2015-05-01T21:34:00+00:00

Washington D.C., May 1, 2015 / 03:34 pm (CNA).- Espionage deep in the heart of Europe. Secrets in the KGB. Defection from a communist nation. Ion Mihai Pacepa has seen his share of excitement, serving as general for Communist Romania’s secret police before defecting to the United States in the late 1970s. The highest-ranking defector from communism in the ‘70s, he spoke to CNA recently about the connection between the Soviet Union and Liberation Theology in Latin America. Below are excerpts of the interview. All footnotes were provided by Pacepa.In general, could you say that the spreading of Liberation Theology had any kind of Soviet connection? Yes. I learned the fine points of the KGB involvement with Liberation Theology from Soviet General Aleksandr Sakharovsky, communist Romania's chief razvedka (foreign intelligence) adviser – and my de facto boss, until 1956, when he became head of the Soviet espionage service, the PGU1,  a position he held for an unprecedented record of 15 years. On October 26, 1959, Sakharovsky and his new boss, Nikita Khrushchev, came to Romania for what would become known as “Khrushchev's six-day vacation.” He had never taken such a long vacation abroad, nor was his stay in Romania really a vacation. Khrushchev wanted to go down in history as the Soviet leader who had exported communism to Central and South America. Romania was the only Latin country in the Soviet bloc, and Khrushchev wanted to enroll her “Latin leaders” in his new “liberation” war.I learned about Sakharovsky from your writings, but I could not find any other relevant information about him. Why? Sakharovsky was a Soviet reflection of the Cold War's hot years, when not even all the members of the Israeli and British governments knew the identity of the heads of Mossad and MI-6. But Sakharovsky played an extremely important role in shaping Cold War history. He authored the export of communism to Cuba (1958-1961); his nefarious handling of the Berlin crisis (1958-1961) generated the Berlin Wall; his Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) brought the world to the brink of nuclear war.Was the Theology of Liberation a movement somehow "created" by Sakharovsky's part of the KGB, or it was an existing movement that was exacerbated by the USSR? The movement was born in the KGB, and it had a KGB-invented name: Liberation Theology. During those years, the KGB had a penchant for “liberation” movements. The National Liberation Army of Columbia (FARC), created by the KGB with help from Fidel Castro; the “National Liberation Army of Bolivia, created by the KGB with help from “Che” Guevara; and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), created by the KGB with help from Yasser Arafat are just a few additional “liberation” movements born at the Lubyanka -- the headquarters of the KGB. The birth of Liberation Theology was the intent of a 1960 super-secret “Party-State Dezinformatsiya Program” approved by Aleksandr Shelepin, the chairman of the KGB, and by Politburo member Aleksey Kirichenko, who coordinated the Communist Party's international policies. This program demanded that the KGB take secret control of the World Council of Churches (WCC), based in Geneva, Switzerland, and use it as cover for converting Liberation Theology into a South American revolutionary tool. The WCC was the largest international ecumenical organization after the Vatican, representing some 550 million Christians of various denominations throughout 120 countries.The birth of a new religious movement is a historic event. How was this new religious movement launched? The KGB began by building an intermediate international religious organization called the Christian Peace Conference (CPC), which was headquartered in Prague. Its main task was to bring the KGB-created Liberation Theology into the real world. The new Christian Peace Conference was managed by the KGB and was subordinated to the venerable World Peace Council, another KGB creation, founded in 1949 and by then also headquartered in Prague. During my years at the top of the Soviet bloc intelligence community I managed the Romanian operations of the World Peace Council (WPC). It was as purely KGB as it gets. Most of the WPC’s employees were undercover Soviet bloc intelligence officers. The WPC’s two publications in French, Nouvelles perspectives and Courier de la Paix, were also managed by undercover KGB – and Romanian DIE2  - intelligence officers. Even the money for the WPC budget came from Moscow, delivered by the KGB in the form of laundered cash dollars to hide their Soviet origin. In 1989, when the Soviet Union was on the verge of collapse, the WPC publicly admitted that 90% of its money came from the KGB3.How did the Theology of Liberation start? I was not involved in the creation of Liberation Theology per se. From Sakharovsky I learned, however, that in 1968 the KGB-created Christian Peace Conference, supported by the world-wide World Peace Council, was able to maneuver a group of leftist South American bishops into holding a Conference of Latin American Bishops at Medellin, Colombia. The Conference’s official task was to ameliorate poverty. Its undeclared goal was to recognize a new religious movement encouraging the poor to rebel against the “institutionalized violence of poverty,” and to recommend the new movement to the World Council of Churches for official approval. The Medellin Conference achieved both goals. It also bought the KGB-born name “Liberation Theology.”Theology of Liberation had key leaders, some of them famous “pastoral” figures, some others intellectuals. Do you know if there was any involvement of the Soviet bloc in promoting either the personal image or the writings of such personalities? Any specific connection with Bishops Sergio Mendes Arceo from Mexico or Helder Camara from Brazil?  Any possible direct connection with liberation theologians such as Leonardo Boff, Frei Betto, Henry Camacho or Gustavo Gutierrez?   I have good reason to suspect that there was an organic connection between the KGB and some of those leading promoters of Liberation Theology, but I have no evidence to prove it. For the last 15 years of my life in Romania (1963 - 1978), I managed that country's scientific and technological espionage, as well as the disinformation operations aimed at improving Ceausescu's stature in the West.   I recently glanced through Gutierrez's book A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, Salvation (1971), and I had the feeling that it was written at the Lubyanka. No wonder he is now credited with being the founder of Liberation Theology. From feelings to facts, however, is a long way.   ........................................................... Footnotes: 1) Pervoye Glavnoye Upravleniye, or First Chief Directorate of the KGB 2) Departamentul de Informatii Externe, Romania’s foreign intelligence service. 3)  Herbert Romerstein, Soviet Active Measures and Propaganda, Mackenzie Institute Paper no. 17 (Toronto, 1989), pp. 14-15, 25-26. WPC Peace Courier, 1989, no. 4, as cited in Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 629.   Read more

2015-05-01T20:44:00+00:00

Washington D.C., May 1, 2015 / 02:44 pm (CNA/EWTN News).- The House voted late Thursday night to formally disapprove of two laws which religious and pro-life organizations in the nation’s capital say violate their religious liberty. The passag... Read more

2015-05-01T10:02:00+00:00

Madrid, Spain, May 1, 2015 / 04:02 am (CNA/EWTN News).- Kayla Mueller, the young human rights activist who was killed earlier this year while being held hostage by ISIS, was a woman of faith with a heart full of compassion toward those who suffered, her parents say. Now, they intend to carry on her legacy of service to others. “Some people find God in Church, some people find God in nature, some people find God in love, I find God in suffering,” Kayla’s mother, Marsha Mueller told CNA April 18, reciting a phrase of her daughter. “I’ve known for some time what my life's work is: using my hands as tools to relieve suffering.” The Mueller’s shared their daughter’s story during an April 17-20 conference entitled “#We Are Nazarenes” in Madrid, Spain. The title of the conference took it’s inspiration from the Arabic letter “nun,” which ISIS militants branded on the houses of Christians in Mosul, Iraq last summer to indicate which ones belonged to the “Nazarenes.” The Islamic State – also known as ISIS – has taken over parts of Iraq and Syria in recent months. The militant terror group has established a caliphate and carried out mass persecutions of minority populations, primarily Christians and Yazidis. Kayla Mueller, who came from Prescott, Ariz. and was 26 at the time of her death, was taken captive by ISIS militants in August 2013 while leaving a Doctors Without Borders hospital in Aleppo, Syria. She had been working to help Syrian refugees along the Turkish border with international aid agency Support to Life, and had gone to the hospital to help for a day. Kayla and some of her colleagues were then abducted while being taken to a bus to return back to Turkey. On Feb. 6, 2015, ISIS released a photo of a damaged building, naming Kayla and claiming that she had been killed in a Jordanian airstrike in Raqqa, Syria. Her family confirmed her death Feb. 10, saying that ISIS had sent them proof in an email. The email held three photos of her body, bruised on the face and dressed in a black hijab – a veil that covers the head and chest. Kayla’s parents, Carl and Marsha Mueller, recounted how their daughter had always been affected by the suffering of others, and that “her heart always broke when she saw suffering.” From the time she was young Kayla had gotten involved with several volunteer organizations in her hometown, including youth camp. She was good at speaking, so she got involved with different international groups, and had even been invited to go to Washington D.C. to meet with people as part of the leadership of the groups, Marsha recalled. After starting her college career in environmental studies, Marsha explained that Kayla felt she wasn’t supposed to stay in school, but wanted to get her degree. She then changed her degree to political science with a minor in international relations and graduated in two and a half years. Just two months after her graduation in Dec. 2009, Kayla traveled to India to work in an orphanage. When the weather got too hot, she went to the country’s northern border, where she worked with Tibetan refugees and taught them English. She later went on to work in Israel, Palestine and France, where she studied for a year so she could learn French with the intention of doing mission work in Africa. Carl Mueller, Kayla’s father, said that she truly shared in the suffering of those that she worked with. British philosopher and writer Bertrand Russell’s declaration that he had an “unbearable pity” for the suffering of mankind described how his daughter was. That phrase, he said, “explains Kayla in as few words as you can possibly use. She truly suffered when she saw other people suffering and she had to help, she just had to help.” In one letter Kayla wrote to her father while she was in India, she recounted how she had come home and was so angry about something that had happened that she was shaking. What she managed to write down at the time was a shock even for herself when she read it later, Carl noted, recalling her words: “I find God in the suffering eyes reflected in mine. If this is how you are revealed to me this is how I will always seek you.” Mr. Mueller said that after he received Kayla’s letter he wrote the phrase on a bookmark for her to carry with her in her travels, but she refused to take it. The bookmark now hangs on a wall in the Mueller home, alongside the various other gifts Kayla sent to her parents from abroad. Kayla’s mother recalled how dedicated she was to alleviating and comforting the suffering of others, and said that her former declaration that “as long as I live I won’t let this suffering be normal,” is evidence of her determination. “She looked at all people. Kayla was not narrow or selective. She had a real gift to learn from everyone, and she reached out to people that were different to learn from them,” Marsha said. Despite how deeply she shared in others’ suffering, Kayla was always “fun-loving and joyful,” her mother explained, noting that she was always touched by how people with so little “still had so much.” Kayla’s decision to travel to Syria rather than Africa, as she had originally planned, was the result of a chance encounter with a Syrian man while returning home from Palestine. While on a layover in Egypt, Kayla met the man, who was not living in Syria but was visiting on holiday, and told him about the work she did. Although he couldn’t understand why she would dedicate her life to others rather than looking out for herself, the man was touched by “Kayla’s love for people,” Marsha said. The two of them kept in touch through skype and email, and once the Syrian crisis broke out the man went back to help his people because of Kayla’s influence, she recalled. He kept Kayla informed of the situation, and because of that she decided to travel to the Turkish border to work with Syrian refugees. While on the border, Kayla worked with women whose husbands had either been killed, captured or were fighting with the Syrian Army. Together with a few other colleagues Kayla helped to found an organization called “Dignity” in Arabic, where the women sold homemade baby clothes in order to raise money for their families. Carl recalled how in one talk Kayla gave in their hometown, she explained that one of the women had asked her “Where is the world?” “And Kayla, having no answer, said all she could do was sit and cry with them. That’s what she did, she comforted those people and she wanted to be where the suffering was the worst.” Marsha said the last time they saw Kayla was at the end of May to the beginning of June, 2013 when she had come home for a 10 day visit, just two months before her abduction. At the end of the visit, Marsha recalled how she sat on the couch with Kayla and held her hand, telling her “Kayla I just don’t want you to go this time, I want you to stay.” Although the topic of conversation quickly changed, Marsha said that the next morning Kayla came out with a clay hand she had made and let dry in her room, saying “Mom, you’ll always have my hand.” The expression became the inspiration and namesake for the Mueller’s nonprofit organization “Kayla’s hands,” which they founded after her death in order to honor her and continue her work in serving others. After Kayla was abducted, her parents received ransom demands from ISIS, including requests for extremely large sums of money and the release or exchange of other prisoners. The militants had even threatened them, saying Kayla would be killed if they spoke out, “so that’s why no one heard anything for 18 months,” Carl noted, and revealed that not even the rest of their family knew about the abduction for several months. Marsha said that Kayla had always stayed in close contact with them through letters and skype, and that once they found out Kayla had been taken, she continued to write her daughter, and has 10 full notebooks of her correspondence detailing what was going on at home and “the miracles” they saw happening. Faith has kept them going throughout the stress of the process, the Mueller’s said. "I don’t think we could have done it without faith.” After the tension placed on them personally as well as their marriage in the face of making life or death decisions regarding their daughter, their relationship has been changed “forever,” Carl said, “but we have one thing, and that’s our faith. And it keeps bringing us back together and making us strong.” Kayla’s message to the world, they explained, is that “one person can make a difference…one person with extraordinary faith, extraordinary compassion and extraordinary courage can make a difference, and Kayla has.” They said that while they are just normal people, their daughter, whom they called “Special K” from the time she was little, was in fact the special one, and they want to continue her legacy. The couple also made an appeal to the international community to make a greater effort in fighting against ISIS, saying that “If world had gotten together in 2013 when this group really formed, a lot of these kids would be alive, a lot of these families wouldn’t have their homes destroyed.” “So there was a lot not done; people just kind of kept thinking it would go away,” Marsha said. Her husband echoed her thoughts, saying that the world needs to band together and “bring this to a stop. It’s not the United States, we can’t police the world…it’s got to be all the countries and they’ve all got to do brave things.” Read more

2015-05-01T06:25:00+00:00

Washington D.C., May 1, 2015 / 12:25 am (CNA).- Many journalists would say they have a passion for truth, but for Sr. Mary Ann Walsh, that took on added significance as she worked for the Church she loved. Ubiquitous in the world of U.S. Catholic me... Read more

2015-04-30T23:45:00+00:00

Vatican City, Apr 30, 2015 / 05:45 pm (CNA/EWTN News).- Next month the Vatican will invite Rome's poor and homeless to a concert intended to raise money for Pope Francis’ charities, which last year boasted over one and a half million in charitable giving. “The most beautiful note, harmony, symphony of the pentagram is that of charity, because it's everywhere and always touches the chords of each heart, of whoever makes them feel it and whoever hears it,” Mons. Diego Giovanni Ravelli told journalists April 30. Head of the Office of the Apostolic Almoner, which is responsible for the Pope's charity, Mons. Ravelli explained that music itself is a form of charity, because “when it touches the soul of man, it brings inside of him the excitement of life and heals the poverty of his heart.” Set to take place on the Solemnity of the Ascension of the Lord May 14 at 6 p.m. in the Vatican’s Paul VI Hall, the concert is titled “With the poor and for the poor.” It is sponsored by the Office of the Apostolic Almoner, the Pontifical Councils for Culture and the Promotion of the New Evangelization as well as the San Matteo foundation in memory of Card. Van Thuan. In his speech for the announcement of the concert, Mons. Ravelli drew attention to the emphasis on poverty, and quoted Pope Francis, saying that it is something which “calls us to plant hope!” In reference to the event’s title, he explained that the concert will be “with” the poor because the protagonists will be those most in need. Both the poor and the sick will take front row seats for the event, and have been invited through various charitable and voluntary associations such as the Great Priory of Rome and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the Circle of St. Peter, Caritas Rome, the Sant'Egidio Community and the Centro Astalli, which assists migrants and refugees. Detainees from Rome’s Rebbibia prison, where Pope Francis celebrated Holy Thursday Mass this year, will also attend in addition to elderly, families and young persons from Roman parishes, particularly in poorer areas. The concert will be “for” since all donations made by the sponsors as well as those who wish to make an offering will be given to Pope Francis’ charitable projects. Distribution of the funds is a responsibility the papal almoner, Mons. Konrad Krajewski, is charged with. Mons. Ravelli revealed that everyday his office receives thousands of letters from needy families and individuals seeking help. The number of letters coming in has increased in recent years due to economic crisis, unemployment and immigration, he said, explaining that all letters are authenticated by parish priests and other ecclesiastical authorities. Economic assistance is given to the priests and authorities based on the authenticity and need of the request, and then distributed to the people “as it is important for the Pope's concrete gesture to be integrated with the solidarity of the local Church and Christian parish community,” Mons. Ravelli said. He revealed that last year his office gave more than 1,500,000 euros in charity, which is a figure that went up 25 percent since 2013. So far 2015 has seen numbers such as 285,000 euros for just the month of March, which is a number the priest said “will surely be surpassed” in April. An invitation is required to attend the concert, which will be conducted by Maestro Daniel Oren and performed by the Philharmonic Orchestra of Salerno, Italy and the choir of the diocese of Rome, which is directed by Mons. Marco Frisina. Tickets are free and can be obtained online before May 8 by completing a form on the website for the Choir of the Diocese of Rome. Also present at the April 30 news conference, Mons. Frisina said that the songs to be played will represent a spiritual journey “that from the perspective of out human condition will lead us to encounter the grace of the Lord.” Music selections in the first part will focus heavily on the journey that renowned Italian poet Dante Alighieri laid out in his “Divine Comedy.” What begins as man’s painful search for God who is love will force man to live the experience of hell, which is reserved for those “who betray love, or have searched only for themselves and not God,” before leading him to the ascent of purgatory, “where hope and mercy lie,” Mons. Frisina explained. From there the music selections will allude to the entrance into paradise, where listeners will hear the sounds of love and rejoicing, as well as the intercession of Mary, implored by St. Bernadette and all the saints in heaven. The second part, he noted, will focus on the joy of redemption, the gift of peace as the first gift of the Risen Christ and the joy that comes from the heart of Mary and the Church. At the end of the concert, the listeners, choir, soloists and orchestra will altogether sing the “Hymn of the Sea,” which is a canticle of Moses and the redeemed, Mons. Frisina said, adding that he wants “all 7,000” people present in the hall to join in singing it. Read more

2015-04-30T21:32:00+00:00

Santiago, Chile, Apr 30, 2015 / 03:32 pm (CNA/EWTN News).- Facing devastation from the unexpected eruption of the Calbuco volcano in southern Chile, Archbishop Cristian Caro of Puerto Montt, one of the areas at risk, reminded the faithful not to lose h... Read more

2015-04-30T17:48:00+00:00

Fatima, Portugal, Apr 30, 2015 / 11:48 am (CNA/EWTN News).- In 2017, Pope Francis plans to travel to Fatima, said Bishop António Augusto dos Santos Marto of Leiria-Fátima in a statement after meeting with the Holy Father. The occasion for the visit would be the 100-year anniversary of Mary’s appearing to three shepherd children at Fatima. No travel dates to the Portuguese shrine have been set, but the country is already preparing for the celebration of the centenary of the apparitions. Two years ago, Pope Francis received the statue of Our Lady of Fatima in St. Peter's Square. He invited those present to meditate on the gaze of Mary. “O Mary, let us feel your gaze as a Mother,” he said. “Lead us to your Son, as we are not Christians ‘for show', but who can 'get their hands dirty' to build with your Son, Jesus, his Kingdom of love, joy and peace.” “How important it is,” the Pope said of Mary’s gaze. “How many things can be said with a look! Affection, encouragement, compassion, love, but also reproach, envy, pride, even hatred.” “Often,” he added, “the look says more than words, or says what words cannot or dare not say. Who looks at the Virgin Mary? She looks at all of us, each of us…She looks at us like a Mother, with tenderness, with mercy, with love. The same way she looked at the child Jesus, in every moment of his life… When we are tired, discouraged, overwhelmed by the problems, look to Mary.” St. John Paul II also had a special devotion to Virgin of Fatima. He attributed his survival during a 1981 assassination attempt to her miraculous intervention. As a sign of his gratitude, he placed the bullet from the failed assassination attempt in her crown. “Pray for the brother who shot me, whom I have sincerely forgiven. United to Christ, as a priest and victim, I offer my sufferings for the Church and the world,” Pope John Paul II said.   Read more

2015-04-30T10:02:00+00:00

Barcelona, Spain, Apr 30, 2015 / 04:02 am (CNA/EWTN News).- Though the renowned Catalan architect Antoni Gaudi died nearly 90 years ago and his best-known work remains under construction, the beauty of the Sagrada Familia basilica continues to draw people to Christ. “Almost nothing leads us to the divine, but then people go there,” said José Manuel Almuzara Pérez, reflecting on the awe inspired in those who visit the Sagrada Familia. Almuzara told CNA April 18 that “Even the other day someone said to me: 'Jose Manuel, I'm an atheist, what is happening to me?'” The atheist who spoke to him, Almuzara said, “was thrilled, and didn’t know how to explain what he felt. He was moved, at 70 or 75 years old, looking up at this wonder of architecture which lifts you upward.” Almuzara heads the Association for the Beatification of Antoni Gaudi. Originally started as a small group of laymen with a tiny budget, the association decided to investigate the possibility in of Gaudi’s sainthood in 1992; the cause for his canonization was officially opened in Rome in 2003. Since opening of his cause, letters have poured in from all over the world attributing graces, favors, and miracles to Gaudí’s intercession, Almuzara said, noting that the atheist he spoke with is not the only one who has experienced a feeling of awe after seeing the Sagrada Familia. Perhaps the most impressive conversion he’s seen worked through the beauty of the basilica is that of a Buddhist sent by the South Korean government in 1998 to study Gaudi's work in Barcelona, in preparation for an exhibition on the architect. Given only one week to complete his work, the man wrote a letter to the association several months later revealing that he was converting to Catholicism. This man, Almuzara said, “came to Barcelona a Buddhist, a practicing one, and returned to his country wanting to be Catholic. "What happened in Barcelona?" In his letter, the man said that after studying Gaudí’s designs, particularly the Sagrada Familia, “he discovered the divine that is present in Gaudi’s work; and seeing and admiring his work, he discovered the existence of God.” After returning to South Korea, the man sought formal lessons in catechesis to build upon his experience in Barcelona, and afterward entered the Church. Gaudi was born in 1852 in Spain's autonomous community of Catalonia. He was a devout Catholic, which together with forms drawn from nature greatly influenced his architecture; he has received the nickname “God’s architect” due to the emphasis he placed on religion in his works. He began his work on the Sagrada Familia in 1883, and in 1914 stopped all other projects to work exclusively on the masterpiece, to which he dedicated himself until his death in 1926. The church was consecrated by Benedict XVI in 2010, and named a basilica. Still under construction, it is expected to be completed by 2026, to coincide with the 100th anniversary of Gaudí’s death. Gaudí is still alive through his architecture, Almuzara said, who spoke of the artist’s commitment to doing beautiful things in his work. “This is Gaudí, great amongst the great, but humble … a simple man,” he said, explaining that these qualities are what made him want to promote the architect’s cause for beatification. “Why can’t this person be a teacher, a saint, who guides us, who makes us see? Not just architects, but artists in general, he can teach us in our daily life to adapt to the difficult circumstances.” The association have previously expressed their hope that Gaudí could be beatified in June 2016, following their presentation of a 1,200 page portfolio on the architect in Rome in 2011. Gaudi's cause was also supported by Cardinal Ricardo Carles Gordo, who was Archbishop of Barcelona from 1990 to 2004. Although no miracles have yet been formally acknowledged by the Congregation for the Causes of Saints as having been worked through Gaudi's intercession, the portfolio included two possibilities. One is the cure of a Spaniard from Canet de Mar who suffered from stomach ulcers, and the second is the case of a woman from the town of Reus who lost her sight but later regained it after praying through Gaudi's intercession.   Read more

2015-04-29T22:08:00+00:00

Washington D.C., Apr 29, 2015 / 04:08 pm (CNA/EWTN News).- Old and young, gay and straight, marriage defense advocates rallied outside the Supreme Court in Washington, D.C. on Tuesday, calling for the institution of marriage to be maintained. Doug M... Read more

2015-04-29T20:02:00+00:00

Vatican City, Apr 29, 2015 / 02:02 pm (CNA/EWTN News).- With the number of children raised in brokenness on the rise, young people view marriage as a path to failure – so Pope Francis says it’s time for Christians to restore faith in the family. “The most persuasive witness of the blessing of Christian marriage is the good life of Christian spouses, and the family,” the Pope said to some 60,000 people in Saint Peter's Square April 29. “There is no better way of expressing the beauty of the sacrament!” Since the end of last fall, Pope Francis has been centering his catechesis for the weekly general audience on the family as part of the lead-up to the World Day of Families in September as well as October’s Synod of Bishops on the Family. In his address, the Pope observed how fewer people today are getting married. In many countries separations are on the rise while the number of children born is declining, he noted, saying that it’s the children who suffer the consequences. “The first victims, the most important victims, the victims who suffer the most in a separation, are children,” he said. Francis turned to the question of why young people are no longer getting married, suggesting that they have come to view marriage as something temporary. He asked if young people prefer to live together with “limited responsibility” or whether they have lost faith in marriage and the family, saying that if this is the case, then “why don't they have faith in the family?” Nearly all men and women desire a stable marriage and a happy family, Pope Francis said, but fear of failure prevents them from “trusting in Christ's promise of grace in marriage and in the family.” He noted how many marriages are marked by poverty, degradation and domestic violence, and said that the seed of “radical equality” between spouses must bear new fruits in society. “As Christians we must become more demanding in this respect. For example: decisively backing the right to equal pay for equal work; the disparity is a pure scandal!” the Pope said. Francis pointed to the biblical passage in Genesis when Adam blames Eve for giving him the apple, saying that it’s an example of “maschilismo,” chauvinism, which always seeks to dominate women. “(What) a bad impression Adam made, when God said: ‘Why have you eaten the fruit’ – ‘She gave it to me: it is the woman's fault!’” he said, adding “Poor woman! We must defend women, no?” The Pope also stressed the importance of recognizing the “the motherhood of women and the fatherhood of men” as a wealth of richness, especially for children. He then turned to the Gospel account of the Wedding Feast of Cana, reflecting on how Jesus performed his first miracle, turning water into wine, at the request of Mary. This scene is reminiscent of the book of Genesis, the pontiff said, in which God creates his “masterpiece” – man and woman. For Jesus to begin his public performance of miracles in the context of a wedding feast is significant, the Pope noted, saying that by doing so “Jesus teaches us that the masterpiece of society is the family – the man and woman who love each other!” Consecrated by God, marriage “protects the bond between man and woman,” he said, and is “the source of peace and goodness for all of marriage and family life.” Read more




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