Horror Films and Religious Illiteracy

John Morehead has posted a brand new interview with author and academic Douglas Cowan (author of “Cyberhenge: Modern Pagans on the Internet”) concerning the interface of religion and horror films on his excellent TheoFantastique blog. In the interview Cowan discusses popular Pagan-themed films like “The Craft” and “The Wicker Man”, and how movies and other popular entertainment mediums have helped reinforce the notion of the religious “Other” as dangerous.

“In terms of new religious movements – or any religion, really – three things are significant here: a basic religious illiteracy that is pandemic in our society; the sociophobic power of the word ‘cult’; and three decades of media stigma and stereotyping that has contributed to both of these.”

While exploring these topics, Cowan mentions Stephen Prothero’s recently released book “Religious Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know-and Doesn’t” (which I’m currently reading) which posits that religious education has deteriorated to dangerous levels in our society. As a side effect, many people learn about Catholicism through films like “The Exorcist” or Wicca through “The Craft”.

“People who watch The Exorcist or The Craft – the former allegedly based on a true story, the latter which had a real Witch as a consultant on the production – cannot discern which are the ‘real bits’ and which are pure Hollywood. In The Craft, actual lines from the First Degree Initiation into Gardnerian Wicca is mixed with more sensationalized action sequences. The problem is that many people seem unable (or unwilling) to make adequate distinctions between these, and this is something filmmakers can exploit.”

I suggest reading the entire interview, which goes into quite a bit of depth on these subjects. You should also check out the first interview (part one, part two) Moorehead conducted with Cowan that covered similar ground. Douglas Cowan also has a book coming out soon entitled “Sacred Terror: Religion and Horror on the Silver Screen” that explores these subjects further. Perhaps Cowan’s work (and Moorehead’s) marks a positive step towards de-emphasizing the unhealthy “sociophobic” effects of these films on minority faiths by encouraging a more critical attitude towards religious themes exploited for popular entertainment, and advocating for better religious literacy across the board.

Avoiding Religious Lawsuits?

Harvard Law Professor Noah Feldman writes an opinion piece for the New York Times in which he proposes a solution to preventing lawsuits over accommodating religion in public schools.

“The source of the confusion is the mistaken notion that the categories “religious” and “secular” are strictly binary, like an on-off switch. It’s true that some things are inherently religious, like a prayer or a church or a Torah scroll. (It would be impossible to make heads or tails of them without reference to their religious nature.) But it’s also true that many things that are not inherently religious are not inevitably secular either: they can be infused with religious meaning through the intention of a believer. A gymnasium or a warehouse has a perfectly secular use but also can be consecrated by worshipers who invoke God’s name there for purposes of worship. Examples of what you might call “dual use,” such things can be at once secular to one person and religious to another.”

Will an emphasis on “dual use” really solve most religious-based lawsuits? It seems to me that looking back at some recent cases that involved modern Pagans in a school setting, the real problem (for us at any rate) isn’t the usual secular/Christian (or other dominant monotheism) split you usually see, but the issue of inclusion. Will a multi-purpose prayer room (or a “wellness” room as discussed in the article) trying to avoid lawsuits really open its doors to Pagan practice? If school administrators aren’t willing to be broad-minding enough to realize that “dual purpose” (or “religious speech” provisions) can’t be just secular students AND monotheists then the courts will continue to hear plenty of lawsuits over religion in school. Dual use spaces, if they are going to work in preventing lawsuits, must be completely inclusive or must not exist at all.

ADDENDUM: To further illustrate my point is an editorial from today’s Dallas Morning News, concerning the new law in Texas that “protects” religious speech in schools.

“Consider some scenarios. When a Wiccan student council president closes morning announcements each day with a prayer to the Mother Goddess, will Christian families object? What happens when the captain of the football team decides to use his pep rally speech to mock the faith of opposing players – and, potentially, the faith of some students in his own school? Under this law, the hands of school officials are tied.”

Can Christians fighting for more religion in school allow for Pagan involvement in order to keep it Constitutional? The jury (as they say) is out.

More Drama in Salem Psychic Wars

Just when you thought things had calmed down, another police report is filed in the ongoing Salem psychic wars. To briefly recap, two camps of Witches, Pagans, and psychic practitioners in the “Witch City” of Salem, Mass had been in opposition on the issue of licensing psychics. One camp wanted tight regulations that benefited long-time residents and shop-owners, while the other preferred looser restrictions that would allow for non-residents to work at “psychic fairs” (eventually a compromise measure was passed by the city). While this debate was going on in the city, two metaphysical shops had mutilated animal parts left at their doors. Several months later, the perpetrators of this malicious magical intimidation were caught and arrested.

“A woman claiming to be a Salem witch and her housemate have been charged with mutilating a dead raccoon and leaving the remains on the doorsteps of two psychic businesses. Self-proclaimed high-priestess Sharon Graham, 46, and her roommate, Fredrick Purtz, 22, both of Salem, were arrested Monday in connection with the May 27 incident. They both pleaded not guilty Wednesday morning in Salem District Court on littering and malicious destruction of property charges.”

Now the witness who came forward to give information on the two suspects has had his house ransacked.


Richard Watson

“The lead witness in Salem’s raccoon mutilation case returned home yesterday afternoon to find his apartment ransacked, with valuables – including his crystal balls – gone. Salem police are investigating the break-in at the home of Richard Watson and said yesterday they didn’t know if it was linked to the allegations against Watson’s former roommate, Sharon Graham, and an associate, Frederick Purtz … “Of course, it raises your eyebrows because it’s coincidental with the main suspect being released,” he said. “But as far as her being connected right now, I can’t answer that because the incident’s too fresh.” Watson said he doesn’t know who broke into his apartment at 100 Bridge St. “I feel that it is in retaliation, though, of me coming forward,” he said.”

Coincidence? Or revenge for going to the police? If evidence can be found linking the break-in and theft to Sharon Graham or Fredrick Purtz, the charges are going to be a lot more serious than littering. Watson has already claimed that Graham threatened him to keep quiet, and had an order of protection taken out against her. Certainly any friends of Graham who may have been motivated to retaliate aren’t doing her a favor by attacking this witness. At this point we’ll have to see if things escalate from here, or if Salem will finally see a respite from the infighting that has developed.

Pagan Elders and Pagan Libraries

The Delaware News Journal has a very nice interview up with Ivo Dominguez Jr. (author of “Castings: The Creation Of Sacred Space”) and Jim Welch on the eve of Dover Pagan Pride Day. In addition to the usual introductory questions about Wicca and Paganism, they also discuss the New Alexandrian Library Project, which they hope to build on the “Seelie Court” 102-acres of land owned by members of the Assembly of the Sacred Wheel.


Ivo Dominguez Jr. (left) and Jim Welch.
Photo by Chuck Snyder.

“There is no place where all the ephemeral material related to magical communities is stored. And there is no focal point for scholarship about all faiths. So the library will collect material that’s from the esoteric or magical end of all faiths. It won’t just be pagans. We’re open to Hinduism, Christianity, Islam – any faith. We’re calling it the New Alexandrian Library Project, after the great Alexandria Library in Egypt. The original library was a place where people of different faiths interacted. It was one of the best times for interfaith interaction. We want the new library to be a crossroads for scholars. And we want our community to develop greater scholarship. Librarians at colleges have books on esoteric topics. But acquisitions specialists don’t know what to buy and the books are often not properly cataloged. Newsletters and in-house publications can be preserved at this new library. And we hope it will be the jumping-off point for monographs and things that are not profitable but worthy of being published. Sometimes people say they want to start accredited pagan seminaries and you can’t do that unless you have access to a library.”

To help raise money for the library, the Assembly of the Sacred Wheel is holding a special fund raising event on Labor Day weekend that features esteemed occult author and practitioner Dolores Ashcroft-Nowicki leading rituals and talks. Also of note is their upcoming “Between the Worlds” interfaith esoteric conference, which features a very impressive* line-up of teachers and practitioners.

Kudos to The News Journal for this nicely done article.

* Seriously, it is a very impressive line-up. I’m currently looking under my bed to see if I left any spare piles of money lying around.