{"id":72441,"date":"2023-04-10T09:53:57","date_gmt":"2023-04-10T13:53:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?p=72441"},"modified":"2023-04-10T14:23:25","modified_gmt":"2023-04-10T18:23:25","slug":"john-calvin-didnt-oppose-all-religious-images","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2023\/04\/john-calvin-didnt-oppose-all-religious-images.html","title":{"rendered":"John Calvin Didn’t Oppose All Religious Images"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<\/head>

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Sergiusz Michalski wrote in his book, Reformation and the Visual Arts: The Protestant Image Question in Western and Eastern Europe<\/em><\/a>, New York: Routledge, 1993:<\/p>\n

Calvin, somewhat contradictorily, allowed the keeping of holy images in private homes\u2026he left an open field for narrative biblical scenes\u2014especially from the Old Testament\u2014 and for secular art. Of decisive importance was the removal of works of art from the sacral sphere, from places of worship; in profane places an image took on an entirely different meaning\u2026Calvin stated his position clearly: \u2018Certainly, it is permissible to make use of images; however, God wishes his temple to be freed from images. If in a secular place, however, we have a portrait or a representation of animals, this is not harmful to religion\u2026even idols kept in such places are not worshipped\u2019 (pp. 70-71)<\/p>\n

Thus Calvin regarded \u2018histories\u2019 or landscapes as the two main subjects of pictorial art. A similar view was espoused by Zwingli\u2019s successor Heinrich Bullinger in his tract against images of 1539, On the Origin of Divine Worship and of False Images<\/em>. . . .<\/p>\n

Whether his brief suggestions for painting landscapes were that much read or conscientiously followed remains another matter. . . . the influence of Calvin\u2019s directives proved to be not that great in Geneva . . . Thus in 1580 all religious images \u2014 even in printed books \u2014 were banned. (p. 72)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Calvin stated in his Institutes of the Christian Religion<\/em>:<\/p>\n

I am not, however, so superstitious as to think that all visible representations of every kind are unlawful [\u201c. . . of thinking absolutely no images permissible.\u201d]. But as sculpture and painting are gifts of God, what I insist for is, that both shall be used purely and lawfully, \u2013 that gifts which the Lord has bestowed upon us, for his glory and our good, shall not be preposterously abused, nay, shall not be perverted to our destruction. . . .<\/p>\n

The only things, therefore, which ought to be painted or sculptured, are things which can be presented to the eye; the majesty of God, which is far beyond the reach of any eye, must not be dishonored by unbecoming representations. Visible representations are of two classes, viz., historical, which give a representation of events, and pictorial, which merely exhibit bodily shapes and figures. The former are of some use for instruction or admonition. The latter, so far as I can see, are only fitted for amusement. (Book I, ch. 11, sec. 12, in the public domain translation<\/a> of\u00a0Henry Beveridge<\/a>, dated 1846, from the 1559 edition in Latin. Bracketed portion is from the translation of Ford Lewis Battles [Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960], vol. 1, 112)<\/p>\n

But, without reference to the above distinction, let us here consider, whether it is expedient that churches should contain representations of any kind, whether of events or human forms. . . .<\/p>\n

[W]hen I consider the proper end for which churches are erected, it appears to me more unbecoming their sacredness than I well can tell, to admit any other images than those living symbols which the Lord has consecrated by his own word: I mean Baptism and the Lord\u2019s Supper, with the other ceremonies. By these our eyes ought to be more steadily fixed, . . . (Book I, ch. 11, sec. 13)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Related Reading<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Early Protestant Antipathy Towards Art (+ Iconoclasm)<\/a>\u00a0[1991]<\/p>\n

Veneration of Images, Iconoclasm, and Idolatry\u00a0(An Exposition)<\/a>\u00a0[11-15-02]<\/p>\n

Martin Luther on Crucifixes, Images and Statues of Saints, and the Sign of the Cross<\/a>\u00a0[4-15-08]<\/p>\n

Bible on Physical Objects as Aids in Worship\u00a0<\/a>[4-7-09]<\/p>\n

Calvin, Zwingli, and Bullinger vs. Statues of Christ, Crucifixes, & Crosses<\/a>\u00a0[9-19-09]<\/p>\n

Crucifixes: Abominable Idols or Devotional Aids?<\/a>\u00a0[11-10-09]<\/p>\n

\u201cTurretinfan\u201d Calls a Statue of Jesus Christ an \u201cIdol\u201d (While His Buddy Bishop James White Praises the Statues of \u201cReformers\u201d Calvin, Farel, Beza, and Knox)<\/a>\u00a0[6-8-10; rev. 6-24-20]<\/p>\n

Biblical Evidence for Worship of God Via an Image<\/a>\u00a0[6-24-11]<\/p>\n

The Bronze Serpent: Example of Proper Use of Images<\/a>\u00a0[Feb. 2012]<\/p>\n

\u201cGraven Images\u201d: Unbiblical Iconoclasm<\/a>\u00a0(vs. John Calvin)\u00a0[Oct. 2012]<\/p>\n

Biblical Idolatry: Authentic & Counterfeit Conceptions<\/a>\u00a0[2015]<\/p>\n

Should God the Father be Visually Depicted in Paintings?<\/a>\u00a0[2015]<\/p>\n

Worshiping God Through Images is Entirely Biblical<\/a>\u00a0[National Catholic Register<\/em>, 12-23-16]<\/p>\n

The Biblical Understanding of Holy Places and Things<\/a>\u00a0[National Catholic Register<\/em>, 4-11-17]<\/p>\n

\u201cArmstrong vs. Geisler\u201d #9: Images & Relics<\/a>\u00a0[3-2-17]<\/p>\n

Statues in Relation to Bowing, Prayer, & Worship in Scripture<\/a>\u00a0[12-26-17]<\/p>\n

Biblical Evidence for Veneration of Saints and Images<\/a>\u00a0[National Catholic Register<\/em>, 10-23-18]<\/p>\n

Eucharistic Adoration: Explicit & Undeniable Biblical Analogies<\/a>\u00a0[2-1-19]<\/p>\n

Crucifixes: Devotional Aids or Wicked Idols?\u00a0<\/a>[National Catholic Register<\/em>, 1-15-20]<\/p>\n

Crucifixes & Worship Images: \u201cNew\u201d (?) Biblical Arguments<\/a>\u00a0[1-18-20]<\/p>\n

Was Moses\u2019 Bronze Serpent an Idolatrous \u201cGraven Image?\u201d<\/a>\u00a0[National Catholic Register<\/em>, 2-17-20]<\/p>\n

St. Newman vs. Inconsistent Protestant Iconoclasts<\/a>\u00a0[3-21-20]<\/p>\n

Golden Calf Idolatry vs. Carved Cherubim on Ark of the Covenant<\/a>\u00a0[National Catholic Register<\/em>, 1-7-21]<\/p>\n

Reply to Baptist Gavin Ortlund\u2019s Critique of Icons<\/a>\u00a0[5-19-22]<\/p>\n

St. Augustine, St. Basil the Great, & Veneration of Images (+ St. Augustine\u2019s Enthusiastic Advocacy of Relics)<\/a>\u00a0[8-3-22]<\/p>\n

Biblical Defense of Images and Icons (vs. Matt Hedges)<\/a>\u00a0[8-3-22]<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\n
\n

Practical Matters<\/em><\/strong>: Perhaps some of my 4,200+ free online articles (the most comprehensive \u201cone-stop\u201d Catholic apologetics site) or\u00a0fifty-one books<\/a>\u00a0have helped you (by God\u2019s grace) to decide to\u00a0become Catholic<\/a>\u00a0or to\u00a0return to the Church<\/a>,\u00a0or better understand some doctrines and\u00a0why<\/em>\u00a0we believe them<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n

Or you may believe my work is worthy to support for the purpose of apologetics and evangelism in general. If so, please seriously consider a much-needed financial contribution. I\u2019m always in need of more funds: especially\u00a0monthly<\/em>\u00a0support. \u201cThe laborer is worthy of his wages\u201d (1 Tim 5:18, NKJV). 1 December 2021 was my 20th anniversary as a\u00a0full-time Catholic apologist<\/a>,\u00a0and February 2022 marked the 25th anniversary of my blog.<\/p>\n

PayPal donations<\/a>\u00a0are the easiest: just send to my email address: apologistdave@gmail.com. You\u2019ll see the term \u201cCatholic Used Book Service\u201d, which is my old side-business. To learn about the different methods of contributing, including 100% tax deduction, etc., see my page:\u00a0About Catholic Apologist Dave Armstrong \/ Donation Information<\/a>.\u00a0Thanks a million<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0from the bottom of my heart!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

***<\/p>\n

Photo credit: <\/strong>Historical mixed media figure of John Calvin produced by artist\/historian George S. Stuart and photographed by Peter d\u2019Aprix: from the<\/span>\u00a0George S. Stuart Gallery of Historical Figures archive<\/a>\u00a0[Wikimedia Commons<\/a>\u00a0\/\u00a0Creative Commons<\/a>\u00a0Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported<\/a>\u00a0license]<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Summary<\/em>: Early Protestant leader John Calvin didn\u2019t oppose absolutely all religious images. Private biblical paintings (\u201chistorical \u2026 representation of events\u201d) were permitted.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sergiusz Michalski wrote in his book, Reformation and the Visual Arts: The Protestant Image Question in Western and Eastern Europe, New York: Routledge, 1993: Calvin, somewhat contradictorily, allowed the keeping of holy images in private homes\u2026he left an open field for narrative biblical scenes\u2014especially from the Old Testament\u2014 and for secular art. Of decisive importance […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2331,"featured_media":72444,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37,206],"tags":[3476,17496,17499,3472,1074,3583],"class_list":["post-72441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-john-calvin","category-saints-purgatory-penance","tag-calvin-images","tag-calvin-paintings","tag-calvin-religious-images","tag-calvins-iconoclasm","tag-iconoclasm","tag-religious-images"],"yoast_head":"\nJohn Calvin Didn't Oppose All Religious Images John Calvin Didn't Oppose All Religious Images<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sergiusz Michalski wrote in his book, Reformation and the Visual Arts: The Protestant Image Question in Western and Eastern Europe, New York: Routledge, Early Protestant leader John Calvin didn't oppose absolutely all religious images. 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Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \\\"This Rock\\\" (now called \\\"Catholic Answers Magazine\\\"), \\\"Envoy Magazine\\\" (Patrick Madrid), \\\"The Catholic Answer,\\\" \\\"The Coming Home Journal,\\\" \\\"Gilbert Magazine\\\" (American Chesterton Society), and \\\"The Latin Mass.\\\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \\\"The Michigan Catholic\\\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \\\"Envoy Magazine.\\\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \\\"Catholic Answers Live\\\" (twice), \\\"Faith and Family Live\\\" (Steve Wood), \\\"Kresta in the Afternoon,\\\" \\\"Son Rise Morning Show,\\\" \\\"Catholic Connection\\\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \\\"The Catholics Next Door.\\\" His large and popular website, \\\"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\\\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \\\"Envoy Magazine.\\\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \\\"index\\\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \\\"Surprised by Truth\\\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \\\"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\\\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \\\"The Catholic Verses\\\" (2004), \\\"The One-Minute Apologist\\\" (2007), \\\"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\\\" (2009), \\\"The Quotable Newman\\\" (editor: 2012), and \\\"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\\\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \\\"The New Catholic Answer Bible\\\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \\\"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\\\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \\\"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\\\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \\\"Quotable Wesley\\\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dave.armstrong.798\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@LuxVeritatisApologetics\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"John Calvin Didn't Oppose All Religious Images John Calvin Didn't Oppose All Religious Images","description":"Sergiusz Michalski wrote in his book, Reformation and the Visual Arts: The Protestant Image Question in Western and Eastern Europe, New York: Routledge, Early Protestant leader John Calvin didn't oppose absolutely all religious images. 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Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \"This Rock\" (now called \"Catholic Answers Magazine\"), \"Envoy Magazine\" (Patrick Madrid), \"The Catholic Answer,\" \"The Coming Home Journal,\" \"Gilbert Magazine\" (American Chesterton Society), and \"The Latin Mass.\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \"The Michigan Catholic\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \"Envoy Magazine.\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \"Catholic Answers Live\" (twice), \"Faith and Family Live\" (Steve Wood), \"Kresta in the Afternoon,\" \"Son Rise Morning Show,\" \"Catholic Connection\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \"The Catholics Next Door.\" His large and popular website, \"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \"Envoy Magazine.\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \"index\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \"Surprised by Truth\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \"The Catholic Verses\" (2004), \"The One-Minute Apologist\" (2007), \"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\" (2009), \"The Quotable Newman\" (editor: 2012), and \"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \"The New Catholic Answer Bible\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \"Quotable Wesley\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).","sameAs":["https:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dave.armstrong.798","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@LuxVeritatisApologetics"],"url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72441","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2331"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72441"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72441\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}