{"id":49663,"date":"2020-07-09T18:13:49","date_gmt":"2020-07-09T22:13:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?p=49663"},"modified":"2020-07-09T18:13:49","modified_gmt":"2020-07-09T22:13:49","slug":"demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html","title":{"rendered":"Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible &#038; Science)"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49666\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/572\/2020\/07\/JesusPossessedMan.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"626\" height=\"768\"><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Matthew 17:15, 18<\/strong>\u00a0(RSV) \u201cLord, have mercy on my son, for he is an epileptic and he suffers terribly; for often he falls into the fire, and often into the water.\u201d . . . [18] And Jesus rebuked him, and the demon came out of him, and the boy was cured instantly.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>This is interesting, since it implies that epilepsy is caused by a demon, whereas we know that it has natural causes. This translation and many others (as we shall see) insinuate that it is the equivalent of demonic possession. For example, the Moffatt, 20th Century, and Weymouth versions have \u201cepileptic\u201d here, while KJV, Rheims, and Young\u2019s Literal have \u201clunatic[k].\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The older translations got it right, I think. But \u201clunatic\u201d is a very unfashionable word. Of course, it derived from observable patterns of change of behavior based on the lunar cycle, which actually has some basis (we know that the moon affects the ocean tides as well).<\/p>\n<p>I would argue, then, that the older and more literal (and Catholic) translations are more consistent with both biblical and scientific thinking, while those that select \u201cepileptic\u201d here are less coherent on both scores.<\/p>\n<p>The Greek word in question is Strong\u2019s #4583: <em>seleniazomai<\/em>. <em>Strong\u2019s Concordance<\/em> defines it as \u201ccrazy; lunatic.\u201d <em>Thayer\u2019s Lexicon <\/em>does mention \u201cepileptic,\u201d stating that it was influenced by the moon. But then that is more evidence of natural cause, which is different from demonic cause, and in this instance, a demon was cast out.<\/p>\n<p>A. T. Robertson\u2019s <em>Word Pictures in the New Testament<\/em> wants to have it both ways:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Epileptic. . . Literally, \u201cmoonstruck,\u201d \u201clunatic.\u201d The symptoms of epilepsy were supposed to be aggravated by the changes of the moon (cf. John 4:24 ).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><em>Vincent\u2019s Word Studies<\/em> also curiously omits mention that a demon was cast out, curing this boy:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Is lunatic ( \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u0301\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 )<\/p>\n<p>Rev., epileptic. The A. V. preserves the etymology of the word (\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u0301\u03bd\u03b7 , the moon) but lunatic conveys to us the idea of demented; while the Rev. epileptic gives the true character of the disease, yet does not tell us the fact contained in the Greek word, that epilepsy was supposed to be affected by the changes of the moon. See on Matthew 4:24.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><em>Vine\u2019s Expository Dictionary<\/em> states similarly. All these standard sources can be read online. The famous commentator Matthew Henry (Presbyterian) offers a fascinating (and, in my opinion, superior) \u201cmixed\u201d view:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The nature of this child\u2019s disease was very sad; He was lunatic and sore vexed. A lunatic is properly one whose distemper lies in the brain, and returns with the change of the moon. The devil, by the divine permission, either caused this distemper, or at least concurred with it, to heighten and aggravate it. The child had the falling-sickness, and the hand of Satan was in it; by it he tormented then, and made it much more grievous than ordinarily it is. Those whom Satan got possession of, he afflicted by those diseases of the body which do most affect the mind; for it is the soul that he aims to do mischief to.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><em>Catholic Commentary <\/em>(Orchard, 1953), likewise, calls the boy a \u201cpossessed epileptic\u201d (I suppose he could have two problems simultaneously). I was curious about other translations:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>lunatic<\/em>: KJV, Rheims, Young\u2019s Literal, NASB, Phillips, Jerusalem, NAB, Confraternity, Knox<\/p>\n<p><em>epileptic<\/em> or <em>epilepsy<\/em>: RSV, Moffatt, 20th Century, Weymouth, NEB, REB, NIV, NRSV, ASV, NKJV, Amplified, Williams, Beck, Goodspeed, Wuest, Barclay, Lamsa<\/p>\n<p><em>subject to fits<\/em>: Kleist &amp; Lilly<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The pattern, then, is older Bibles and Catholic Bibles using \u201clunatic\u201d and Protestant and more recent Bibles using \u201cepileptic.\u201d The exceptions are Phillips and NASB: Protestant versions from the 50s and 60s. I prefer \u201clunatic\u201d: on the basis that it is closer to the notion of\u00a0 \u201cdemon-possessed\u201d than \u201cepileptic\u201d is.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>Related Reading<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/01\/seidensticker-folly-36-disease-jesus-paul-miracles-demons.html\" rel=\"bookmark\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Seidensticker Folly #36: Disease, Jesus, Paul, Miracles, &amp; Demons<\/a><\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p><strong>Photo credit:<\/strong>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em>The Possessed Man in the Synagogue<\/em>, by James Tissot (1836-1902)<\/span> [public domain \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Possessed_Man_in_the_Synagogue_(Le_poss%C3%A9d%C3%A9_dans_la_Synagogue)_-_James_Tissot.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Matthew 17:15, 18\u00a0(RSV) \u201cLord, have mercy on my son, for he is an epileptic and he suffers terribly; for often he falls into the fire, and often into the water.\u201d . . . [18] And Jesus rebuked him, and the demon came out of him, and the boy was cured instantly. This is interesting, since [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2331,"featured_media":49666,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[583,112],"tags":[11498,11489,11507,5932,11501,2437,11492,11495,11504],"class_list":["post-49663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hell-satan-last-things","category-philosophy-science","tag-cast-out-demons","tag-demon-possession","tag-demon-possessed","tag-demoniac","tag-demonic-possession","tag-demons","tag-epilepsy","tag-mental-illness","tag-possessed"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible &amp; Science) Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible &amp; Science)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Matthew 17:15, 18\u00a0(RSV) \u201cLord, have mercy on my son, for he is an epileptic and he suffers terribly; for often he falls into the fire, and often into the Matthew 17:15, 18 (RSV) implies that epilepsy is caused by a demon; but we know it has natural causes. Older translations simply describe this situation as a case of demonic possession.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible &amp; Science) Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible &amp; Science)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Matthew 17:15, 18\u00a0(RSV) \u201cLord, have mercy on my son, for he is an epileptic and he suffers terribly; for often he falls into the fire, and often into the Matthew 17:15, 18 (RSV) implies that epilepsy is caused by a demon; but we know it has natural causes. Older translations simply describe this situation as a case of demonic possession.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-09T22:13:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/572\/2020\/07\/JesusPossessedMan.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"626\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dave Armstrong\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dave Armstrong\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html\",\"name\":\"Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible & Science) Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible & Science)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-09T22:13:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-07-09T22:13:49+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/471eaa20e441eca4bb1ea50393cf632e\"},\"description\":\"Matthew 17:15, 18\u00a0(RSV) \u201cLord, have mercy on my son, for he is an epileptic and he suffers terribly; for often he falls into the fire, and often into the Matthew 17:15, 18 (RSV) implies that epilepsy is caused by a demon; but we know it has natural causes. Older translations simply describe this situation as a case of demonic possession.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible &#038; Science)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/\",\"name\":\"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism\",\"description\":\"Catholic biblical apologetics\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/471eaa20e441eca4bb1ea50393cf632e\",\"name\":\"Dave Armstrong\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/820e6db89734ae7a9e5dac8d498f5ac7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/820e6db89734ae7a9e5dac8d498f5ac7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Dave Armstrong\"},\"description\":\"Dave Armstrong is a Catholic author and apologist, who has been actively proclaiming and defending Christianity since 1981, and Catholicism in particular since 1991 (full-time since December 2001). Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \\\"This Rock\\\" (now called \\\"Catholic Answers Magazine\\\"), \\\"Envoy Magazine\\\" (Patrick Madrid), \\\"The Catholic Answer,\\\" \\\"The Coming Home Journal,\\\" \\\"Gilbert Magazine\\\" (American Chesterton Society), and \\\"The Latin Mass.\\\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \\\"The Michigan Catholic\\\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \\\"Envoy Magazine.\\\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \\\"Catholic Answers Live\\\" (twice), \\\"Faith and Family Live\\\" (Steve Wood), \\\"Kresta in the Afternoon,\\\" \\\"Son Rise Morning Show,\\\" \\\"Catholic Connection\\\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \\\"The Catholics Next Door.\\\" His large and popular website, \\\"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\\\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \\\"Envoy Magazine.\\\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \\\"index\\\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \\\"Surprised by Truth\\\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \\\"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\\\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \\\"The Catholic Verses\\\" (2004), \\\"The One-Minute Apologist\\\" (2007), \\\"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\\\" (2009), \\\"The Quotable Newman\\\" (editor: 2012), and \\\"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\\\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \\\"The New Catholic Answer Bible\\\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \\\"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\\\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \\\"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\\\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \\\"Quotable Wesley\\\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible & Science) Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible & Science)","description":"Matthew 17:15, 18\u00a0(RSV) \u201cLord, have mercy on my son, for he is an epileptic and he suffers terribly; for often he falls into the fire, and often into the Matthew 17:15, 18 (RSV) implies that epilepsy is caused by a demon; but we know it has natural causes. Older translations simply describe this situation as a case of demonic possession.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible & Science) Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible & Science)","og_description":"Matthew 17:15, 18\u00a0(RSV) \u201cLord, have mercy on my son, for he is an epileptic and he suffers terribly; for often he falls into the fire, and often into the Matthew 17:15, 18 (RSV) implies that epilepsy is caused by a demon; but we know it has natural causes. Older translations simply describe this situation as a case of demonic possession.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html","og_site_name":"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism","article_published_time":"2020-07-09T22:13:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":626,"height":768,"url":"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/572\/2020\/07\/JesusPossessedMan.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Dave Armstrong","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Dave Armstrong","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html","name":"Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible & Science) Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible & Science)","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-07-09T22:13:49+00:00","dateModified":"2020-07-09T22:13:49+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/471eaa20e441eca4bb1ea50393cf632e"},"description":"Matthew 17:15, 18\u00a0(RSV) \u201cLord, have mercy on my son, for he is an epileptic and he suffers terribly; for often he falls into the fire, and often into the Matthew 17:15, 18 (RSV) implies that epilepsy is caused by a demon; but we know it has natural causes. Older translations simply describe this situation as a case of demonic possession.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/07\/demonic-possession-or-epilepsy-bible-science.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Demonic Possession or Epilepsy? (Bible &#038; Science)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/","name":"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism","description":"Catholic biblical apologetics","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/471eaa20e441eca4bb1ea50393cf632e","name":"Dave Armstrong","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/820e6db89734ae7a9e5dac8d498f5ac7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/820e6db89734ae7a9e5dac8d498f5ac7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dave Armstrong"},"description":"Dave Armstrong is a Catholic author and apologist, who has been actively proclaiming and defending Christianity since 1981, and Catholicism in particular since 1991 (full-time since December 2001). Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \"This Rock\" (now called \"Catholic Answers Magazine\"), \"Envoy Magazine\" (Patrick Madrid), \"The Catholic Answer,\" \"The Coming Home Journal,\" \"Gilbert Magazine\" (American Chesterton Society), and \"The Latin Mass.\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \"The Michigan Catholic\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \"Envoy Magazine.\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \"Catholic Answers Live\" (twice), \"Faith and Family Live\" (Steve Wood), \"Kresta in the Afternoon,\" \"Son Rise Morning Show,\" \"Catholic Connection\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \"The Catholics Next Door.\" His large and popular website, \"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \"Envoy Magazine.\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \"index\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \"Surprised by Truth\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \"The Catholic Verses\" (2004), \"The One-Minute Apologist\" (2007), \"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\" (2009), \"The Quotable Newman\" (editor: 2012), and \"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \"The New Catholic Answer Bible\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \"Quotable Wesley\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2331"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49663"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49663\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49663"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49663"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}