{"id":73038,"date":"2023-05-11T14:52:32","date_gmt":"2023-05-11T18:52:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?p=73038"},"modified":"2023-05-11T14:52:32","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T18:52:32","slug":"ten-new-testament-archaeological-confirmations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2023\/05\/ten-new-testament-archaeological-confirmations.html","title":{"rendered":"Ten New Testament Archaeological Confirmations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<\/head>

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1) Romans 16:23<\/strong> (RSV) . . . Erastus, the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus, greet you. (cf. Acts 19:22; 2 Tim. 4:20)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In 1929, a gray slab of limestone was found in Corinth, near the theater. Separate pieces of the same inscription were discovered in 1928 and 1947 in other areas of the theater. The inscription reads: \u201cErastus in return for his aedileship laid (the pavement) at his own expense.\u201d Related evidences in the same excavation revealed that this was the same person referred to by Paul. It was dated to A.D. 50. The Greek word that Paul used for \u201ctreasurer\u201d (oikonomos<\/em>) is equivalent to the Corinthian office of aedile<\/em>. (1)<\/p>\n

2) Luke 2:2<\/strong> This was the first enrollment, when Quirinius was governor of Syria.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The name Quirinius appears\u00a0 on coins that he issued as governor of Syria, with the date \u201cthe 36th year of Caesar [Augustus]\u201d: that is,\u00a0 A.D. 5\/6. (2) An inscription dated A.D. 14 found in Antioch Pisidia known as The Deeds of the Divine Augustus<\/em> refers to \u201cwhen Publius Sulpicius (Quirinius) and Gaius Valgius were consuls.\u201d Roman historian\u00a0Tacitus noted in his Annals<\/i> Book III that when Quirinius died in A.D. 21, Tiberius Caesar ordered the Senate to honor him with a public funeral. Jewish historian Josephus wrote in detail about the census of Judea around A.D. 6 that Quirinius conducted as the governor of Syria.<\/p>\n

3) Roman, Greek, and Jewish References to Jesus<\/strong><\/p>\n

Josephus refers to Jesus (as the brother of James) (3), and other references include Suetonius in his Lives of the Caesars <\/em>(4), Tacitus\u2019 Annals <\/em>(15.44), Thallus\u2019 history of Greece from c. A.D. 52, Pliny the Younger\u2019s epistle to the emperor Trajan (no. 96), the Jewish Talmud (Sanhedrin<\/em> 43a), and the Death of Peregrine<\/em> (11-13), by Lucian, a second-century Greek satirist. (5)<\/p>\n

4) Acts 19:35<\/strong> And when the town clerk had quieted the crowd, he said, \u201cMen of Ephesus, what man is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is temple keeper of the great Artemis . . .?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In the late first century, likely during the reign of Domitian, Ephesus was honored for its role as being a seat of emperor worship and was designated with three other cities as neokoroi<\/em> (\u201ctemple wardens\u201d), though the term in Acts may have referred specifically to Artemis-worship. An inscription\u00a0 found in Ephesus, dated to A.D. 162-164, refers to the \u201cpatriotic city of the Ephesians, . . . temple-warden of the Augusti two times.\u201d (6)<\/p>\n

5) Acts 19:24<\/strong> . . . a man named Demetrius, a silversmith, who made silver shrines of Artemis . . .<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In the theater at Ephesus, a Greek and Latin inscription reported that a Roman official created a silver image of Artemis, for display during civic meetings in the theater. (7)<\/p>\n

6) 2 Timothy 4:14<\/strong> Alexander the coppersmith did me great harm . . .<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Another inscription discovered in Ephesus\u00a0 (where Alexander the coppersmith lived) refers to \u201cDiogenes the charkomatas<\/em>\u201d (\u201ccoppersmith\u201d). (8)<\/p>\n

7) 1 Corinthians 15:32<\/strong> What do I gain if, humanly speaking, I fought with beasts at Ephesus? . . .<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This is a sarcastic or otherwise non-literal proclamation from Paul that seems to be a reference to the historical reality of the city. Archaeologist McRay writes,<\/p>\n

An inscription found on a part of the north wall of the stadium [in Ephesus] indicates that it was rebuilt during the reign of Nero. . . . A circular area\u00a0 at the eastern end was designated for gladiatorial fights and animal baiting. . . . Paul perhaps compared arena combat with opposition from \u201cbeasts\u201d of a human sort . . . (9)<\/p>\n

8) Acts 19:9<\/strong> [Paul] . . . argued daily in the hall of Tyrannus.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ekrem Akurgal contended that there was an auditorium (audeitorion<\/em>) or lecture hall just east of the beautiful library in Ephesus, that was mentioned in a first-century inscription. (10) NIV, NRSV, NAB\u00a0 render this as \u201clecture hall.\u201d KJV, Douay, and NASB have \u201cschool.\u201d<\/p>\n

9) Acts 17:18-19<\/strong> Some also of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers met him. And some said, \u201cWhat would this babbler say?\u201d Others said, \u201cHe seems to be a preacher of foreign divinities\u201d \u2014 because he preached Jesus and the resurrection. And they took hold of him and brought him to the Areopagus, . . .<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

McRay observes (11),<\/p>\n

Questions regarding the teaching of Paul, who had been speaking of \u201cforeign divinities\u201d (Acts 17:18), fell under the jurisdiction of the Areopagus, which had \u201csurveillance over the introduction of foreign divinities,\u201d according to Daniel J. Geagan. (12)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Encyclopedia Britannia<\/em> notes in concurrence that the Areopagus at this time was \u201cdischarging significant administrative, religious, and educational functions.\u201d (13)<\/p>\n

10) Acts 18:12<\/strong> But when Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews made a united attack upon Paul and brought him before the tribunal,<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A bema<\/em>, or raised speaker\u2019s platform, was discovered in Corinth in 1935, and is very likely the place where Paul stood before Gallio (18:14). (14)<\/p>\n

FOOTNOTES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1) See John McRay, Archaeology and the New Testament<\/em> (Grand Rapids,. Michigan: Baker Book House, 1991), 331-332.<\/p>\n

2) See Ralph Martin Novak, Christianity and the Roman Empire: Background Texts<\/i> (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2001), 291.<\/p>\n

3) Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews<\/em>,\u00a0Book XX, ch. 9, sec. 1. https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/2848\/2848-h\/2848-h.htm#link202HCH0009.<\/a><\/p>\n

4) Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars <\/em>(\u201cClaudius\u201d 25): \u201cSince the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus, he expelled them from Rome\u201d (from Catharine Edwards\u2019 translation [Oxford University Press, 2009], 184, 203).<\/p>\n

5) See McRay, 154.<\/p>\n

6) See McRay, 257-258.<\/p>\n

7) See Barbara Levick, \u201cTwo Inscriptions from Pisidian Antioch,\u201d Anatolian Studies<\/em> 15 (1965), 58-59.<\/p>\n

8) See McRay, 259.<\/p>\n

9) McRay, 260-261.<\/p>\n

10) Ekrem Akurgal, Ancient Civilizations and Ruins of Turkey, 2nd ed., (Istanbul: Mobil Oil Turk A. S., 1970), 161.<\/p>\n

11) McRay, 309.<\/p>\n

12) Daniel J. Geagan, \u201cThe Athenian Constitution after Sulla,\u201d Hesperia<\/em>, supp. 12 (1967): 32:50.<\/p>\n

13) \u201cAreopagus: Greek Council,\u201d in Encyclopedia Britannia. <\/em>https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Areopagus-Greek-council<\/a>.<\/p>\n

14) See McRay, 333-334.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Practical Matters<\/em><\/strong>: Perhaps some of my 4,200+ free online articles (the most comprehensive \u201cone-stop\u201d Catholic apologetics site) or\u00a0fifty-one books<\/a>\u00a0have helped you (by God\u2019s grace) to decide to\u00a0become Catholic<\/a>\u00a0or to\u00a0return to the Church<\/a>,\u00a0or better understand some doctrines and\u00a0why<\/em>\u00a0we believe them<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Or you may believe my work is worthy to support for the purpose of apologetics and evangelism in general. If so, please seriously consider a much-needed financial contribution. I\u2019m always in need of more funds: especially\u00a0monthly<\/em>\u00a0support. \u201cThe laborer is worthy of his wages\u201d (1 Tim 5:18, NKJV). 1 December 2021 was my 20th anniversary as a\u00a0full-time Catholic apologist<\/a>,\u00a0and February 2022 marked the 25th anniversary of my blog.<\/p>\n

PayPal donations<\/a>\u00a0are the easiest: just send to my email address: apologistdave@gmail.com. You\u2019ll see the term \u201cCatholic Used Book Service\u201d, which is my old side-business. To learn about the different methods of contributing, including 100% tax deduction, etc., see my page:\u00a0About Catholic Apologist Dave Armstrong \/ Donation Information<\/a>.\u00a0Thanks a million<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0from the bottom of my heart!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

***<\/p>\n

Photo credit:<\/strong> The Preaching of St Paul at Ephesus <\/i>(1649), by Eustache Le Sueur (1616-1655)<\/span> [public domain \/ Wikimedia Commons<\/a>]<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Summary<\/em>: I document ten additional New Testament archaeological confirmations: all of which support the strong case of profound biblical historical accuracy & trustworthiness.<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \\\"This Rock\\\" (now called \\\"Catholic Answers Magazine\\\"), \\\"Envoy Magazine\\\" (Patrick Madrid), \\\"The Catholic Answer,\\\" \\\"The Coming Home Journal,\\\" \\\"Gilbert Magazine\\\" (American Chesterton Society), and \\\"The Latin Mass.\\\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \\\"The Michigan Catholic\\\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \\\"Envoy Magazine.\\\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \\\"Catholic Answers Live\\\" (twice), \\\"Faith and Family Live\\\" (Steve Wood), \\\"Kresta in the Afternoon,\\\" \\\"Son Rise Morning Show,\\\" \\\"Catholic Connection\\\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \\\"The Catholics Next Door.\\\" His large and popular website, \\\"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\\\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \\\"Envoy Magazine.\\\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \\\"index\\\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \\\"Surprised by Truth\\\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \\\"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\\\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \\\"The Catholic Verses\\\" (2004), \\\"The One-Minute Apologist\\\" (2007), \\\"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\\\" (2009), \\\"The Quotable Newman\\\" (editor: 2012), and \\\"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\\\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \\\"The New Catholic Answer Bible\\\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \\\"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\\\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \\\"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\\\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \\\"Quotable Wesley\\\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dave.armstrong.798\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@LuxVeritatisApologetics\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ten New Testament Archaeological Confirmations Ten New Testament Archaeological Confirmations","description":"1) Romans 16:23 (RSV) . . . Erastus, the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus, greet you. (cf. 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Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \"This Rock\" (now called \"Catholic Answers Magazine\"), \"Envoy Magazine\" (Patrick Madrid), \"The Catholic Answer,\" \"The Coming Home Journal,\" \"Gilbert Magazine\" (American Chesterton Society), and \"The Latin Mass.\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \"The Michigan Catholic\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \"Envoy Magazine.\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \"Catholic Answers Live\" (twice), \"Faith and Family Live\" (Steve Wood), \"Kresta in the Afternoon,\" \"Son Rise Morning Show,\" \"Catholic Connection\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \"The Catholics Next Door.\" His large and popular website, \"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \"Envoy Magazine.\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \"index\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \"Surprised by Truth\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \"The Catholic Verses\" (2004), \"The One-Minute Apologist\" (2007), \"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\" (2009), \"The Quotable Newman\" (editor: 2012), and \"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \"The New Catholic Answer Bible\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \"Quotable Wesley\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).","sameAs":["https:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dave.armstrong.798","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@LuxVeritatisApologetics"],"url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73038","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2331"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73038"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73038\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/73050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}