{"id":71666,"date":"2025-07-05T01:51:24","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T05:51:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/bibleandculture\/?p=71666"},"modified":"2025-06-17T10:16:02","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T14:16:02","slug":"the-sardis-synagogue-perhaps-the-largest-in-antiquity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/bibleandculture\/2025\/07\/05\/the-sardis-synagogue-perhaps-the-largest-in-antiquity\/","title":{"rendered":"The Sardis Synagogue&#8211; Perhaps the Largest in Antiquity"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-12.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-71669\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-12-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-4.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-71672\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-4-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The word audacious comes to mind when examining the synagogue at Sardis.\u00a0 Compared for instance to the synagogue at Migdal or the one at Sepphoris, this one is both big and bold, and lavish.\u00a0 It displays the wealth of the Jewish community in Sardis. This is the only synagogue I know of with two places for storing scrolls\u2014 two arks!\u00a0 Perhaps one for the Torah and one for the Prophets scrolls?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-8.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-71675\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-8-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>And then there are the elaborate floor and wall decorations\u2026<a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-2.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-71678\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-7.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-71684\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-7-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-3.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-71681\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-3-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-5.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-71687\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-5-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-9.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-71690\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-9-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The altar is impressive as well<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-6.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-71693\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-6-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>There is even a narthex or forecourt perhaps where the Gentiles and God-fearers could stand and hear the service.\u00a0 See the\u00a0 second picture above.<\/p>\n<p>What is especially audacious about this synagogue is its locale, right next to the giant gymnasium where men ran around in the nude exercising.\u00a0 It reflects a Jewish community fully Hellenized and integrated into the larger society of Sardis.\u00a0 The letter to the church in Sardis suggests that the church as well had become too Hellenized, had soiled their clothes by compromises with the cultural milieu, and were in danger of being spiritually dead.\u00a0 \u00a0The letter in Rev. 3 says:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<span class=\"text Rev-3-1\"><span class=\"woj\">I know your deeds;\u00a0you have a reputation of being alive, but you are dead.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"en-NIV-30750\" class=\"text Rev-3-2\"><span class=\"woj\"><sup class=\"versenum\">2\u00a0<\/sup>Wake up! Strengthen what remains and is about to die, for I have found your deeds unfinished in the sight of my God.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"en-NIV-30751\" class=\"text Rev-3-3\"><span class=\"woj\"><sup class=\"versenum\">3\u00a0<\/sup>Remember, therefore, what you have received and heard; hold it fast, and repent.\u00a0But if you do not wake up, I will come like a thief,\u00a0and you will not know at what time\u00a0I will come to you.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"en-NIV-30752\" class=\"text Rev-3-4\"><span class=\"woj\"><sup class=\"versenum\">4\u00a0<\/sup>Yet you have a few people in Sardis who have not soiled their clothes.\u00a0They will walk with me, dressed in white,\u00a0for they are worthy.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"en-NIV-30753\" class=\"text Rev-3-5\"><span class=\"woj\"><sup class=\"versenum\">5\u00a0<\/sup>The one who is victorious will, like them, be dressed in white. I will never blot out the name of that person from the book of life, but will acknowledge that name before my Father and his angels.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This suggests far too many Christians had made far too serious a compromise with the culture, but if so, they were not the only ones.\u00a0 Jews had already gone that route as well.\u00a0 One further note.\u00a0 The evidence suggests that apart from certain key verses from Torah, the form of the OT used in a synagogue like this was a Greek translation. Not many Diaspora Jews in Sardis were likely to know the Hebrew texts extensively.\u00a0 Notice as well when James writes to Jewish Christians in the Diaspora, he writes to them in Greek.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 The word audacious comes to mind when examining the synagogue at Sardis.\u00a0 Compared for instance to the synagogue at Migdal or the one at Sepphoris, this one is both big and bold, and lavish.\u00a0 It displays the wealth of the Jewish community in Sardis. This is the only synagogue I know of with [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":71684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[15596],"class_list":["post-71666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-what-price-cultural-compromise"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Sardis Synagogue-- Perhaps the Largest in Antiquity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"&nbsp; &nbsp; The word audacious comes to mind when examining the synagogue at Sardis.\u00a0 Compared for instance to the synagogue at Migdal or the one at\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Sardis Synagogue-- Perhaps the Largest in Antiquity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; &nbsp; The word audacious comes to mind when examining the synagogue at Sardis.\u00a0 Compared for instance to the synagogue at Migdal or the one at\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/bibleandculture\/2025\/07\/05\/the-sardis-synagogue-perhaps-the-largest-in-antiquity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Bible and Culture\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-07-05T05:51:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-17T14:16:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/55\/2025\/06\/unnamed-7.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ben Witherington\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ben Witherington\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/bibleandculture\/2025\/07\/05\/the-sardis-synagogue-perhaps-the-largest-in-antiquity\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/bibleandculture\/2025\/07\/05\/the-sardis-synagogue-perhaps-the-largest-in-antiquity\/\",\"name\":\"The Sardis Synagogue-- Perhaps the Largest in Antiquity\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/bibleandculture\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-05T05:51:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-17T14:16:02+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/bibleandculture\/#\/schema\/person\/67da39aff728f9d015878d198839df4b\"},\"description\":\"&nbsp; 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