantation.  Others say it comes via the rite of the Eucharist. Still others claim that it’s belief in a certain set of doctrines that ushers one into the special knowledge.

But orthodox Christianity has always shunned anything like gnosticism.  In the earliest days of the church, Christians were often accused of being similar to the very popular cult of Mithra, a gnostic sect of the time.  But even while Christians were being persecuted pre-Constantine, they did not hide what they knew or believed.  (E.g., contrary to popular belief, early Christians did not hide and worship in the catacombs outside of Rome.  They dug the catacombs so they could bury corpses, as opposed to cremating them, because they believed that the resurrection of the dead was just around the corner. They held their memorial meals for the dead above ground, just like everyone else of the day.) Early church fathers like Tertullian and Justin Martyr fought these accusations.

There’s nothing secret about Christianity.  There never has been.  Let’s make sure there never will be.