{"id":45026,"date":"2020-02-28T14:12:52","date_gmt":"2020-02-28T18:12:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?p=45026"},"modified":"2020-02-28T14:12:52","modified_gmt":"2020-02-28T18:12:52","slug":"clarification-on-heretical-eastern-patriarchs-260-715","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/02\/clarification-on-heretical-eastern-patriarchs-260-715.html","title":{"rendered":"Clarification on Heretical Eastern Patriarchs (260-715)"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-45038\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/572\/2020\/02\/ConstantinopleWalls.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">It was reported to me that someone (presumably Orthodox) caught wind of my chart of heretical Eastern Patriarchs (seen in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/02\/roman-see-as-historic-standard-bearer-of-orthodoxy.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">this paper of mine<\/a>, with my commentary). I will reproduce the chart below and then interact with his criticisms (his words in <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">blue<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*****<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>A Chart of Heretical Eastern Patriarchs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p><center><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Patriarchal See \/ Patriarch \/ Years \/ Heresy<\/span><\/strong><\/center>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Paul of Samosata\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">260-269<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Modalist<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Eulalius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">c. 322\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Arian<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Euphronius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">c. 327-c. 329<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Arian<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #800040;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Eusebius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">341-42<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Arian<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Macedonius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">342-60<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Semi-Arian<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Leontius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">344-58\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Arian<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Alexandria<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0George\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">357-61\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Arian<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Eudoxius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">358-60<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Arian<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Eudoxius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">360\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Arian<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Euzoius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">361-78\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Arian<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Nestorius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">428-31<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Nestorian!<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Alexandria<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Dioscorus\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">448-51<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Alexandria\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Timothy Aelurus\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">457-60, 475-77<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Peter the Fuller\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">470, 475-7, 482-88<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Acacius<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u00a0471-89<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0John Codonatus\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">477, 488<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Alexandria\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Peter Mongo\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">477-90<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Palladius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">488-98<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Phravitas\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">489-90\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Euphemius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">490-96<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Alexandria<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Athanasius II\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">490-96<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Alexandria<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0John II\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">496-505<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Alexandria<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0John III\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">505-518\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Timothy I\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">511-17<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Severus\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">512-18<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Alexandria<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Timothy III\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">518-35\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #8000ff;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Anthimus\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">535-36<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Alexandria<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Theodosius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">535-38<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Sergius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">c. 542-c. 557<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Paul \u201cthe Black\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">c. 557-578<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Alexandria<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Damianus<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u00a0570-c. 605\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Peter Callinicum\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">578-91<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monophysite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Sergius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">610-38<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monothelite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Anthanasius<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u00a0c. 621-629\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monothelite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Alexandria\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cyrus\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">c. 630-642<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monothelite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Pyrrhus\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">638-41\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monothelite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Macedonius<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u00a0640-c. 655<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monothelite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Paul II\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">641-52<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monothelite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Peter\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">652-64<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monothelite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Antioch<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Macarius\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">c. 655-681<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Monothelite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Constantinople<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0John VI\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">711-15\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monothelite<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">First, I note you are not very scrupulous about citing what you lift\u00a0verbatim, or even about checking its truth before posting it.\u00a0 You have<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">plagiarized this list and text from the site of well-known web-warrior\u00a0and all-round hack, Dave Armstrong.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">They are also factually incorrect.\u00a0 For a start, its Antiochene lineage\u00a0immediately after Severus (Sergius c.542-c.557; Paul \u201cthe Black\u201d<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">c.557-578; Peter Callinicum 578-91) is false.\u00a0\u00a0 These were not\u00a0Patriarchs of Antioch, but interlopers of the lineage of James Baradaeus<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">of Edessa.\u00a0\u00a0 The recognized Patriarchs of Antioch of this time were:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Paul II\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 519-521 d. ?<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Euphrasius\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 521-526<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Ephraim\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 527-545<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Domnus III\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 545-559<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">St. Anastasius I\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 559-570 d. 598<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Gregory I\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 570-593<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">St. Anastasius I (restored) 593-598<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">You can<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030217022006\/http:\/\/www.hostkingdom.net\/orthodox.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">confirm this list<\/a><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> at the Antiochian Archdiocese Website<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">. Your list does the same thing\u00a0with the Alexandrian See, by including under the Chalcedonian succession\u00a0Prelates of the Coptic succession (e.g. Damianos 570-c.605).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Secondly, the putative Armstrong\u2019s (I am not sure he even wrote it and\u00a0not one of his stooges) method of gauging the orthodoxy of the East \u201cas\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">represented by its three greatest bishops,\u201d is plainly ridiculous,\u00a0because it pays no attention to the internal dynamics between the\u00a0bishops of the Eastern Church who were divided over how to interpret\u00a0Nicea and Chalcedon.\u00a0 The two (Constantinople, Antioch) of the East\u2019s \u201cthree\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">greatest bishops\u201d almost always fell prey to Imperial attempts at\u00a0fostering unity with an Alexandria bent on rejecting the Nestorian tone\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">of Chalcedon (particularly its Leonine contributions).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">But this does not mean that all Antiochene or Constantinopolitan bishops succumbed to\u00a0the view of the Patriarch the emperor had placed over them.\u00a0 They did not.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Of course. I never said that they\u00a0<em>did<\/em>\u00a0(which doesn\u2019t take a rocket scientist to conclude). One must read my writing (and\u00a0<em>any<\/em>\u00a0writing) in context. I made it very clear what I was attempting to argue. For example, I stated:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Both East and West acknowledge wrongdoing in the tragic events leading up to 1054 when the schism finalized. Nevertheless, it is undeniably true that the West (and especially the Roman See) had a much more solid and consistent record of\u00a0<i>orthodoxy<\/i>. For example, the Eastern Church split off from Rome and the Catholic Church on at least six occasions before 1054:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Arian schisms (343-98)<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">The controversy over St. John Chrysostom (404-415)<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Acacian schism (484-519)<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Concerning Monothelitism (640-681)<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Concerning Iconoclasm (726-87 and 815-43)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This adds up to 231 out of 500 years in schism (46% of the time)! In\u00a0<i>every case<\/i>, Rome was on the right side of the debate in terms of what was later considered \u201corthodox\u201d by\u00a0<i>both sides<\/i>. Thus, the East clearly needed the West and the papacy and Rome in order to be ushered back to orthodoxy.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">I was comparing the record of the Roman See, as exemplified by the\u00a0pope, with the great Eastern Sees, as exemplified by the\u00a0<em>patriarchs<\/em>. One can always find heresies and heretics amongst the laity; that was not what I was writing about. I was writing about the leadership. Thus, accordingly, I wrote:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">All three of the great Eastern sees were under the\u00a0<b>jurisdiction<\/b>\u00a0of heretical patriarchs . . .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. . .\u00a0 the sees suffered\u00a0<b>under the yoke<\/b>\u00a0of a heterodox \u201cshepherd\u201d . . .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. . . sees burdened with sub-orthodox ecclesiastical\u00a0<b>leaders<\/b>\u00a0. . .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. . . the East, as\u00a0<b>represented\u00a0<\/b>by its three greatest bishops . . .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. . . the\u00a0<b>patriarchs\u00a0<\/b>of Constantinople, Alexandria, and Antioch were outside the Catholic orthodox faith . . .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">No such scandal occurred in Rome, where, as we have seen, heresy was vigilantly attacked by the\u00a0<b>popes<\/b>\u00a0and local\u00a0<b>Synods<\/b>, and never took hold of the\u00a0<b>papacy<\/b>\u00a0(not even in the ubiquitous \u201chard cases\u201d of Honorius, Vigilius, and Liberius \u2014 none having defined heretical doctrines infallibly for the entire Church to believe).\u00a0<i>Rome never succumbed to heresy<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[all emphases added presently]<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">I was replying specifically to the\u00a0anti-Catholic\u00a0sorts of Orthodox who try to make out that Eastern Christianity is uniquely and exclusively apostolic, while denying that attribute to the West and Rome (they claim that Rome \u201cfell away\u201d from Orthodoxy, while they have kept it going).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Following this purpose, I carefully constructed a counter-argument (what this person conceives as the activities of a \u201cweb-warrior,\u201d I guess), demonstrating the prevalence of heresy in the East, whereas it was always opposed at Rome, citing Newman\u2019s famous comments on the <em>Robber Council<\/em> and the\u00a0<em>Henoticon<\/em>, and presenting my \u201cnotorious\u201d chart of heretical patriarchs. This is\u00a0<strong><em>not<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0an attack on\u00a0<em>Orthodoxy per se<\/em>. Rather, it is a reply the anti-Catholic Orthodox (a minority position in Orthodoxy) denial of Catholic apostolicity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A key phrase occurs in the citation by Cardinal Newman:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>If the East could determine a matter of faith independently of the West,<\/b>\u00a0certainly the Monophysite heresy was established as Apostolic truth in all its provinces from Macedonia to Egypt . . . [my bolding]<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Despite all this \u201cinternal evidence,\u201d so to speak, critics such as this one, who can only view me as a\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201chack\u201d<\/span> because I have an honest and sincere disagreement with his position (while not at all denying his sincerity or Christian status), will be unable to see what I was doing, if they refuse to examine context\u00a0and my\u00a0purposes\u00a0in the paper, which were repeatedly expressed quite clearly and openly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Also, kindly note that Councils were not automatically considered\u00a0Ecumenical in the Church\u2019s consciousness straight off the bat, but by process and debate that culminated in their eventual confirmation by the\u00a0next Council. This is how Robber Councils are weeded out. While in hindsight we might credit Rome with formally having stayed loyal to\u00a0Nicea and Chalcedon, and condemn certain Eastern prelates with not having done so, this in many ways is a simplistic dichotomy. The fact\u00a0is that the theological work and agitation that fermented in the East\u00a0after these councils was formative to the reading applied to Nicea and\u00a0Chalcedon by their immediately succeeding Councils and corrective of the\u00a0modalist or Nestorian Roman readings of them that Easterners found so\u00a0disturbing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>It depends on\u00a0who\u00a0is making the list of patriarchs, I reckon (somewhat like the controversies with three \u201cpopes\u201d in the middle ages). The website, <a href=\"http:\/\/sor.cua.edu\/Patriarchate\/PatriarchsChronList.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Syriac Orthodox Resources<\/em><\/a> gives a different account, agreeing with mine.<\/p>\n<p><em>Catholic Encyclopedia<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/01567a.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u201cThe Church of Antioch,\u201d<\/a> states:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In the latter part of the fifth century the Monophisites, under Peter Fullo, endeavoured to take possession of the patriarchal see. After the death of their leader Severus (539) they elected their own patriarchs of Antioch.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>As an analogous example, the first site above cites the Arian succession of patriarchs of Antioch:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The Arians took\u00a0control of the See of\u00a0Antioch and appointed\u00a0the following\u00a0Patriarchs:<\/p>\n<p>Eulalius\u00a0331-333<br>\nEuphornius\u00a0333-334<br>\nPhilaclus\u00a0334-342<br>\nStephanos\u00a0342-344<br>\nLeonce\u00a0344-357<br>\nEudoxyos\u00a0358-359<br>\nEuzoios\u00a0360<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>But the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America gives the following list, which it calls the <a href=\"http:\/\/ww1.antiochian.org\/patofant\/primates\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u201cPrimates of the Apostolic See of Antioch (Orthodox Succession)\u201d<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p>25 325 The Episcopacy of Eustathius in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>26 332 The Episcopacy of Paulinus in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>27 332 The Episcopacy of Eulalius (5 months) in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>28 333 The Episcopacy of Euphronius in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>29 334 The Episcopacy of Placentius in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>30 341 The Episcopacy of Stephanus in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>31 345 The Episcopacy of Leontius in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>32 350 The Episcopacy of Eudoxius in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>33 354 The Episcopacy of Meletius in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>34 354 The Episcopacy of Eudoxius in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>35 357 The Episcopacy of Annias (a.k.a. Ammianus) in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>36 360 The Episcopacy of Eudozius in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>37 370 The Episcopacy of Dorotheus in Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>The first site appears to be a Monophysite group, but it calls itself \u201cOrthodox\u201d (Catholics understand that problem; we are plagued by heterodox who call themselves \u201cCatholic\u201d too). The second is, presumably, \u201cOrthodox\u201d by today\u2019s standards of the major \u201corthodox\u201d groupings of Orthodoxy, yet in its list it doesn\u2019t appear to recognize that many of what it calls the \u201corthodox\u201d patriarchs were, in fact, Arian (!!). Beyond that, the two lists contradict (not greatly, but somewhat, so that there is a question of actual succession).<\/p>\n<p>How is an outsider to know which to choose, who is orthodox, and who were the actual patriarchs? The Monophysites claim that they had control of the see in the latter 6th century; the Orthodox simply revise the list and put in Chalcedonian patriarchs (who might have been in exile, underground, or in prison, for all we know). It is a matter of definition, of who holds an office, and what that means. One could define it politically, in terms of actual \u201cpolitical\u201d power, or theologically (the leading and most influential orthodox local figure). This is an (altogether typical) Orthodox internal fight, not mine.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mliles.com\/melkite\/patriarchslist.shtml\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><em>Melkite Greek Catholic Church Information Center<\/em><\/a>\u00a0agrees with the second list above, but again, makes no mention that seven or so patriarchs in a row in Antioch were Arian. We are informed, however, that:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Melkite Church tradition maintains that the See of Antioch was founded by The Holy, Glorious and Illustrious Prince of the Apostles Peter in 45. Then, The Holy, Glorious and Illustrious Prince of the Apostles Peter was the first Patriarch of Antioch. The first successor to Holy, Glorious and Illustrious Prince of the Apostles Peter was Euodius. After seven years in 53, The Holy, Glorious and Illustrious Prince of the Apostles Peter appointed Euodiusto succeed him as bishop of Antioch when Holy, Glorious and Illustrious Prince of the Apostles Peter began his trip to Rome. Then, Euodius was the second Patriarch of Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>The second successor to Holy, Glorious and Illustrious Prince of the Apostles Peter was Holy Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer (St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch). In 68, he may have been appointed by and or consecrated by The Holy, Glorious and Illustrious Prince of the Apostles Peter or the Holy, Glorious and Illustrious Prince of the Apostles Paul. Then, Holy Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer was the third Patriarch of Antioch.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>And so it gives the entire listing with no mention whatsoever of the Arian domination of the patriarchate in the fourth century.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcebooks.fordham.edu\/byzantium\/texts\/byzpatant.asp\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Byzantine Studies Page<\/em><\/a>\u00a0gives the following list, which at least presents the fact that rival claimants existed, and mentions some heretics. Note that in 375, two or three rival patriarchs claimed the episcopacy, thus reflecting the situation of the Catholic Great Schism, of which much is always made by critics of the Catholic Church (and this, too, is claimed to be a Petrine succession):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>324 or 325 \u2013 330\u00a0 Eustathios<br>\n330 [six months]\u00a0\u00a0 Paulinos II<br>\n331-332\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eulalios<br>\n332-333\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Euphronios<br>\n333-342?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Flakillos<br>\n342-344\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stephen I<br>\n344-358\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Leontios<br>\n358-359\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eudoxios<br>\n359\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Annanios<br>\n360-381\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Meletios<br>\n360-376\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Euzo\u00efos [Arian]<br>\n362-388\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paulinos II [Catholic]<br>\n375?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vital [Apollinarist]<br>\n376-381?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dorotheos [Arian]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I\u2019m supposed to figure all this out, and then get accused of being a \u201chack\u201d and (by strong implication) intellectually dishonest and incompetent as an apologist because I (gasp!) chose one list over another, when such confusion is manifest?<\/p>\n<p>The same site lists rival \u201cJacobite Patriarchs\u201d as opposed to \u201cMelkite\u201d:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>557\/558-about 561\u00a0 Sergios of Teila<br>\n564-577\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paul the Black<br>\n581-591\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Peter of Kallinikos<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The\u00a0<em>Catholic Encyclopedia<\/em>\u00a0(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/11549a.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u201cPatriarch and Patriarchate\u201d<\/a>) perhaps can alleviate some of this confusion:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>At the time of Cerularius\u2019s schism (1054) the great Church of the empire knew practically these five patriarchs only, though \u201cminor\u201d patriarchates had already begun in the West. The Eighth General Council (Constantinople IV, in 869) had solemnly affirmed their position (can. xxi). The schism, and further distinctions that would not have existed but for it, considerably augmented the number of bishops who claimed the title.<\/p>\n<p>But before the great schism the earlier Nestorian and Monophysite separations had resulted in the existence of various heretical patriarchs. To be under a patriarch had come to be the normal, apparently necessary, condition for any Church. So it was natural that these heretics when they broke from the Catholic patriarchs should sooner or later set up rivals of their own. But in most cases they have been neither consistent nor logical. Instead of being merely an honourable title for the occupants of the five chief sees, the name patriarch was looked upon as denoting a rank of its own.<\/p>\n<p>So there was the idea that one might be patriarch of any place. We shall understand the confusion of this idea if we imagine some sect setting up a Pope of London or New York in opposition to the Pope of Rome. The Nestorians broke away from Antioch in the fifth century. They then called their catholicus (originally a vicar of the Antiochene pontiff), patriarch; though he has never claimed to be Patriarch of Antioch, which alone would have given a reason for his title. Bab\u00e6us (Bab-Hai, 498-503) is said to be the first who usurped the title, as Patriarch of Seleucia and Ctesiphon (Assemani, \u201cBibl. Orient.\u201d, III, 427). The Copts and Jacobites have been more consistent.<\/p>\n<p>During the long Monophysite quarrels (fifth to seventh cent.) there were continually rival or alternate Catholic and Monophysite patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch. Eventually, since the Moslem conquest of Egypt and Syria, rival lines were formed. So there is a line of Coptic patriarchs of Alexandria and of Jacobite patriarchs of Antioch as rivals to the Melchite ones. But in this case each claims to represent the old line and refuses to recognize its rivals, which is a possible position.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>As a representative example of one of the individuals under dispute, I cite:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Dictionary_of_Christian_Biography_and_Literature_to_the_End_of_the_Sixth_Century\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><em>A Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies<\/em><\/a>, edited by Henry Wace, D.D. &amp; William C, Piercy, M.A., Hendrickson Publishers, Inc. edition \/\u00a0ISBN: 1-56563-460-8 \/\u00a0reprinted from the edition originally published by John Murray, London, 1911.<\/p>\n<p>Entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Dictionary_of_Christian_Biography_and_Literature_to_the_End_of_the_Sixth_Century\/Paulus,_the_Black\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u201cPaulus the Black\u201d<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Paulus (11), surnamed The Black, Jacobite patriarch of Antioch from about the middle of 6th cent. to 578, was a native of Alexandria (Assem. B. O. ii. 331) and, like most Egyptians, a Monophysite. Before he became bishop he maintained at Constantinople a successful public dispute in the patriarchal palace with the Tritheites Conon and Eugenius (ib. 329). Either Mennas or Eutychius must then have been patriarch. Paul was probably then syncellus to Theodosius, the Jacobite patriarch of Alexandria, who was in nominal exile at Constantinople, but exercising full authority over the Jacobite congregations there and in Egypt. Paul\u2019s connexion with Theodosius, and his success as a disputant, marked him out for the titular see of Antioch and the patriarchate of the whole Monophysite body, then beginning to be called Jacobites, and he was consecrated by Jacob Baradaeus himself who originated the name. We cannot feel sure that this was before 550. Paul appears in a list of celebrities flourishing in 571 . . . In 578 a new patriarch of Antioch, Peter of Callinicus, was appointed, and Paul withdrew into concealment at Constantinople, where he died in 582, as detailed by John of Ephesus.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>This is sufficient to answer the charge. There were rival claimants. I cited the line of succession known as the \u201cJacobites.\u201d At the time I wrote the original piece (between 1991 and 1994) I wasn\u2019t aware of the two simultaneous lines (one wouldn\u2019t know about it by looking over most \u201clists\u201d \u2014 excepting the one on the <em>Byzantine Studies Page<\/em>); now I\u00a0am. It was an honest and understandable mistake (to the extent that I was mistaken at all \u2014 I\u2019m not convinced).<\/p>\n<p>Now that I have found additional clarifying information, I have promptly added it to my website, and I have reproduced the comments of my critic. I dare say that is more \u201chonest\u201d and \u201cethical\u201d than the way\u00a0I\u00a0was treated by\u00a0<em>him<\/em>\u00a0(called an \u201call-round hack,\u201d etc.).<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Related Reading<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/02\/roman-see-as-historic-standard-bearer-of-orthodoxy.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Roman See as Historic Standard-Bearer of Orthodoxy (+ the Ecclesiological Absurdity of Anti-Catholic-Type Eastern Orthodox Arguments Against Roman Primacy &amp; Apostolicity)<\/a>\u00a0[1997]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2017\/01\/reflections-sack-constantinople-1204-lesser-known-byzantine-atrocities.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sack of Constantinople (1204) &amp; Unknown Byzantine Atrocities\u00a0<\/a>[1998]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/02\/anti-catholic-orthodox-claims-of-exclusive-apostolic-succession.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Anti-Catholic Orthodox Claims of Exclusive Apostolic Succession<\/a>\u00a0[Nov. 1998; revised in 2004]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/02\/caesaropapism-in-orthodoxy-the-byzantine-empire.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Caesaropapism in Orthodoxy &amp; the Byzantine Empire<\/a>\u00a0[2000]<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Unfortunately, Money Trees Do Not Exist<\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0If you have been aided in any way by my work, or think it is valuable and worthwhile, please strongly consider financially supporting it (even $10 \/ month \u2014 a mere 33 cents a day \u2014 would be very helpful). I have been a full-time Catholic apologist since Dec. 2001, and have been writing Christian apologetics since 1981 (see\u00a0<a class=\"decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2006\/07\/my-literary-resume.html\" target=\"_blank\">my Resume<\/a>).\u00a0My work has been proven (by God\u2019s grace alone) to be fruitful, in terms of changing lives (see the tangible evidences\u00a0<a class=\"decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2019\/07\/fruit-156-reasons-why-catholic-apologetics-is-a-good-thing.html\" target=\"_blank\">from unsolicited \u201ctestimonies\u201d<\/a>).\u00a0I have to pay my bills like all of you: and have a (homeschooling) wife and two children still at home to provide for, and a mortgage to pay.<\/div>\n<div>*<\/div>\n<div>My book royalties from<a class=\"decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/collections\/apologetics-bestsellers-numerous-topics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u00a0three bestsellers in the field<\/a>\u00a0(published in 2003-2007) have been decreasing, as has my overall income, making it increasingly difficult to make ends meet.\u00a0 I provide over 2700 free articles here, for the purpose of your edification and education, and have\u00a0<a class=\"decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2009\/06\/dave-armstrongs-catholic-apologetics-bookstore-49-books-paperback-e-pub-mobi-nook-book-amazon-kindle-itunes-pdf-rock-bottom-regular-prices-67-savings-for-e-books-2.html\" target=\"_blank\">written 50 books<\/a>.\u00a0It\u2019ll literally be a struggle to survive financially until Dec. 2020, when both my wife and I will be receiving Social Security. If you cannot contribute, I ask for your prayers (and \u201clikes\u201d and links and shares). Thanks!<\/div>\n<div>*<\/div>\n<div>See my\u00a0<a class=\"decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2015\/08\/about-dave-armstrong-2.html\" target=\"_blank\">information on how to donate<\/a>\u00a0(including 100% tax-deductible donations). It\u2019s very simple to contribute to my apostolate via PayPal, if a tax deduction is not needed (my \u201cbusiness name\u201d there is called \u201cCatholic Used Book Service,\u201d from my old bookselling days 17 or so years ago, but send to my email: apologistdave@gmail.com). Another easy way to send and receive money (with a bank account or a mobile phone) is through\u00a0<a class=\"decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zellepay.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Zelle<\/a>. Again, just send to my e-mail address.\u00a0May God abundantly bless you.<\/div>\n<div>*<\/div>\n<div>***<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>(originally uploaded on 7 January 2003)<\/div>\n<div>*<\/div>\n<div><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Photo Credit:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw decorated-link\" title=\"en:User:Bigdaddy1204\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/User:Bigdaddy1204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">en:User:Bigdaddy1204<\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(June 2006).\u00a0Restored section of the Walls of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul).<\/span> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Walls_of_Constantinople.JPG\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Wikipedia<\/a> \/\u00a0<a class=\"extiw decorated-link\" title=\"w:en:Creative Commons\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/en:Creative_Commons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Creative Commons<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"external text decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/deed.en\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported<\/a>\u00a0license]<\/div>\n<div>*<\/div>\n<div>***<\/div>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It was reported to me that someone (presumably Orthodox) caught wind of my chart of heretical Eastern Patriarchs (seen in this paper of mine, with my commentary). I will reproduce the chart below and then interact with his criticisms (his words in blue). ***** A Chart of Heretical Eastern Patriarchs Patriarchal See \/ Patriarch \/ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2331,"featured_media":45038,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[808],"tags":[4967,598,10319,1131,1132,7396,809,3820,310,2813,245,2364,163,3232,570,10322,161,10325,7390,1130,162,1133,1653,324,1129],"class_list":["post-45026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eastern-orthodoxy","tag-4967","tag-apostolic-succession","tag-apostolicity","tag-bible-papacy","tag-biblical-authority","tag-biblical-ecclesiology","tag-bishops","tag-christian-church","tag-christian-unity","tag-church-offices","tag-early-church","tag-eastern-orthodoxy","tag-ecclesiology","tag-hierarchical-church","tag-orthodoxy","tag-orthodoxy-apostolicity","tag-papacy","tag-patriarchs","tag-patristic-ecclesiology","tag-petrine-primacy","tag-popes","tag-primacy-of-rome","tag-roman-primacy","tag-schism","tag-st-peter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Clarification on Heretical Eastern Patriarchs (260-715)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Someone (presumably Orthodox) caught wind of my chart of heretical Eastern Patriarchs. I reproduced the chart and interacted in some depth with his harsh and insulting criticisms.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/02\/clarification-on-heretical-eastern-patriarchs-260-715.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Clarification on Heretical Eastern Patriarchs (260-715)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Someone (presumably Orthodox) caught wind of my chart of heretical Eastern Patriarchs. 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Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dave.armstrong.798\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@LuxVeritatisApologetics\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Clarification on Heretical Eastern Patriarchs (260-715)","description":"Someone (presumably Orthodox) caught wind of my chart of heretical Eastern Patriarchs. 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Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \"This Rock\" (now called \"Catholic Answers Magazine\"), \"Envoy Magazine\" (Patrick Madrid), \"The Catholic Answer,\" \"The Coming Home Journal,\" \"Gilbert Magazine\" (American Chesterton Society), and \"The Latin Mass.\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \"The Michigan Catholic\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \"Envoy Magazine.\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \"Catholic Answers Live\" (twice), \"Faith and Family Live\" (Steve Wood), \"Kresta in the Afternoon,\" \"Son Rise Morning Show,\" \"Catholic Connection\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \"The Catholics Next Door.\" His large and popular website, \"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \"Envoy Magazine.\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \"index\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \"Surprised by Truth\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \"The Catholic Verses\" (2004), \"The One-Minute Apologist\" (2007), \"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\" (2009), \"The Quotable Newman\" (editor: 2012), and \"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \"The New Catholic Answer Bible\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \"Quotable Wesley\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. 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