{"id":44,"date":"2011-07-02T12:51:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-02T12:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/2011\/07\/assimilation-and-revalorization\/"},"modified":"2011-07-02T12:51:00","modified_gmt":"2011-07-02T12:51:00","slug":"assimilation-and-revalorization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/2011\/07\/assimilation-and-revalorization.html","title":{"rendered":"Assimilation and revalorization"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left\"><b>I was very fortunate as an undergraduate<\/b>. Even at a rather modest state school, The University of Montana, I managed to stumble into a course taught by a world-class scholar of <a href='https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/library\/buddhism' target='_blank'>Buddhism<\/a>. Prof. Alan Sponberg had taught at Berkeley and Stanford (I believe), before deciding to slow things down a bit with a move to the Rocky Mountains. Despite being skeptical of all things religious \u2013 I recall calling myself an \u2018anti-theist\u2019 and a Humanist at the time \u2013 I was intrigued by the course. But even more than the theoretical and historical teachings, I fell in love with the practice, taught alongside in a Meditation \u2018lab\u2019 (\u2018lab\u2019 being a generic term I think for any \u2018add-on\u2019 to a course). That was taught by the then business-student, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bodhipaksa.com\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Bodhipaksa<\/a>. And the rest, as they say, is history.\n<p>That little bit aside, as I dive back into readings\/writings for my thesis, one theme keeps\u00a0reappearing. <b>That theme is, as Dr. Sponberg described in his course, the Assimilation &amp; Revalorization of \u201ccurrent popular culture\u201d for its own uses<\/b>. The theme came up in his class in the last week or so, as we thought about what Buddhism was becoming in the contemporary world. But it actually seems to be a hermeneutic that should be utilised throughout <a href='https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/library\/buddhism' target='_blank'>Buddhist<\/a> history.<\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-H_97iVkQ1xU\/Tg3oACP1mjI\/AAAAAAAABkQ\/k-ZoIPSu3lQ\/s1600\/IMG_1007.JPG\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"178\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-H_97iVkQ1xU\/Tg3oACP1mjI\/AAAAAAAABkQ\/k-ZoIPSu3lQ\/s400\/IMG_1007.JPG\" width=\"400\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Gombrich elucidates this at length in much of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/How-Buddhism-Began-Conditioned-Comparative\/dp\/0415371236?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=montanafreethink&amp;link_code=btl&amp;camp=213689&amp;creative=392969\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\" rel=\"nofollow\">How Buddhism Began<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" height=\"1\" src=\"http:\/\/www.assoc-amazon.com\/e\/ir?t=montanafreethink&amp;l=btl&amp;camp=213689&amp;creative=392969&amp;o=1&amp;a=0415371236\" style=\"border: none !important;margin: 0px !important;padding: 0px !important\" width=\"1\">, and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Buddha-Thought-BUDDHIST-STUDIES-MONOGRAPHS\/dp\/1845536126?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=montanafreethink&amp;link_code=btl&amp;camp=213689&amp;creative=392969\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\" rel=\"nofollow\">What the Buddha Thought<\/a>\u00a0with special reference to Brahmanism,\u00a0Johannes Bronkhorst dives into Jain-Buddhist relations in\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Two-Traditions-Meditation-Ancient-India\/dp\/8120811143?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=montanafreethink&amp;link_code=btl&amp;camp=213689&amp;creative=392969\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\" rel=\"nofollow\">Two Traditions of Meditation in Ancient India<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.assoc-amazon.com\/e\/ir?t=montanafreethink&amp;l=btl&amp;camp=213689&amp;creative=392969&amp;o=1&amp;a=8120811143\" style=\"border: none !important;margin: 0px !important;padding: 0px !important\" width=\"1\">\u00a0and describes Brahman-Buddhist relations in\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Buddhism-Brahmanism-Handbook-Oriental-Studies\/dp\/9004201408?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=montanafreethink&amp;link_code=btl&amp;camp=213689&amp;creative=392969\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\" rel=\"nofollow\">Buddhism in the Shadow of Brahmanism<\/a>\u00a0(which I have yet to read \u2013 note the $). \u00a0And a book I\u2019m reading now, Noa Ronkin\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Buddhist-Metaphysics-Routledgecurzon-Critical-Buddhism\/dp\/0415600014?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=montanafreethink&amp;link_code=btl&amp;camp=213689&amp;creative=392969\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\" rel=\"nofollow\">Early Buddhist Metaphysics<\/a>\u00a0argues that the development of Abhidhamma was influenced by the\u00a0Vai\u015be\u1e63ikas, a Brahmanical school of philosophy known for its categorical system of metaphysics.<\/p>\n<p>All of this points to something that the Buddha and early Buddhists, and indeed all great religious figures, were doing: <b>stealing ideas, changing them, and putting them back out there<\/b>. Or, in terms fit for the classroom: assimilating and revalorizing aspects of the culture around them.<\/p>\n<p>And <i>all\u00a0of this<\/i>\u00a0suggests that we must not, cannot, should not essentialize Buddhism. What does that mean? Well, it means we have to be very careful when we try to say \u2018so and so got this or that <i>wrong<\/i>.\u2019 Yes the \u0100bhidhammikas seem to be creating a metaphysical system when the Buddha seemed to eschew such things. But how often do we come across new or naive students of Buddhism dismissing Abhidhamma as some misguided misadventure? Too often, in my experience. <b>A better approach would be to say that they were doing something <i>different<\/i>, and there is likely a <i>reason<\/i>\u00a0why they did it<\/b>. It takes some time first of all to understand just what the difference <i>is<\/i>\u00a0to begin with, and it takes even more patience to look into the context of those changes to try to decipher the <i>reasons<\/i>\u00a0for them.<\/p>\n<p>The same goes for the numerous strands of development which coalesced, over a period of centuries, into what we now know as Mah\u0101y\u0101na.<\/p>\n<p>But getting back to the early stuff, which is my main area of interest, we have today in the West largely a phenomenon of Buffet Buddhism, people picking and choosing which aspects they like, from whichever tradition, and leaving the rest. Now in a sense this just follows the trend of how Buddhism began and evolved. \u00a0But in another sense it is not. It actually evolved through intense debates regarding doctrine and practice, not to mention bits of political underhandedness\u2026 It has generally had a very top-down transmission, and thus a relative uniformity from place to place. Buddhism in the West is kind of a mess in this regard \u2013 which, if you\u2019re a scholar of it, can be fun.<\/p>\n<p>But I digress once again\u2026<\/p>\n<p><b>Getting to the point of the matter, what I\u2019m interested in is the oddities of the early Buddhist canon<\/b>. Times when things should be one way, but wind up being quite another. An example is the famous \u201cBuddha\u2019s reluctance to teach\u201d after his awakening. A fully awakened being, who has spent lifetimes working toward awakening, who vowed so much at the feet of the previous Buddha, we would think, would be jumping at the opportunity to now teach. After all, he\u2019s not selfish, he must know there are others around him (former teachers and his group of five friends, to say the least) who would benefit from his new understanding. But no. He hesitates. Until, of course, the great <a href=\"http:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/sa\/sahampati.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Brahma Sahampati<\/a>, begged him to teach.<\/p>\n<p>What may at first seem strange becomes clear when we realize the role of assimilation and revalorization. <b>Did the Buddha \u2018believe in\u2019 the gods of Brahmanism? Sure. Did he believe in them in the same way that (pre-) Hindus did? Absolutely not.<\/b> He took them in and gave them new meaning and value. Going back a bit, many contemporary Buddhists, having a more Hindu vision of the gods, say they don\u2019t \u2018believe in\u2019 that portion of Buddhism.<b> The same goes for rebirth.<\/b> When most modern \u2018scientific\u2019 Buddhists say they don\u2019t \u2018believe in rebirth,\u2019 I\u2019m tempted to ask, \u2018who\u2019s version?\u2019 Often enough, it\u2019s the Brahmanic version, which people then say \u2018the Buddha adopted from the culture around him.\u2019<\/p>\n<p><b>But it\u2019s one thing to say the Buddha \u2018adopted\u2019 certain aspects of Brahmanic culture, and quite another to say that he assimilated and revalorized them<\/b>. And if he did the latter, which seems almost always to be the case, we must ask why. And we must do some of the work of understanding the nuanced <i>new<\/i>\u00a0meaning created by the Buddha.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"blogger-post-footer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/tracker\/7907151-7919695413248412398?l=americanbuddhist.blogspot.com\" alt=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I was very fortunate as an undergraduate. Even at a rather modest state school, The University of Montana, I managed to stumble into a course taught by a world-class scholar of Buddhism. Prof. Alan Sponberg had taught at Berkeley and Stanford (I believe), before deciding to slow things down a bit with a move to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":118,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Assimilation and revalorization<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I was very fortunate as an undergraduate. 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Even at a rather modest state school, The University of Montana, I managed to stumble into a course taught by a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/2011\/07\/assimilation-and-revalorization.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"American Buddhist Perspectives\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-07-02T12:51:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-H_97iVkQ1xU\/Tg3oACP1mjI\/AAAAAAAABkQ\/k-ZoIPSu3lQ\/s400\/IMG_1007.JPG\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Justin Whitaker\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Justin Whitaker\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/2011\/07\/assimilation-and-revalorization.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/2011\/07\/assimilation-and-revalorization.html\",\"name\":\"Assimilation and revalorization\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2011-07-02T12:51:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2011-07-02T12:51:00+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/#\/schema\/person\/abfb8f851f671638c4c7536b963f9da9\"},\"description\":\"I was very fortunate as an undergraduate. 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I have a BA and almost an MA in (Western) Philosophy from the University of Montana-Missoula, an MA in Buddhist Studies from Bristol University, UK, and I am currently working on a Ph.D. in Buddhist Ethics at the U of London. My main academic foci are early Buddhist ethics and Kant (odd combination, I know). I also study Western ethics, Tibetan Buddhism, Theravada, Comparative philosophy, and Environmental ethics. I also like photography, running, drinking wine, and eating peanut butter (often in that order).","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/author\/justinwhitaker"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/118"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/americanbuddhist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}