{"id":83330,"date":"2020-03-04T14:02:01","date_gmt":"2020-03-04T21:02:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/danpeterson\/?p=83330"},"modified":"2020-03-05T22:20:58","modified_gmt":"2020-03-06T05:20:58","slug":"geology-and-third-nephi-10-cities-burned-buried-and-drowned-part-two","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/danpeterson\/2020\/03\/geology-and-third-nephi-10-cities-burned-buried-and-drowned-part-two.html","title":{"rendered":"Geology and Third Nephi (10): Cities Burned, Buried, and Drowned (Part Two)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<\/head>

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"USGS<\/a>
Does Mesoamerica have any volcanoes? This public domain US Geological Survey may offer some helpful clues.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

I press forward with the notes that I\u2019m primarily taking from an article written by my longtime friend Bart Kowallis about the natural catastrophe described in the Book of Mormon as having occurred in the New World at the death of Christ: \u00a0Bart J. Kowallis, \u201cIn the Thirty and Fourth Year: A Geologist\u2019s View of the Great Destruction in 3 Nephi,\u201d\u00a0BYU Studies<\/em>\u00a037\/3 (1997-1998)<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

I closed my previous entry in this series<\/a> by noting the suggestion by John Sorenson that the New World city of Jerusalem was located on the shore of a lake. \u00a0According to 3 Nephi 9:7, it was covered by water during what might appropriately be called the Great Destruction.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

But is there any evidence of sunken cities in ancient Mesoamerica? \u00a0Yes, there is.<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Okay. \u00a0So what about buried<\/em> cities? \u00a0Are such things geologically plausible? \u00a0Professor Kowallis devotes a portion of his article to discussing this matter.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Burial in the earth is a common occurrence in explosive volcanic eruptions. \u00a0The large quantities of ash and pumice that are produced blanket the landscape for many miles around the volcano. \u00a0A heavy fall of ash and pumice destroyed the town of Pompeii during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. \u00a0The accumulation of ash and pumice averaged a depth of about twenty feet and left only the tops of the taller buildings protruding above it. \u00a0Because the town was completely abandoned after the eruption and the building tops that remained above the ash eventually weathered away, Pompeii was for a time completely lost. \u00a0(166-167)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Cities and towns can also be completely buried when a thick and swiftly flowing slurry of hot mud \u2014 called a lahar<\/em> \u2014 is formed from a combination of volcanic ash with rain or rapidly melting snow. \u00a0Herculaneum wasn\u2019t buried by ash from the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius. \u00a0It survived that, only to be buried sixty to seventy feet deep by a lahar shortly thereafter. \u00a0In 1886, when the Tarawera volcano erupted on the North Island of New Zealand, the village of Wairoa was buried under seven feet of volcanic mud; the villages of Moura and Te Ariki disappeared completely, with all of their inhabitants, under seventy-five feet of lahar. \u00a0At about 11 PM on 13 November 1985, a relatively small eruption from the Nevada del Ruiz volcano \u2014 see the photograph in the previous entry in this series<\/a>\u00a0 \u2014 sent a lahar down upon the city of Armero. \u00a0Within just a few minutes, roughly twenty-five thousand people had been buried alive.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 I press forward with the notes that I\u2019m primarily taking from an article written by my longtime friend Bart Kowallis about the natural catastrophe described in the Book of Mormon as having occurred in the New World at the death of Christ: \u00a0Bart J. Kowallis, \u201cIn the Thirty and Fourth Year: A Geologist\u2019s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1019,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1341,8834,56,8841,8844,8529,8520,1356,1353,8526,8556,1350,4640,8838,1050,1369,8837,8831,1347,3838,8825,8828,3178,8531,8822],"class_list":["post-83330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-3-nephi","tag-bart","tag-book-of-mormon","tag-burial","tag-buried","tag-cataclysm","tag-catastrophe","tag-christ","tag-destruction","tag-devastation","tag-drought","tag-earthquake","tag-fire","tag-flood","tag-geology","tag-jesus","tag-kowallis","tag-lightning","tag-seismology","tag-storm","tag-tempest","tag-thunder","tag-volcanism","tag-volcano","tag-whirlwind"],"yoast_head":"\nGeology and Third Nephi (10): Cities Burned, Buried, and Drowned (Part Two)<\/title>\n<meta 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