{"id":75113,"date":"2021-08-28T05:56:33","date_gmt":"2021-08-28T09:56:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/anxiousbench\/?p=75113"},"modified":"2021-08-27T17:56:50","modified_gmt":"2021-08-27T21:56:50","slug":"here-i-am-send-me-in-american-military-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/anxiousbench\/2021\/08\/here-i-am-send-me-in-american-military-history\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Here I am, send me&#8221; in American Military History"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the nearly twenty years since a U.S.-led coalition invaded Afghanistan, over two thousand American troops and over a hundred thousand Afghans have died. There\u2019s little that doesn\u2019t feel tragic about that war as it crashes to an end, but it was particularly sad to add dozens more to that death toll on Thursday, when <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/live\/2021\/aug\/26\/afghanistan-live-news-updates-evacuation-refugees-taliban-kabul-airport-latest\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ISIS suicide bombers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> attacked Kabul airport in the midst of American forces withdrawing and some Afghans fleeing the return of the Taliban.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_75125\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-75125\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Kabul_airport_attack#\/media\/File:Afghanistan_Evacuation_210821-A-AB999-0019.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75125\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/168\/2021\/08\/Afghanistan_Evacuation_210821-A-AB999-0019.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"611\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-75125\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Airborne troops helping American and Afghan civilians to evacuate Kabul \u2013 U.S. Central Command\/Wikimedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So even as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/speeches-remarks\/2021\/08\/26\/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-terror-attack-at-hamid-karzai-international-airport\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he accepted responsibility<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201cfor, fundamentally, all that\u2019s happened of late\u201d in the last, chaotic days of the American war in Afghanistan, Joe Biden also took on the presidential role of mourner-in-chief. Paying tribute to the thirteen American service members who died on Thursday, our second Catholic president quoted the Old Testament:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those who have served through the ages have drawn inspiration from the Book of Isaiah, when the Lord says, \u201cWhom shall I send\u2026who shall go for us?\u201d\u00a0 And the American military has been answering for a long time: \u201cHere am I, Lord.\u00a0 Send me.\u201d\u00a0 \u201cHere I am.\u00a0 Send me.\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No one disagreed that \u201cthese women and men of our armed forces are the heirs of that tradition of sacrifice of volunteering to go into harm\u2019s way,\u201d but many criticized his use of Scripture in that way.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Fair is fair. If I saw this coming out of Trump's mouth I'd call it <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/ChristianNationalism?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">#ChristianNationalism<\/a>. Connecting military service &amp; sacrifice with serving God is pretty textbook. I'm grateful to those who serve, but these sorts of statements pridefully imply they're God's representatives. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/UPclSTZ2kL\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/t.co\/UPclSTZ2kL<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Samuel Perry (@profsamperry) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/profsamperry\/status\/1431031067193090048?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">August 26, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/markdtooley\/status\/1431043082003402753\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">conservative commentator Mark Tooley<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Biden\u2019s quotation of Isaiah 6:8 was just another example of an American president using biblical language in the practice of civil religion, which he distinguished from Christian nationalism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For my part, I can\u2019t hear that verse without thinking of my favorite reflection on Christian vocation. \u201cTo Isaiah, the voice said, \u2018Go,\u2019\u201d preached Frederick Buechner in 1969,<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and for each of us there are many voices that say it, but the question is which one will we obey with our lives, which of the voices that call is to be the one we answer. No one can say, of course, except each for himself, but I believe that it is possible to say at least this in general to all of us: we should go with our lives where we most need to go and where we are most needed.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If Buechner is right, then not just prophets, but singers and statisticians and surgeons can answer, \u201cHere I am, send me.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soldiers and sailors, too. But it\u2019s hard not to use that verse as a eulogy for that particular vocation\u2019s ultimate sacrifice without making it sound like such work is specially ordained by God \u2014\u00a0or without echoing themes of American exceptionalism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In any case, Joe Biden is hardly the first American leader to make that rhetorical move. Religion reporter Jack Jenkins <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jackmjenkins\/status\/1431015043282374658\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pointed out<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> two prior examples. In 1996, Bill Clinton\u2019s secretary of defense, William Perry, quoted Isaiah 6:8 in closing <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CREC-1996-06-06\/html\/CREC-1996-06-06-pt1-PgE1026-3.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">his commencement address<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at West Point: \u201cAt this critical point in our history, your Nation has asked, \u2018Whom shall I send? Who will go for us?\u2019 And today you have answered, \u2018Here am I. Send me.\u2019\u201d Seven years later, one of Perry\u2019s successors, Donald Rumsfeld, reportedly added <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-2009-may-25-na-bible25-story.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that verse and others<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to intelligence reports during the war in Iraq.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_75127\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-75127\" style=\"width: 1097px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Rumsfeld#\/media\/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_020124-D-2987S-065.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75127\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/168\/2021\/08\/1097px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020124-D-2987S-065.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1097\" height=\"720\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-75127\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donald Rumsfeld and Joint Chiefs chair Richard B. Myers during a 2002 press conference \u2013 Defense Department\/Wikimedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All of which got me wondering how old a tradition this is, to understand Isaiah\u2019s description of divine calling in explicitly military terms. With classes starting Monday, I don\u2019t have time for anything like comprehensive research, but I did do a little digging yesterday, using some simple digital tools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First, Lincoln Mullen\u2019s wonderful resource, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/americaspublicbible.org\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">America\u2019s Public Bible<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which indexes quotations from the King James Version in the newspapers digitized in the Library of Congress\u2019 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chronicling America<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">project. Isaiah 6:8 shows up 183 times between 1840 and 1921 \u2014 not as often as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Micah+6%3A8&amp;version=NRSV\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">a more famous 8th verse<\/a> of a Hebrew prophet\u2019s 6th chapter, but not rare either. For a long time, there seems to be no military implication at all. The first instance is fairly typical: a call to confession and revival from the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oberlin Evangelist <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(as reprinted in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn83025661\/1840-04-15\/ed-1\/seq-1\/#words=heard+voice+lord+saying+whom+send+here+send\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a Vermont paper<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). There are none from the period of the American Civil War, but then I found <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn85054468\/1898-10-10\/ed-1\/seq-5\/#words=heard+voice+lord+saying+whom+send+here+send\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an October 1898 sermon<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in which Episcopal bishop Thomas F. Gailor preached on Isaiah 6:8 in the context of the Spanish-American War:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was a vision of duty and responsibility, and [Isaiah] answered to his God, \u201cHere am I, send me to bear the message that Thou desireth sent\u2026\u201d The revelation of God and the acceptance thereof, seem to me to be that sum and substance of all heroism.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But while Gailor saw that heroism \u201cin the recognition of their duty of the heroes of our country in the charges at Santiago,\u201d he also discerned it in the work of nurses in the Crimean War, in that \u201cof the young man who accepts the call to a lonely parish,\u201d and in the lives of earlier Christian leaders like Bernard of Clairvaux and William Wilberforce.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_75128\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-75128\" style=\"width: 335px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/2002711996\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-75128\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/168\/2021\/08\/Knight-of-Columbus-WWI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"335\" height=\"452\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-75128\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perhaps the most famous American religious image of World War I, this 1917 poster was designed by William Balfour Ker \u2013 Library of Congress<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It took the First World War, I think, to suggest more distinctly militaristic readings of Isaiah 6:8. And not just among Christians. In May 1918, a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/The_Reform_Advocate\/BpHlAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=%22%22here+am+i,+send+me%22%22+Isaiah+AND+soldier&amp;pg=PA321&amp;printsec=frontcover\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reformed Jewish magazine editorialized<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that \u201cJudaism-in-action is expressed in sacrifice and service. Our young men are sacrificing and serving at the front\u2026 Will we answer, in the words of the Prophet Isaiah, \u2018Here am I; send me\u2019[?]\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn86061216\/1917-05-18\/ed-1\/seq-1\/#words=heard+voice+lord+saying+whom+send+here+send\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not long after<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the U.S. declared war on Germany, the International Sunday School Association asked its 18 million members to observe July 1, 1917 as \u201cpatriotic Sunday,\u201d with each school directed to solicit offerings for the Army or war relief and \u201cto encourage young men to enlist for active service in the war and young women for duty as Red Cross nurses\u2026.\u201d The \u201cgolden text\u201d for the day? \u201cAnd I heard the voice of the Lord, saying, \u2018Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?\u2019 Then I said, \u2018Here I am; send me.\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/The_Church_School_Journal\/gnwzAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=%22%22here+am+i,+send+me%22%22+Isaiah+AND+soldier&amp;pg=PA412&amp;printsec=frontcover\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One teaching plan for Patriotic Sunday<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> instructed Sunday School teachers to liken the \u201creal heroism\u201d of Isaiah to the \u201ctrue bravery\u201d of a Revolutionary War soldier who volunteered to carry an important message through a Redcoat-infested forest. Comparing Kaiser Wilhelm to King Uzziah (who \u201chad profaned the temple\u201d at the time of Isaiah\u2019s call), E. F. Daugherty turned Isaiah 6 into an anti-Prussian parable in the the Sunday School section of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/The_Christian_Century\/6VY4AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=%22here%20am%20I%22\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the June 21, 1917 issue of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Christian Century<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u201cIsaiah was no slacker,\u201d he warned any young Christian tempted to opt out of a civilizational struggle. \u201cThe puny reasons why he might have \u2018claimed exemption\u2019 were all but spider-web before the call of necessity. The slacker\u2026 is beneath contempt in a land of the free \u2014\u00a0and no more than a dry tare in the church of the living God.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Still, other readings of the text persisted, even in the heat of wartime. In the Sunday School insert published <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn82015485\/1917-06-28\/ed-1\/seq-2\/#words=heard+voice+lord+saying+whom+send+here+send\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in many American newspapers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the last week of June 1917, E.O. Sellers concluded his overview of Isaiah 6 with a suggested application that was both less overtly militaristic and more explicitly (Christian) nationalistic in tone:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We are a Christian nation, but there are many degrees and kinds of Christians; those who sincerely try to follow Jesus; those who live under a Christian government, and are unaffected by Christian influences. There is only one way to save this nation from going the way of Nineveh and Tyre; that is, that justice and righteousness shall be the fruit of regenerated lives. The cry is for a better social environment and a more just social position.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sellers worked for Moody Bible Institute. In <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn84024055\/1917-07-14\/ed-1\/seq-5\/#words=heard+voice+lord+saying+whom+send+here+send\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">another part of Chicago<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that first week of July 1917, Bishop H.B. Parks paid tribute to the pastor of St. Mary\u2019s African Methodist Episcopal Church, recalling how Rev. Floyd Grant Snelson had also \u201csaid, \u2018Here am I, send me\u2019\u201d \u2014 not to France or Belgium as a military chaplain, but to Africa, where a younger Snelson had served as a missionary and built two churches.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That sort of application of the passage also showed up near the end of the Second World War. In August 1945, as war raged in the Pacific, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn91068695\/1945-08-09\/ed-1\/seq-1\/#date1=1941&amp;index=2&amp;rows=20&amp;words=Am+Here+I+Me+Send&amp;searchType=basic&amp;sequence=0&amp;state=&amp;date2=1945&amp;proxtext=%22Here+am+I%3B+send+me%22&amp;y=7&amp;x=14&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;page=1\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marion <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(NC)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Progress<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">placed Isaiah 6:8 on its front page. Next to the photos of three local brothers in uniform, an article reported on a Baptist pastor who had turned \u201cHere Am I, Send Me\u201d into a call for missionaries to Africa and China.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Fury Movie CLIP - Bible Verse (2014) - Shia LaBeouf, Brad Pitt Movie HD\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mwsOdsxDZh0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While Shia LaBeouf\u2019s character in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fury <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">invokes Isaiah 6:8 to explain his service, I\u2019m not sure just how popular that verse was during WWII. I found it quoted just twenty times in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chronicling America <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for 1941-1945, and only one of those instances connected matters spiritual and military. Two weeks after Japan\u2019s surrender, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn78002169\/1945-09-14\/ed-1\/seq-6\/#date1=1941&amp;index=7&amp;rows=20&amp;words=am+Here+I+me+send&amp;searchType=basic&amp;sequence=0&amp;state=&amp;date2=1945&amp;proxtext=%22Here+am+I%3B+send+me%22&amp;y=7&amp;x=14&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;page=1\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">another North Carolina paper published<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a prayer asking that, \u201cTo every call of a national duty may our response be prompt: \u2018Here am I, send me.\u2019 So, as good soldiers of Jesus Christ, we would serve our day and generation.\u201d But the service the writer emphasized was no longer combat, but the work of caring for those \u201cwho have offered their bodies in battle,\u201d and for \u201call who suffer want and are lonely and discouraged.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So much for my spotty, idiosyncratic research\u2026 I\u2019d be interested to learn of other historical examples of this theme, or to hear from readers who served in the military: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Was the message of \u201cHere I am, send me\u201d invoked during your service? Has it become more common recently, or was it part of military-religious culture in the Gulf War, Vietnam, or earlier?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On Thursday, Pres. Joe Biden invoked Isaiah 6:8\u00a0in eulogizing American service members killed in Kabul, Afghanistan. That got Chris wondering just how long &#8220;Here I am, Lord. Send me&#8221; has been used in the context of America&#8217;s wars&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2794,"featured_media":75128,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[500,2974,8155],"tags":[2287,1578,322,5338,7186,3757,1581,2956],"class_list":["post-75113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-american-religious-history","category-chris-gehrz","category-war","tag-christian-nationalism","tag-christian-vocation","tag-civil-religion","tag-frederick-buechner","tag-joe-biden","tag-sunday-school","tag-world-war-i","tag-world-war-ii"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>&quot;Here I am, send me&quot; in American Military History<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On Thursday, Pres. 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