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<\/a><\/p>\nAPPENDIX II\u2014 GALATIA<\/p>\n
\tP. 750\u2014Sanders distinguishes between Galatia the region settled by Celts around Ankara, and Galatia the Roman province which extended almost from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean and encompassing several regions. <\/p>\n
p. 751\u2014 The new Gal. province was about 420 miles north to south and included parts of regions called Pisidia and Lycaonia. Augustus based the province of the territory ruled by King Amyntas which went beyond old Galatia and included parts of Pamphylia, Pisidia and Lycaonia. At the time of Paul, Pamphylia was no longer part of Galatia. In 43 A.D. Claudius made it and Lycia into a new province. This means Perga was not in Galatia province in Paul\u2019s day.<\/p>\n
p. 752\u2013 In Acts 13-14 Luke uses regional names Antioch in Pisidia (13.14) Lystra, and Derbe in Lycaonia (14.6) and Perge in Pamphylia (14.24). He does not assign a region to Iconium but it too was in Lycaonia. According 16.6 Paul went through the region of Phrygia and Galatia and in 18.23 through the Galatian region and Phrygia. If Luke means the part of the Roman province of Galatia near Phrygia, then the ref. could be to Pisidian Antioch and Iconium. Most of Phrygia was taken into the province of Asia in 120 B.C. The Galatians had settled in northern Phrygia in 265 B.C. <\/p>\n
p. 753\u2014 As Sanders says, while Acts mentions the region of Galatia it does not say Paul founded churches there while it does say he founded churches in the southern part of the Roman province of Galatia.<\/p>\n
p. 754\u2014 Sanders objects that it would be very peculiar to call Greeks in Lycaonia and Pisidia \u2018Galatians\u2019 since the word clear meant Celts. [But when Paul speaks of Achaians he does not necessarily mean Athenians, he could even mean people who lived near Corinth]. <\/p>\n
p. 757 n. 22\u2014 He critiques C. Hemer\u2019s view, as not proving the south Galatia hypothesis. Popular usage is one thing, governmental usage is another, and Sanders cannot rule out the idea that the term Galatia was used for cities in the south (see p. 758 continuation of the note).<\/p>\n
p. 758\u2014 Sanders points to Gal. 1.21 to show Paul could use regional designations in this case the regions (plural) of Syria and Cilicia. Paul uses the term Judaea which could either be the name of the Roman province or the name of the region (between 44-66 A.D. it was a Roman province), and Sanders notes that it is the region around Jerusalem Paul is always referring to (Rom. 15.31; 2 Cor. 1.16; Gal. 1.22; 1 Thess. 2.14). <\/p>\n
p. 760\u2014 Sanders admits Paul probably used provincial designations when referring to Macedonia and Achaia. He twice mentions the two together (Rom. 15.26; 1 Thes. 1.7-8), which in the first century encompassed the whole of Greece and Macedonia. <\/p>\n
p. 761\u2014Sanders simply wants to say that Burton is wrong that Paul never used regional titles. And in Acts 18.12 and 27 it seems clear that Luke is using the provincial designation Achaia as he speaks of Gallio being its proconsul. [Sanders is right that the Syria and Cilicia regions changed provincial shape so many times in the first century, that it is understandable that Paul would refer to the older regional designations. But this is not really so with Asia and Galatia. It is not however relevant, as Sanders seems to think, that designations shifted in Asia a good deal during 133-40 B.C. period. That\u2019s ancient history by the time Paul is writing.] <\/p>\n
p. 762\u2014 Here is Sander\u2019s main point \u201cIt is impossible for me to think that the people of Pamphylia were called \u2018Asians\u2019 then \u2018Cilicians, then \u2018Asians\u2019 again, then \u2018Galatians\u2019 and then \u2018Lycian and Pamphylians\u2019. But this is in effect what the south Galatia hypothesis proposes\u2026. It is probable that they all called themselves \u2018Greeks\u2019, but in any case \u2018Galatians\u2019 would have meant \u2018Celts\u2019 to them.\u201d [This is not the issue! The issue is what Paul the Roman citizen would have called them, and it is major deficiency of this study that Sanders never discusses whether Paul was or wasn\u2019t a Roman citizen. Furthermore, if Paul is dealing with people of diverse extractions regionally, and he wants to address them as a group why would he not call them all one thing, namely Galatians???]. <\/p>\n
He tries to argue that \u2018Asia\u2019 is a special case because even in Acts, the provincial designation is used. It was established as a province in 129 B.C. whereas Galatia was only established by Augustus in 25 B.C. Paul is writing a good 75 or more years after the establishment of Galatia as a province by Augustus. [There is no reason that with that length time what happened in Asia could not have also happened in Galatia\u2014 namely that the provincial title became common usage. More importantly since the Roman province of Galatia had various different ethnic groups in it, the only omnibus term Paul would find convenient to use for all of them is Galatians]. <\/p>\n
p. 763\u2013 Sanders argues that while Acts says nothing about Paul founding churches in north Galatia, \u201cActs does not give a complete account\u201d [and no sooner do those words come out of his mouth then he says that Acts says nothing about Paul interrupting his itinerary due to illness\u2014whereas Gal. 4.13 says he first preached the Gospel to Galatians due to physical infirmity. Well, you can\u2019t have it both ways. If Luke\u2019s account is cursory then it could easily leave out the cause of Paul showing up first in Pisidian Antioch. Paul is not saying he showed up in Pisidian Antioch by accident. Sander\u2019s imagines that this conflicts with the idea in Acts of Paul following a pre-planned itinerary. Why? Maybe Paul went first to Pisidian Antioch because he thought the mountain air would help his condition, but he also had a letter of reference from Sergius Paulus who had family in Pisidian Antioch as the inscriptions show. In other words, Paul changed the itinerary when he got to Perge and wasn\u2019t feeling great. Maybe he had been planning to go to Iconium or Lystra first.] <\/p>\n
p. 764\u2014 \u201cIf it is true that the itinerary was thought out in advance and then executed, Paul could not conceivably have founded the churches in southern Galatian by accident because of physical infirmity. There was nothing accidental about the trip described in Acts.\u201d [He seems to be ignorant that the phrase Galatic Phrygia or Phyrgian Galatia, refers to the Phrygian region of Galatia, which is not old Galatia. And again, if Paul had a chronic condition, he may have altered his plans to go to a place which was on the itinerary later, but which during the chronic issue was more likely to provide relief to his condition\u2014- namely, away from the humid hot disease prone low lands, and up in the mountains where Psidian Antioch is.] <\/p>\n
pp. 766-69\u2014 Sanders goes to considerable lengths to establish that when Paul traveled overland from Syrian Antioch to Ephesus, he could have taken the old King\u2019s Highway road north from the Cilician Gates to Ancrya and on. This road however was the longer road to Ephesus. \u201cIf one thinks of the trip from Ephesus to Cilicia or Syria, however the Royal Road involves a long detour to the north.\u201d (p. 767). Sanders admits there is a good southern route which is less mountainous which goes south of the salt lake Tuz Golu. This road was built in the fifth century B.C. by merchants.<\/p>\n
p. 768\u2014 \u201cThis we may call in full \u2018the Great Eastern highway of the Greco-Roman period\u2019\u201d He\u2019s quoting William Ramsay.<\/p>\n
p. 770\u2014Sanders does not find the exegesis of the Acts 16 and 18 verses about Phyrgia and Galatia compelling for either north or south view.<\/p>\n
p. 771\u2014 Sanders is right that there are various omissions in the narrative, but these silences do not provided added support for the north Galatia hypothesis. <\/p>\n
p. 775\u2014 L. Martyn argues for the north Galatia hypothesis and says Paul founded churches in the Hellenized cities of Ankyra and Pessinus, with which Lightfoot agrees and he added a third possible city\u2014Gordion (of the knot fame). <\/p>\n
p. 776\u2014 Paul speaks of the churches plural of Galatia so more than one locale probably as opposed to the divided but one city \u2018church of God in Corinth\u2019. <\/p>\n
pp. 776-77\u2014 Gal. 4.13-15 about the infirmity \u201ccan hardly apply equally to congregations separated from each other by a journey of three or more days\u201d [why not if we are talking about a chronic condition that flares up from time to time\u2014 say like eye trouble]. He ends the appendix by saying he doesn\u2019t finally think we can know where the churches were to which Paul wrote. <\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
APPENDIX II\u2014 GALATIA P. 750\u2014Sanders distinguishes between Galatia the region settled by Celts around Ankara, and Galatia the Roman province which extended almost from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean and encompassing several regions. p. 751\u2014 The new Gal. province was about 420 miles north to south and included parts of regions called Pisidia and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n
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