{"id":93053,"date":"2025-08-06T11:27:17","date_gmt":"2025-08-06T15:27:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?p=93053"},"modified":"2025-08-06T11:27:17","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T15:27:17","slug":"biblical-evidences-for-the-oral-torah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2025\/08\/biblical-evidences-for-the-oral-torah.html","title":{"rendered":"Biblical Evidences for the Oral Torah"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<\/head>

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Photo credit<\/strong>: Moses Descends from Mt. Sinai<\/em>;\u00a0 print from the Phillip Medhurst Collection of Bible illustrations in the possession of Revd. Philip De Vere at St. George\u2019s Court, Kidderminster, England (1 January 1970); Philip De Vere [Wikimedia Commons \/ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>

What Moses was commanded to teach to the ancient Hebrews is not identical to the written words that he recorded in the Torah (the first five books of the Old Testament).\u00a0 The Jews also believed that he received oral tradition on Mt. Sinai, when he received the Ten Commandments. The mainstream pharisaic tradition passed into early Christianity, since St. Paul\u00a0called himself\u00a0a Pharisee twice, after his conversion to Christianity\u00a0(Acts 23:6; 26:5), and Jesus opposed the doctrine of the Sadducees, but not that of the Pharisees (Mt 23:2). The Pharisees adhered to oral tradition and the Sadducees rejected it.<\/p>\n

Scripture indicates such an oral Torah, not \u2014 in its specifics \u2014 recorded in the written Torah. The 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia <\/em>(\u201cOral Law\u201d<\/a>) provides some examples:<\/p>\n

It appears from the other books of the Old Testament also that certain traditional laws were considered to have been given by God, although they are not mentioned in the Pentateuch. Jeremiah says to the people (Jer. 17: 21-22): \u201cBear no burden on the Sabbath day, nor bring it in by the gates of Jerusalem; neither carry forth a burden out of your houses on the Sabbath day, neither do ye any work, but hallow ye the Sabbath day, as I commanded your fathers.\u201d In the Pentateuch, on the other hand, there is only the interdiction against work in general (Ex. 20:9-11); nor is it stated anywhere in the Torah that no burdens shall be carried on the Sabbath, while Jeremiah says that the bearing of burdens, as well as all other work, was forbidden to the fathers. It is clear, furthermore, from Amos 8:5, that no business was done on the Sabbath, and in Neh. 10:30-32 this prohibition, like the interdiction against intermarrying with the heathen, is designated as a commandment of God, although only the latter is found in the Pentateuch (Deut. 7:3), while there is no reference to the former. Since the interdictions against carrying burdens and doing business on the Sabbath were regarded as divine laws, although not mentioned in the Pentateuch, it is inferred that there was also a second code.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

God made this requirement, that He \u201ccommanded\u201d the ancient Hebrews in oral tradition, binding, under pain of Jerusalem being destroyed:<\/p>\n

Jeremiah 17:27<\/strong> (RSV) . . . if you do not listen to me, to keep the sabbath day holy, and not to bear a burden and enter by the gates of Jerusalem on the sabbath day, then I will kindle a fire in its gates, and it shall devour the palaces of Jerusalem and shall not be quenched.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

They \u201cdid not listen\u201d and didn\u2019t \u201chear and receive instruction\u201d (Jer 17:23), so Jerusalem was destroyed for sins not even condemned in the written Law (only the oral Torah).<\/p>\n

One contrary argument is Deuteronomy 4:2: \u201cYou shall not add to the word which I command you, nor take from it; that you may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.\u201d But this was intended only against the common people, not the teachers and judges and Levitical priests, who were given the responsibility of interpreting and elaborating upon the laws and statutes (Deut 17:9-11; Neh 8:7: \u201c. . . helped the people to understand the law . . .\u201d). They did so by consulting existing traditions and in accordance with the rules of how to understand Holy Scripture.<\/p>\n

In the written Torah, sacrifices were not permitted anywhere but in the tabernacle (Lev 17:1-5). But, strikingly, the prophet Samuel continued to sacrifice at the \u201chigh places\u201d (1 Sam 9:12-13), which sure \u00a0seems to be contrary to Leviticus 17:8-9; 26:30; and Joshua 22:29. Assuming the rightness of his actions (the immediate context doesn\u2019t indicate otherwise), we must posit an additional oral law that he was aware of.<\/p>\n

Surprisingly enough, the written Torah never specifies that\u00a0Jerusalem\u00a0would be the central place of worship, or that a\u00a0temple\u00a0was to be built there. Neither the words \u201ctemple\u201d (i.e., a building) nor \u201cJerusalem\u201d ever appear. The Torah never foresees a permanent structure for worship.<\/p>\n

The early Christians at the Jerusalem Council held views about proper eating, (or, kashrut<\/em>) \u2013 see Acts 15:20, 29; 21:25 \u2014 that must have come from the oral Torah. The notions of not eating things sacrificed to idols [Mishnah Avodah Zorah<\/em> 2:3 in the Jewish Talmud], or things strangled [Mishnah Chullin<\/em> 1:2] are not found in the written Torah. Jesus, in Revelation 2:14, 20 chides the churches in Pergamum and Thyatira for not observing the ban on eating food sacrificed to idols.<\/p>\n

Jesus\u2019 teaching on\u00a0lust in the Sermon on the Mount\u00a0<\/strong>was derived from the oral Torah. He stated:<\/p>\n

Matthew 5:27-28<\/strong> \u201cYou have heard that it was said, \u2018You shall not commit adultery.\u2019 But I say to you that every one who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The written Torah had never stated this. Jesus, therefore, appears to be drawing from the oral teaching that Moses received on Mt. Sinai, \u201cNot only is he who sins with his body considered an adulterer, but he who sins with his eye is also considered one.\u201d [Leviticus Rabba<\/em> 23:12].<\/p>\n

The same thing applies to His\u00a0teachings on prayer. Jesus taught His disciples not to \u201cheap up empty phrases\u201d or use \u201cmany words\u201d when they prayed (Mt 6:7), and to not give up or lose heart praying for something they really needed (Lk 18:1-6). Calculating and babbling were forbidden by the oral Torah [Babylonian Talmud<\/em>, Berekhot<\/em> 32b], and like Jesus advising His disciples to keep asking God for righteous requests in prayer, the oral Torah likewise stated, \u201cIf a man realizes that he has prayed and not been answered, he should pray again\u201d [Babylonian Talmud<\/em>, ibid<\/em>.].<\/p>\n

Conclusion: the oral Torah seems to be fairly conclusively established from the written biblical record. By analogy, Christian oral apostolic tradition is also upheld as valid in the new covenant, which was a direct development of the old covenant (Matthew 5:17-20).<\/p>\n

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Photo credit<\/strong>: Moses Descends from Mt. Sinai; \u00a0print from the Phillip Medhurst Collection of Bible illustrations in the possession of Revd. Philip De Vere at St. George\u2019s Court, Kidderminster, England (1 January 1970);<\/span> Philip De Vere<\/a> [Wikimedia Commons<\/a> \/\u00a0Creative Commons<\/a>\u00a0Attribution-Share Alike 3.0<\/a>\u00a0Unported<\/a> license]<\/p>\n

Summary<\/em>: I summarize arguments from Holy Scripture suggesting that Moses received extensive oral commandments from God on Mt. Sinai in addition to the Ten Commandments.<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 What Moses was commanded to teach to the ancient Hebrews is not identical to the written words that he recorded in the Torah (the first five books of the Old Testament).\u00a0 The Jews also believed that he received oral tradition on Mt. Sinai, when he received the Ten Commandments. The mainstream pharisaic tradition passed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2331,"featured_media":93056,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[314,31,312,448,3101],"tags":[779,52,1996,1994,1995,933],"class_list":["post-93053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-baptism-and-sacramentalism","category-bible-and-tradition","category-calvinism-general-protestantism","category-jews-judaism-old-testament","category-literary-resume","tag-apostolic-tradition","tag-catholic-tradition","tag-jewish-tradition","tag-oral-law","tag-oral-torah","tag-oral-tradition"],"yoast_head":"\nBiblical Evidences for the Oral Torah<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I summarize arguments from Holy Scripture suggesting that Moses received extensive oral commandments from God on Mt. 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Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \\\"This Rock\\\" (now called \\\"Catholic Answers Magazine\\\"), \\\"Envoy Magazine\\\" (Patrick Madrid), \\\"The Catholic Answer,\\\" \\\"The Coming Home Journal,\\\" \\\"Gilbert Magazine\\\" (American Chesterton Society), and \\\"The Latin Mass.\\\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \\\"The Michigan Catholic\\\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \\\"Envoy Magazine.\\\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \\\"Catholic Answers Live\\\" (twice), \\\"Faith and Family Live\\\" (Steve Wood), \\\"Kresta in the Afternoon,\\\" \\\"Son Rise Morning Show,\\\" \\\"Catholic Connection\\\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \\\"The Catholics Next Door.\\\" His large and popular website, \\\"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\\\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \\\"Envoy Magazine.\\\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \\\"index\\\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \\\"Surprised by Truth\\\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \\\"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\\\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \\\"The Catholic Verses\\\" (2004), \\\"The One-Minute Apologist\\\" (2007), \\\"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\\\" (2009), \\\"The Quotable Newman\\\" (editor: 2012), and \\\"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\\\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \\\"The New Catholic Answer Bible\\\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \\\"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\\\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \\\"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\\\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \\\"Quotable Wesley\\\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Biblical Evidences for the Oral Torah","description":"I summarize arguments from Holy Scripture suggesting that Moses received extensive oral commandments from God on Mt. 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Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \"This Rock\" (now called \"Catholic Answers Magazine\"), \"Envoy Magazine\" (Patrick Madrid), \"The Catholic Answer,\" \"The Coming Home Journal,\" \"Gilbert Magazine\" (American Chesterton Society), and \"The Latin Mass.\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \"The Michigan Catholic\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \"Envoy Magazine.\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \"Catholic Answers Live\" (twice), \"Faith and Family Live\" (Steve Wood), \"Kresta in the Afternoon,\" \"Son Rise Morning Show,\" \"Catholic Connection\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \"The Catholics Next Door.\" His large and popular website, \"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \"Envoy Magazine.\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \"index\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \"Surprised by Truth\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \"The Catholic Verses\" (2004), \"The One-Minute Apologist\" (2007), \"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\" (2009), \"The Quotable Newman\" (editor: 2012), and \"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \"The New Catholic Answer Bible\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \"Quotable Wesley\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2331"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93053"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93053\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}