{"id":85130,"date":"2020-05-15T16:05:26","date_gmt":"2020-05-15T22:05:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/danpeterson\/?p=85130"},"modified":"2020-05-15T23:52:48","modified_gmt":"2020-05-16T05:52:48","slug":"two-or-three-very-different-conquests-of-jerusalem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/danpeterson\/2020\/05\/two-or-three-very-different-conquests-of-jerusalem.html","title":{"rendered":"Two (or three) very different conquests of Jerusalem"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<\/head>

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Qubbat<\/a>
Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives, with the golden Dome of the Rock (one of the holiest buildings in the world for Muslims) in the foreground, sitting on or very near the place on the Temple Mount where the ancient Jerusalem Temple probably once stood, and, in the distance beyond it, the gray dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher (perhaps the holiest building in the world for hundreds of millions of Catholic and Orthodox Christians). \u00a0The al-Aqsa Mosque is also located on the Temple Mount, southwards, out of the photograph to the left.
(Wikimedia Commons public domain image)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

I liked this passage from\u00a0Graham E. Fuller, A World Without Islam<\/em> (New York, Boston, and London: Little, Brown and Company, 2010):<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

When the troops of the First Crusade finally reached Jerusalem in 1099, reconquest was a brutal affair, in extraordinary contrast to the manner i which Jerusalem fell to disciplined Arab forces some five hundred years earlier. \u00a0In 637 CE [= AD], we recall the second Caliph \u2018Umar had personally entered the city after a siege of many months; Arab troop discipline was maintained and the city was not pillaged, in accordance with a treaty \u2018Umar had signed with the patriarch of Jerusalem at the time of surrender. \u00a0In reference to the Christians, that treaty had stated that<\/span><\/p>\n

their churches are not to be taken, nor are they to be destroyed, nor are they to be degraded or belittled, neither are their crosses or their money, and they are not to be forced to change their religion, nor is any one of them to be harmed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jewish sources furthermore report that \u2018Umar was shocked at the condition of the ruins of the Jewish temple, which had been turned into a garbage heap under the Romans; since the site was sacred for Muslims as well, \u2018Umar personally helped clean the site by hand along with his men. \u00a0Jews were allowed to practice Judaism in the city for the first time since their expulsion by the Romans some five hundred years earlier.<\/span><\/p>\n

But the capture of Jerusalem by the first crusader forces in 1099 was quite a different story. \u00a0Jews, who feared the arrival of Christian rule, fought on the Muslim side in defense of the city, but to no avail. \u00a0After a long and costly siege, the crusaders broke into the city on 15 July and in a twenty-four-hour period murdered virtually every single inhabitant \u2014 men, women, and children, Muslim, Jew, and most Eastern Orthodox Christians \u2014 probably around sixty thousand people. \u00a0This included thousands of Jews taking refuge in their synagogue, and many thousands more Muslims in the al-Aqsa mosque. \u00a0The Catholic Encyclopedia<\/em> reports tersely: \u201cthe Christians entered Jerusalem from all sides and slew its inhabitants regardless of age or sex.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Fulcher of Chartres, a crusader who participated in the conquest, wrote: \u00a0\u201cIndeed, if you had been there you would have seen our feet coloured to our ankles with the blood of the slain. \u00a0But what more shall I relate? \u00a0None of them were left alive; neither women nor children were spared.\u201d \u00a0(100-101)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"The<\/a>
An aerial view of the Haram al-Sharif or Temple Mount, looking northward, with the grey-domed Mosque of Al-Aqsa in the foreground and the blue and golden Dome of the Rock behind it. \u00a0The Church of the Holy Sepulcher is located out of the photograph to the left.
(Wikimedia Commons public domain photograph)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

I wrote an article for the Deseret News<\/em> back in 2013 that is relevant here:<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cHere are 2 examples of Muslim respect for Christian churches\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 I liked this passage from\u00a0Graham E. Fuller, A World Without Islam (New York, Boston, and London: Little, Brown and Company, 2010): \u00a0 When the troops of the First Crusade finally reached Jerusalem in 1099, reconquest was a brutal affair, in extraordinary contrast to the manner i which Jerusalem fell to disciplined Arab forces […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1019,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[11593,11584,1029,11590,446,11587,987,990,11596,1658],"class_list":["post-85130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-al-aqsa","tag-crusader","tag-crusades","tag-first-crusade","tag-jerusalem","tag-omar","tag-saladin","tag-salah-al-din","tag-temple-mount","tag-umar"],"yoast_head":"\nTwo (or three) very different conquests of Jerusalem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"    I liked this passage from\u00a0Graham E. 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