An illustration of Kepler\u2019s three laws of planetary motion: 1. The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci. 2. A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. 3. The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
(Image from Wikimedia CC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
I\u2019m sometimes assured that even religious scientists don\u2019t allow religion to infect their science. \u00a0Instead, they compartmentalize it and keep it strictly separate from their rational<\/em> thinking. \u00a0And this, say such critics of religion, is the best case scenario. \u00a0More commonly, religion is the irrational enemy<\/em> of science.<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
James Hannam\u2019s book The Genesis of Science: How the Christian Middle Ages Launched the Scientific Revolution<\/em>\u00a0(Washington DC: Henry Regnery, 2011) argues that such assumptions are, at a minimum, simplistic caricatures.<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
Hannam\u00a0received a bachelor\u2019s degree in physics from Oxford University and then earned his doctorate in the history of science at the University of Cambridge. \u00a0Here, he discusses a vitally important person and a pivotal achievement in the rise of modern science where it is flatly (and significantly) not true that religious beliefs were kept strictly separate from scientific efforts:<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Born in 1571 near Stuttgart in Germany, Johannes Kepler . . . was a bright child and managed ot win a scholarship to a secondary school and thence to the University of T\u00fcbingen. \u00a0His eventual aim was to become a priest. \u00a0Religion was the central theme of Kepler\u2019s life \u2014 both with respect to his own beliefs and the social climate in which he lived. \u00a0He was an unusually devout man at a time when strong religious views were commonplace.<\/strong> \u00a0(291-292)<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
For Kepler, the most important fact about the world was that God had created it. \u00a0Like Copernicus, Kepler was convinced that the structure of the heavens had to reflect the perfection of its creator. \u00a0This perfection, he thought, would reveal itself best through the precision of geometry.<\/strong> \u00a0(293)<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kepler rejected the defeatism of the skeptics, although his reasons were religious rather than scientific. \u00a0As far as he was concerned, the heavens must reflect their maker. \u00a0\u201cFor a long time, I wanted to be a theologian,\u201d he wrote, \u201cnow however, behold how through my effort God is being celebrated through astronomy.\u201d \u00a0As the Bible itself states: \u201cThe heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament shows his handiwork.\u201d \u00a0There was no imprecision about God and he did not make eight-minute mistakes. \u00a0Nor was he the capricious sort who would make the heavens into an unsolvable puzzle. \u00a0If the paths of the planets were ordained by God, then they must be simple and elegant. \u00a0In keeping with his faith, Kepler was absolutely unwilling to abandon the axiom of uniform motion. \u00a0But the need for planets to move in circles was a Greek addition to that basic principle and he could drop it without compromising his belief in God\u2019s fidelity.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nCopernicus had also derived his astronomical ideas from his theology. \u00a0However, for all his calculations, he had failed to achieve total empirical accuracy because he was committed to movement in circles. \u00a0Now Kepler completed the chain between religion and science. \u00a0His ideas about God provided his hypothesis, he had the mathematical ability to turn his ideas into a system, and, at last, Tycho\u2019s data meant he could check to see if his system was actually true.<\/strong> \u00a0(295-296)<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
From such a background emerge \u201cKepler\u2019s Laws\u201d of planetary motion and his revolutionary idea that the orbits of the planets are elliptical rather than circular.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
[Kepler] saw his science as a religious duty and wrote as if it were a complicated piece of theology. . . . \u00a0Sheet after sheet of calculations [in his notebooks] are punctuated with mystical speculation and prayers. \u00a0Nevertheless, it remains true that Kepler cracked the mystery of the planets\u2019 movements because of his faith in God\u2019s creative power.<\/strong> \u00a0(296)<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00a0 \u00a0 I\u2019m sometimes assured that even religious scientists don\u2019t allow religion to infect their science. \u00a0Instead, they compartmentalize it and keep it strictly separate from their rational thinking. \u00a0And this, say such critics of religion, is the best case scenario. \u00a0More commonly, religion is the irrational enemy of science. \u00a0 James Hannam\u2019s book The […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1019,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n
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![\"Kepler's](\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/186\/2015\/09\/300px-Kepler_laws_diagram.svg_.png\")
<\/a>