\u201cRomancing the Rio Wreck: Evidence for Ancient Transoceanic Contact in the Americas vs. a Romantic Notion of Peer Review\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
***<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
Thomas S. Kuhn (1922-1996) was trained as a physicist at Harvard University, from which he received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. \u00a0It is, however, as a philosopher of science that he is best known, and by far his most famous book is\u00a0The Structure of Scientific Revolutions<\/i>\u00a0(1962), in which he\u00a0argues that science progresses not via a linear accumulation of new knowledge but by undergoing periodic revolutions, for which he borrowed (and made famous) the term\u00a0paradigm shift<\/em>.<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
Here are three passages from The Structure of Scientific Revolutions<\/em>:<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u201cNormal science, the activity in which most scientists inevitably spend almost all their time, is predicated on the assumption that the scientific community knows what the world is like.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u201cUnder normal conditions the research scientist is not an innovator but a solver of puzzles, and the puzzles upon which he concentrates are just those which he believes can be both stated and solved within the existing scientific tradition.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u201cParadigms are not corrigible by normal science at all. Instead, as we have already seen, normal science ultimately leads only to the recognition of anomalies and to crises. And these are terminated, not by deliberation and interpretation, but by a relatively sudden and unstructured event like the gestalt switch. Scientists then often speak of the \u201cscales falling from the eyes\u201d or of the \u201clightning flash\u201d that \u201cinundates\u201d a previously obscure puzzle, enabling its components to be seen in a new way that for the first time permits its solution. On other occasions the relevant information comes in sleep. No ordinary sense of the term \u2018interpretation\u2019 fits these flashes of intuition through which a new paradigm is born. Though such intuitions depend upon the experience, both anomalous and congruent, gained with the old paradigm, they are not logically or piecemeal linked to particular items of that experience as an interpretation would be. Instead, they gather up large portions of that experience and transform them to the rather different bundle of experience that will thereafter be linked piecemeal to the new paradigm but not to the old.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00a0 \u00a0 The invaluable Dr. Jeff Lindsay offers some interesting thoughts about peer review, John Robertson\u2019s response to a response to Brian Stubbs\u2019s work on seemingly Egyptian and Semitic elements in Uto-Aztecan, and apparently Roman-era amphorae found underwater near Rio de Janeiro: \u00a0 \u201cRomancing the Rio Wreck: Evidence for Ancient Transoceanic Contact in the Americas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1019,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[5316,3739,5319,5988,6318,6321,6315,5313],"class_list":["post-79752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-brian-stubbs","tag-egyptian","tag-hebrew","tag-john-robertson","tag-paradigm","tag-semitic","tag-thomas-kuhn","tag-uto-aztecan"],"yoast_head":"\n
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![\"Aerial](\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/186\/2016\/08\/Harvard_Square_aerial_1.jpg\")
<\/a>