{"id":98225,"date":"2026-04-18T11:04:03","date_gmt":"2026-04-18T15:04:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?p=98225"},"modified":"2026-04-18T11:04:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-18T15:04:03","slug":"reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Reformation&#8221; Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne), Pt. 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p><figure id=\"attachment_98288\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-98288\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/572\/2026\/04\/Luther1546.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-98288 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/572\/2026\/04\/Luther1546.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"832\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-98288\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Photo credit<\/strong>: <em>Portrait of Martin Luther\u00a0<\/em>(1546), by Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553) [public domain \/ Wikimedia Commons]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">For background, see Part 1: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cReformation\u201d Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne) . . . Including St. Augustine\u2019s Opposition to Imputed Justification, \u201cFaith Alone\u201d &amp; Other Protestant Unprecedented Innovations<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">***<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No traditional Catholic dogmas have been changed or overturned. We\u2019re still against abortion and divorce and contraception (all Protestants agreed with us till 1930, and Luther thought it was murder). We still teach the Holy Trinity and everything in the Nicene Creed. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you think we have changed something, by all means provide the proof. But those who make these claims virtually never even try to do that.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">First of all, I understand Dave\u2019s frustration with me here. Regarding liberalism, we can certainly point out how we are all, not just Rome, tremendously affected!<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/share.google\/thDk13rwuwz7KCzYd\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Pew data shows this.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\"> Sadly, regarding all the important questions Pew asks about faith and morals, the Roman Catholics generally are closer to the Mainline denominations than the Evangelical and \u201cBible-believing\u201d ones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Yes; I just saw some polling yesterday about belief in the propriety of homosexual sex. The numbers were atrocious. Evangelical Protestants made the best showing (some 69% opposed, as I recall). About the same percentage of Catholics were in favor. But what people believe \u201con the ground\u201d has nothing whatsoever to do with <em>which body is correct in theology and moral teaching<\/em>, or to what <em>degree<\/em> they are correct. All we can do in making comparisons \u2014 in the end \u2014 is look at a given group\u2019s <em>confessions<\/em> and <em>creeds<\/em> and <em>doctrinal statements<\/em>. There are always ignorant and nominal people in every group. That\u2019s a boring discussion. The poll I saw tells us that even 31% of <em>evangelical<\/em> Protestants (my old allegiance that I was proud to be a part of and still remember with great fondness) think that homosexual sex is perfectly fine.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s outrageous. I would say it immediately casts doubt that a person with such opinions is evangelical at all, since he or she clearly rejects biblical inspiration and inerrancy, and a Catholic saying that also rejects the Bible and unbroken Catholic moral teaching and thus has no business identifying as a \u201cCatholic\u201d in any meaningful, historically or even sociologically based sense of the title. It\u2019s a disgrace. In other words, it\u2019s a case of mistaken category identification or \u201cdishonest advertising\u201d (to call oneself an evangelical or a Catholic with such outlandish views). But that\u2019s \u2014 as Nathan noted \u2014 what we all deal with today: rampant, relentless secularization and our beloved, oh-so-superior and holier-than-thou theological liberals, alongside the usual enemies of the world, the flesh, and the devil.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">One thing the 19th century LCMS Lutherans were good at doing was convicting people that what they confessed or had on paper was essentially worthless if it was not practiced. Perhaps we should consider that that might apply here?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Of course all self-proclaimed Christians need to practice what they preach and be consistent and orthodox and moral, loving, etc. as traditionally understood. But that\u2019s a <em>different question<\/em> from deciding yay or nay on which group to join. If the criterion had been the wonderful knowledge and Christian moral consistency of individual Catholics back in 1990 when I converted, I <em>never<\/em> would have become Catholic in a billion years. The evangelicals \u201cwon\u201d that contest hands-down. But that was irrelevant. All that mattered to me was \u201cwhich group is more <em>biblical<\/em> and which <em>carried on the glorious legacy of apostolic and patristic teachings<\/em> <em>and practice<\/em>?\u201d The answer was extremely easy. One simply has to know in the first place which questions to ask and what to look for; how to properly make such a decision.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">Going along with this, the following quote would probably be acceptable to most every person that we think is decent and who we would want to have as a neighbor:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">There is no doubt that an element of the truly righteous life, or good life, is that it is characterized by real love and compassion which does not think about rewards, spontaneously comes from the heart, and shares the love of God with all people (see, e.g., Deut. 11).<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Amen! May <em>that<\/em> tribe of people multiply like wildfire!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">I know Rome certainly remains \u201cdogmatic\u201d today, but, to say the least, it is not very \u201cdogmatic\u201d to imply atheists can be saved, . . . <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">St. Paul did that in Romans 2, and St. Thomas Aquinas \u2014 in his ever-helpful distinctions \u2014 allowed for a possibility of it (which doesn\u2019t have to be a <em>great<\/em> possibility). If someone doesn\u2019t know something, they don\u2019t. They can know God <em>exists<\/em> (as Romans 1 makes clear). But whoever is saved is saved <em>by<\/em> God\u2019s grace, the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross, and <em>through<\/em> the Church (as Luther and Calvin also firmly held), whether they are aware of it or not. God knows how much everyone knows, and hence, how culpable they are; we don\u2019t. I\u2019m glad to let God be God, and we know He is extremely merciful and is love itself, as well as being the Great Judge. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We\u2019ll know when we get to heaven what is the truth regarding all of these disputed matters and we\u2019ll know the reasons <em>why<\/em> whatever is true, is true. Nathan can come look me up at that time and we\u2019ll review our debates and see who got what right. It\u2019ll be fun! We can all laugh about our past errors then, and see how silly and ungrounded they were, and how blind we all have been in cases where we were wrong, when we are perfected in knowledge and glorified. I can\u2019t wait!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">Google Gemini tells me that \u201cThe Council of Florence is viewed by the Roman Catholic Church as a valid, infallible ecumenical council that successfully defined key doctrines\u2014such as the Filioque, purgatory, and papal supremacy\u2026.\u201d, and that is sometimes considered the 21st Ecumenical Council.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">That Council said this in its 11th session (1442):\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">It firmly believes, professes and preaches that all those who are outside the catholic church, not only pagans but also Jews or heretics and schismatics, cannot share in eternal life and will go into the everlasting fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels, unless they are joined to the catholic church before the end of their lives.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I dealt with this sort of thing at great length in reply to Reformed Baptist Gavin Ortlund (who has ignored some 40 of my replies to him, save one):<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/02\/catholicism-non-catholic-salvation-vs-gavin-ortlund.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Catholicism &amp; Non-Catholic Salvation (Vs. Gavin Ortlund) + How Early Protestants Widely Damned Other Protestants Who Held Different Theological Views<\/a> [2-9-24]<\/p>\n<p>See also my many treatments of this topic, and some I have collected from others:<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catholicculture.org\/culture\/library\/view.cfm?id=964\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Is There Salvation Outside the Church?<\/a>\u00a0(Fr. William G. Most) [<em>Catholic Culture<\/em>, 1988]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2016\/04\/salvation-outside-the-church.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salvation Outside the Church?: Alleged Catholic Magisterial Contradictions &amp; St. Thomas Aquinas\u2019 Views\u00a0<\/a>[7-31-03]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2018\/01\/no-salvation-outside-church-reply-pastor-bill-keller.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">No Salvation Outside the Church: Reply to Pastor Bill Keller<\/a>\u00a0[4-23-08]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/shamelesspopery.com\/salvation-outside-of-the-church\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Salvation Outside the Church<\/a> [Joe Heschmeyer,\u00a0<em>Shameless Popery<\/em>, 8-12-10]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2019\/06\/various-thoughts-on-salvation-outside-the-church.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Various Thoughts on Salvation \u201cOutside\u201d the Church<\/a>\u00a0[2012]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2017\/08\/ecumenism-vs-salvation-outside-church.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ecumenism vs. No Salvation Outside of the Church?\u00a0<\/a>(vs. Dustin Buck Lattimore)\u00a0[8-9-17]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">Has Rome really resisted liberalism? <\/span><\/p>\n<p>In our official teachings, yes: across the board, as no other Christian body has done. This is why I am a Catholic. Protestants <em>institutionalize<\/em> theological error and sin. We do not. That\u2019s the essential difference in this discussion of how \u201cliberal\u201d different Christian communions are.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">Is there any other church that so eagerly and vigorously embraced evolutionary theory \u2013 which certainly undermines the underlying account of creation, fall, and redemption in the scriptures \u2013 as much as did Rome?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>It does no such thing. How God may have created, and laws of science, whatever they may be, are infinitely less important than the fact that God is creator and sustainer and upholder of the universe. Matters of science are different from the Christian faith itself. People have different opinions.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #008000;\">The death penalty is not dogma. It\u2019s a question of how justice is applied. The death penalty is not intrinsically evil, and in the past the Catholic Church favored it. In today\u2019s environment, it has been decided that being against it is more in accord with pro-life principles. But that\u2019s not a change in dogma.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Roman Catholic Church today it is now said that the discipline of celibacy for priests is a discipline and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not a dogma.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> And yet, in the past, some men believed that celibacy for priests was absolutely required.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Nathan confuses categories. Clearly, something can be required as a discipline without it being a dogma.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">The question really is where the line between dogma and discipline begins and ends.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>I suppose there can be some fine lines, as in all serious worldviews and systems of thought, but there has never been any debate over whether celibacy is a discipline and not a dogma. People simply vehemently disagree with this particular discipline, on inadequate grounds. I\u2019ve argued it probably more than twenty times by now. The biblical case is strong.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">And the current statements about the death penalty appear to be rather absolute and not based on historical contingencies at all. How can we know for sure that this is not now to be considered a dogma?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The most obvious way is because it <em>changed<\/em>, and as Nathan knows, Catholics believe that dogmas can\u2019t change; they can only consistently develop from what was before. The view on this could also change because opponents of the death penalty aren\u2019t saying that it\u2019s <em>intrinsically<\/em> wrong. But it\u2019s not enough to summarize this issue with nice little soundbites. It requires serious thought and analysis. See:<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2018\/02\/dr-fastiggi-replies-dr-feser-capital-punishment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Fastiggi Replies to Dr. Feser on Capital Punishment<\/a>\u00a0[2-2-18]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2018\/08\/not-burning-heretics-was-a-far-more-controversial-change.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Not Burning Heretics was a Far More \u201cControversial\u201d Change (Pondering the Analogy of Not Burning \u201cMurderers of Souls\u201d to Recent Popes\u2019 Opposition to\u00a0<em>All<\/em>\u00a0Capital Punishment)<\/a>\u00a0[8-6-18]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/10\/three-popes-capital-punishment-vs-ed-feser.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Three Popes &amp; Capital Punishment (vs. Ed Feser)<\/a>\u00a0(with Catholic Theologian Dr. Robert Fastiggi) [10-20-20]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/throughcatholiclenses\/2018\/08\/death-penalty-wrong-but-not-intrinsically-evil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Death Penalty Is Wrong But Not Intrinsically Evil or Infallible<\/a>\u00a0[Fr. Matthew P. Schneider, LC, 8-6-18]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catholic.com\/magazine\/online-edition\/understanding-the-catechism-revision-on-the-death-penalty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Understanding the Catechism Revision on the Death Penalty<\/a>\u00a0[Jimmy Akin, 8-8-18]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wherepeteris.com\/capital-punishment-and-magisterial-authority-part-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Capital Punishment and Magisterial Authority<\/a>\u00a0(+\u00a0<a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wherepeteris.com\/capital-punishment-and-magisterial-authority-part-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Part 2<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wherepeteris.com\/capital-punishment-and-magisterial-authority-part-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Part 3<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wherepeteris.com\/capital-punishment-and-magisterial-authority-part-4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Part 4<\/a>) [Robert Fastiggi,\u00a0<em>Where Peter Is<\/em>, 8-17-23]<\/p>\n<p>If someone wants to choose only one of the articles above to read, I highly recommend the last series by Dr. Fastiggi, a personal friend of mine, and a renowned systematic Catholic theologian. He covers every base, and brilliantly so, as always.<\/p>\n<p>Does Nathan prefer the 1530s in Saxony, where Luther and Melanchthon were in favor of drowning Anabaptists for heresy and sedition, because they believed in adult baptism? This would entail the execution of Billy Graham, John MacArthur, James White, Gavin Ortlund, Charles Spurgeon, John Bunyan, Chuck Colson, Johnny Cash, Presidents Harry Truman and Jimmy Carter, and myself between 1982 and 1990, since I did a full immersion \u201cbaptism\u201d in 1982 (having embraced the \u201cbeliever\u2019s baptism\u201d view)?<\/p>\n<p>This topic is far from the topic of the \u201cReformation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">So, why not simply assert to them that there is no other name under Heaven by which they must be saved, and to tell them to believe in the Lord Jesus? Why not boldly assert without any hesitation that he alone is the way, the truth, and the life? Should we not desire to lift him up and to glorify him and proclaim him before the nations?\u00a0To put all the other false conceptions of God to shame? To recognize that only He has been raised from the dead? Why not encourage all to read the Bible and to take a look at Acts 17? Why not boldly say to them: thank God Jesus is God!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Obviously, I <em>do<\/em> do that, as an evangelist and apologist (full-time since 2001 and altogether since 1981). I\u2019ve devoted my life to it, at considerable personal cost in several ways. That said, there are cases where a person might be saved based on what they know and don\u2019t know. Just let God iron all that out. Our job is to proclaim and defend the gospel (and I say also, the fullness of Christianity in Catholicism), as Nathan says.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ve been out there for thirty years online, taking the slings and arrows and rank public personal insults and calumnies from anti-Catholics, reactionary Catholics, liberal Catholics and Protestants, Catholic pope-bashers, atheists, political liberals, homosexual activists, radical feminists (sometimes even losing friends \u2014 or <em>so-called<\/em> \u201cfriends\u201d \u2014 for taking a stand), etc. because I believe in my message 1000% and will do the best I can to get that message out to as many people as I can, no matter how much opposition I encounter.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019m willing to undergo that nonsense and to make a lot less money than the average income in America, yet still outwork virtually any other Catholic apologist today (as several prominent apologists have said about me). Delighted and privileged to do it . . . \u201cthey left the presence of the council, rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer dishonor for the name\u201d (Acts 5:41); \u201cFor necessity is laid upon me. Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel! . . . What then is my reward? Just this: that in my preaching I may make the gospel free of charge, not making full use of my right in the gospel. For though I am free from all men, I have made myself a slave to all, that I might win the more\u201d (1 Cor 9:16, 18-19). St. Paul is my hero, and I follow his evangelistic model, right down to \u201cmaking tents\u201d when financial necessity requires it, and offering more than 5,000 articles and now 65+ videos for free.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">No one will be justified by the law, not even the Apostle Paul as a Christian can perfectly keep the commands of God (Romans 7).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The latter isn\u2019t true, according to the Bible. See my paper, <a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/12\/has-anyone-ever-perfectly-kept-the-law.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perfectly Keeping the Law: 15 Bible Passages<\/a> [12-12-24]. Paul said about himself: \u201cas to righteousness under the law blameless\u201d (Phil 3:6).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">It seems that Dave would basically confirm what I am saying here when he gives me his reasons for being confident that he will make it to heaven:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #008000;\">God should let me into heaven because I am characterized by righteousness, integrity, uprightness of heart, good conduct, good ways and good fruits, good deeds, having done the will of God, endured to the end, hearing Jesus\u2019 words and doing them, feeding the hungry, providing drink to the thirsty, clothing the naked, welcoming strangers, visiting the sick and prisoners, inviting the poor and maimed and lame and blind to my feast, good works, obeying the truth, being a good laborer and fellow worker with God, unblamable holiness, being wholly sanctified, a sound and blameless spirit and soul and body, being without spot or blemish, knowing God, obeying the gospel, sharing Christ\u2019s sufferings, and repentance.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #008000;\">Conversely, I\u2019m not wicked, committing abominations, angry with or insulting my brother, calling someone a fool, weighed down with dissipation, drunkenness, and the cares of this life, ungodly, suppressing the truth, doing evil, a coward, faithless, polluted, a murderer, fornicator, sorcerer, idolater, or a liar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #008000;\">This is how God and Bible-writers say we get to heaven. I like to actually cite the Bible on the exact topic at hand when I claim to be representing what it teaches. I\u2019m weird that way.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Yes; note the second-to-last sentence:<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">This is how <strong><em>God<\/em><\/strong> and <strong><em>Bible-writers<\/em><\/strong> say we get to heaven.\u201d<\/span> I <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cconfirm\u201d<\/span> what the <strong><em>Bible<\/em><\/strong> commands me to do as regards salvation (alongside and in conjunction with faith: both caused by grace). I\u2019m being <em>ultra<\/em>-biblical, in fact. This is the problem for Protestant soteriology. It\u2019s <em>massively unbiblical<\/em>, and I can\u2019t find any Protestant who is willing to provide for me counter-exegesis for the many hundreds of \u201cCatholic verses I produce as pro-Catholic arguments (here\u2019s Nathan\u2019s golden opportunity!). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I recently expanded this argument again, with 70 Bible passages: <a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/03\/nt-70-specific-good-works-contribute-to-salvation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NT: 70 Specific Good Works Contribute to Salvation<\/a> [3-6-26] This is explicit biblical teaching. It\u2019s not mysterious or a difficult conclusion to arrive at. It\u2019s plain as day (as long as someone <em>allows<\/em> it to be and doesn\u2019t place man-made tradition above biblical revelation). I didn\u2019t come up with it: Jesus and the inspired Bible-writers did. So Nathan ought to go argue with <em>them<\/em>, rather than imply that I believe I\u2019m doing all of this on my own power, for my own glory, without God\u2019s grace, or that it\u2019s supposedly <em>unbiblical<\/em> to do so. It\u2019s all grace-enabled, but we still have to <em>do<\/em> it. But Protestants so often fall prey to the \u201ceither\/or\u201d mentality that isn\u2019t biblical, either. It has much more to do with secular Greek philosophical rationalism than Hebrew biblical thought.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">For, as noted above, Lutherans have no trouble acknowledging that God\u2019s final judgment before the eyes of all will be according to works. And this is not an issue. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Then why not go the whole way and agree with the Bible, Augustine and the fathers, all of medieval non-heretical soteriological tradition, even Luther himself to some extent, that <em>sanctification and justification must not be formally separated<\/em>, Melanchthon-style; that works are part and parcel of salvation, alongside grace and faith? If Nathan says, after all, that salvation will be <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em>according<\/em> to works\u201d<\/span> that\u2019s <em>causation<\/em>, and that\u2019s the Catholic and Augustinian view.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s not that we get to heaven <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> our good works, but that anyone who gets to heaven will have such good works.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This is the category confusion and error and the Protestant tradition of men and talking points (sorry!). Scripture precisely says over and over (I present <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/08\/bible-vs-faith-alone-90-proofs.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">150 passages; 120 from the NT<\/a>) that works are one of the <strong><em>causes<\/em><\/strong> of salvation, not merely the inevitable fruit of an already achieved one-time justification. That was why Augustine believed as he did. The absolute clearest and most undeniable passages about this are the rich young ruler and the scene of the sheep and the goats. But there are at least 148 more passages that have to be directly addressed and incorporated by Protestants (since this is all inspired Scripture) into their overall view, and not ignored or rationalized away. This is the sort of thing that will create Catholic converts. Someone reading this right now may be on the edge of converting, and this information will put them over the edge. Lord please! Here I am preaching a biblical message, repeated over and over.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">He began by saying that \u201cGod should let me into heaven because\u2026.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Yes, exactly. What Nathan seems not to <em>realize<\/em> is that this is a <em>direct response<\/em> to a very common evangelistic approach from Protestants. They will ask, \u201cif you died tonight, and God asked you <em>why<\/em> He should let you into heaven, what would you <em>say<\/em>?\u201d I explained all of that in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2015\/10\/final-judgment-works-not-faith-50-passages.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">my original paper on this topic in 2003<\/a>, after an encounter with Presbyterian Matt Slick, who runs the CARM forum. Protestants like him hope that the \u201cdumb\u201d Catholic will talk about works when asked this, at which point they can counter that salvation is all by grace and faith and not works at all, and proceed with the usual \u201ccanned\u201d 5-10 verses that are always brought up (John 3:16 and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wqme5MamjIM&amp;t=31s\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Ephesians 2:8-9<\/a> being absolutely required every time).<\/p>\n<p>My polemical and apologetical point is that the Bible teaches\u00a0(in 70 ways I have found) that our post-regeneration, post-initial justification grace-caused good works <em>also<\/em> are reasons why we will be let into heaven. Again, this isn\u2019t me; it isn\u2019t some Catholic invention, or salvation by works; it\u2019s the Bible. The Bible teaches that salvation comes by grace through faith, which in turn includes within itself (assuming we live for some time after our baptism) grace-enabled good works done with this same faith. It doesn\u2019t separate works into a solely non-salvific category. It was Philip Melanchthon who was the first to do that, according to McGrath, 1500 years after Christ and the beginning of His Church. Why should anyone think that makes any sense? If he was right, then someone would have figured that out long before, and I would contend that it would have been in the Bible, if it\u2019s <strong><em>so<\/em><\/strong> earth-shakingly profound and important. But neither is the case.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">I would deal with this question, \u201cWhy should God let you into his heaven?\u201d, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/justandsinner\/should-the-christian-live-in-fear-of-god\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in a completely different way<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Yes, it would be the highly selective evangelical and\/or Lutheran way that separates works from the overall equation in a way that the Bible and Augustine and the fathers and unbroken soteriological tradition do not do. It picks a few passages and ignores 150 others, and will nevertheless be called \u201cbiblical.\u201d <strong>We\u2019re not <em>ignoring<\/em> grace and faith. They\u2019re <em>absolutely necessary<\/em>, too<\/strong>. We simply <em>don\u2019t exclude works<\/em> because it\u2019s anti-biblical to do so. And we don\u2019t teach salvation by works alone, or works salvation, which is the heresy of Pelagianism.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">What is the major difference here? Here is something that I wrote in the past that I believe speaks to this specifically:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">Having been Christianized, [most human beings in the West were nevertheless] tempted to manipulate God by insisting that when they did the stuff that He said was right and good, He was obligated to reciprocate. Even in the Christian church, the concept of \u2018congruous merit\u2019 arose, which stated that \u2018on the ground of equity\u2019 we could claim a reward \u2013 even the reward of eternal life \u2013 from God for our works. In other words, were God not to compensate us, He would actually be committing an offense by violating that which is fitting.\u00a0 He would be unfairly discriminating against us (even if, strictly speaking, as God, He was under no obligation and violated none of our rights in doing so)! In short, what this really means is that man perpetually underestimates the depth and seriousness of original sin \u2013 and his sins to boot.\u00a0 That a \u2018Great Divorce\u2019 on God\u2019s part would actually be justice does not even seem to occur for many modern persons claiming Christ.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>No Scripture given there, but I can provide lots of it in support of merit:<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/10\/meritorious-works-38-biblical-proofs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meritorious Works: 50 Biblical Proofs (Bible Passages On God\u2019s Rewarding and Being Pleased by Grace-Originated Meritorious Works of the Regenerate)<\/a>\u00a0[10-4-24]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2025\/04\/justification-in-the-book-of-james-different-from-paul.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Justification in the Book of James (Different from Paul?)\u00a0<\/a>[8-30-23]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2025\/01\/works-sanctification-partly-cause-salvation-34-passages.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Works &amp; Sanctification Partly Cause Salvation: 34 Passages<\/a>\u00a0[1-30-25]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/10\/salvation-caused-by-actions-80-bible-passages.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salvation Caused by Actions: 80 Bible Passages (. . . Proving That \u201cFaith Alone\u201d is a False Doctrine)<\/a>\u00a0[10-5-24]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2020\/03\/scripture-on-being-co-workers-with-god-for-salvation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scripture on Being Co-Workers with God for Salvation<\/a>\u00a0[72 passages] [2013]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2025\/11\/do-in-the-nt-vs-faith-alone-40-passages.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cDo\u201d in the NT vs. \u201cFaith Alone\u201d (40 Passages)<\/a>\u00a0[11-16-25]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/10\/reply-to-calvins-antidote-to-trent-on-justification.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reply to Calvin\u2019s\u00a0<em>Antidote to Trent<\/em>\u00a0on Justification (Highlighting \u201cWorking Together with God\u201d and Our Grounds for \u201cBoasting\u201d and \u201cPride\u201d in the Meritorious Work We and Other Christians Do for the Sake of God and Evangelism)<\/a>\u00a0[10-14-24]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2015\/12\/bible-on-the-nature-of-saving-faith.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bible on the Nature of Saving Faith (Including Assent, Trust, Hope, Works, Obedience, and Sanctification)<\/a>\u00a0[380 passages] [1-21-10]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/02\/last-day-what-jesus-says-to-the-elect-vs-gavin-ortlund.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Last Day: What Jesus Says To The Elect (Vs. Gavin Ortlund) + Bible Passages On the Organic Relationship of Faith, Works, Grace, Obedience, &amp; Salvation<\/a>\u00a0[2-16-24]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2018\/01\/died-tonight-debate-w-matt-slick-carm.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cIf You Died Tonight\u201d: Debate w Matt Slick of CARM<\/a>\u00a0[5-22-03]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2015\/10\/st-paul-on-grace-faith-works-50-passages.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">St. Paul on Grace, Faith, &amp; Works (50 Passages)<\/a>\u00a0[8-6-08]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2013\/07\/new-testament-epistles-on-bringing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Testament Epistles on Bringing About Further Sanctification and Even Salvation By Our Own Actions<\/a>\u00a0[7-2-13]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">Of course Dave\u2019s own idea of why God should let him into heaven is not the way that any traditional, orthodox Presbyterian would think!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Then they are literally being anti-biblical, by utterly ignoring 70 Bible passages that tie works into salvation, alongside grace and faith. That\u2019s what I was being provocative about. I was challenging Matt Slick and chiding him for being so unbiblical. I\u2019m the one who accepts <strong><em>all<\/em><\/strong> biblical teaching and tries to live by it. Imagine that!: the lowly Catholic \u201cpapist\u201d \u201cout-Bibling\u201d the quintessential \u201cBible people\u201d! But this has been the experience of so many Catholic converts. We have a saying on our YouTube channel about Catholic converts like us: \u201cBible verses I never saw.\u201d Protestants sadly very often only trot out highly selected \u201cprooftexts\u201d and ignore vast portions of the Bible that don\u2019t fit into their theology very well, if at all.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rome puts so much emphasis <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not on faith<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">but on living a good life based on the knowledge of this that one possesses<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>For the 20th time, we are simply following explicit biblical guidelines. We are not excluding grace and faith at all. It\u2019s Protestants who are unbiblically excluding works from salvation altogether. <em>They<\/em> have the \u201cignoring the Bible\u201d problem here, not us.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">Of course it makes sense that our old nature will need to be entirely purged before we enter the next life. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Glad to hear it!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">In the deuterocanonical texts it does talk about how almsgiving makes atonement. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That is true. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s not indulgences [that was Nathan\u2019s own title for this section]. That would be penance. Indulgences mean the relaxation of temporal punishment for sin.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">But why does Rome insist that doctrine should be established by texts that they themselves admit are not at the same level as those books from the primary canon? If this is sufficiently important, why is it not a part of the primary canon?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>It is. Our latest video is on this topic, and I have the following articles out there already, among others:<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2016\/08\/biblical-evidence-for-indulgences.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Biblical Evidence for Indulgences<\/a>\u00a0[1996]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2017\/03\/myths-facts-re-tetzel-indulgences.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Myths and Facts Regarding Tetzel and Indulgences\u00a0<\/a>[11-25-16; published in\u00a0<em>Catholic Herald<\/em>]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/blog\/darmstrong\/the-biblical-roots-and-history-of-indulgences\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Biblical Roots and History of Indulgences<\/a>\u00a0[<em>National Catholic Register<\/em>, 5-25-18]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2019\/11\/vs-james-white-11-biblical-evidence-for-indulgences.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vs. James White #11: Biblical Evidence for Indulgences<\/a>\u00a0[11-15-19]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/01\/top-ten-explicit-biblical-proofs-for-indulgences.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Top Ten Explicit Biblical Proofs for Indulgences<\/a> [1-14-26]<\/p>\n<p>James Cardinal Gibbons provided the basic New Testament argument:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The prerogative of granting Indulgence has been exercised by the teachers of the Church from the beginning of her existence.<\/p>\n<p>St. Paul exercised it in behalf of the incestuous Corinthian whom he had condemned to a severe penance proportioned to his guilt, `that his spirit might be saved in the day of the Lord\u2019 (1 Cor 5:5). And having learned afterwards of the Corinthian\u2019s fervent contrition the Apostle absolves him from the penance which he had imposed (2 Cor 2:6-10).<\/p>\n<p>Here we have all the elements that constitute an Indulgence. First \u2013 A penance, or temporal punishment proportioned to the gravity of the offence, is imposed on the transgressor. Second \u2013 The penitent is truly contrite for his crime. Third \u2013 This determines the Apostle to remit the penalty. Fourth \u2013 The Apostle considers the relaxation of the penance ratified by Jesus Christ, in whose name it is imparted. . . .<\/p>\n<p>We cannot please our opponents. If we fast and give alms; if we crucify our flesh, and make pilgrimages and perform other works of penance, we are accused of clinging to the rags of dead works, instead of `holding on to Jesus\u2019 by faith. If, on the other hand, we enrich our souls with the treasures of Indulgences we are charged with relying on the vicarious merits of others and of lightening too much the salutary burden of the cross. (<em>The Faith of Our Fathers<\/em>, New York: P. J. Kenedy &amp; Sons, revised edition, 1917, 308-309, 311)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I expanded upon that in my first book in 1996 and in our video. Here\u2019s a few other snippets from its transcript:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>We have the story of Moses\u2019 sister Miriam, who \u201cspoke against Moses because of the Cushite woman whom he had married\u201d (Numbers 12:1). 12:9 says that \u201cthe anger of the LORD was kindled\u201d and in 12:10 we learn that \u201cMiriam was leprous.\u201d This is a prime example of temporal punishment for sin. But then Moses prayed for her healing (12:13-14) and God complied. And this is <em>exactly<\/em> what an indulgence is: the removal of temporal punishment for sin. It\u2019s clear as day, right in the Bible. Later, Moses himself suffered temporal punishment: he wasn\u2019t allowed to enter the Promised Land [Dt 32:51-52].<\/p>\n<p>The incident is recorded in Numbers 20. God had told Moses to speak to the rock, to make water come out, but in exasperation with the complaining of the people, Moses struck it twice in disobedience, and he also implied that he had the power to make the water come out, rather than God. In this case, Moses <em>wasn\u2019t <\/em>granted an indulgence.<\/p>\n<p>In Numbers 14:19 Moses prays, \u201cPardon the iniquity of this people\u201d and in 14:20 God replies, I have pardoned, according to your word.\u201d But then God goes on to say that none who rebelled against him in the wilderness would be able to enter the Promised Land, either (14:21-23). Like Moses, they didn\u2019t receive an indulgence to remove the penalty for sin, but their <em>sin itself<\/em> was pardoned. . . .<\/p>\n<p>Paul referred to receiving Holy Communion \u201cin an unworthy manner\u201d (1 Corinthians 11:27). Then he wrote something very interesting and very \u201cun-Protestant\u201d as we say, noting that the one who does this \u201cdrinks judgment upon himself\u201d (11:29) and that as a result, \u201cmany of you are weak and ill, and some have died\u201d (11:30). Once again, this is temporal punishment for sin.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>So the above data proves that there are at least two explicit examples of an indulgence in the Bible: seen in Numbers 12:13-14 (a result of Moses\u2019 prayer) and 2 Corinthians 2:6-10 (a result of Paul\u2019s instructions to the Corinthian assembly). There are many more examples of temporal punishment for sin, which is what an indulgence relaxes or eliminates. So it\u2019s all quite biblical, though not one in 10,000 Protestants (if that many) would ever know it, nor likely an equal or greater number of Catholics. This is one of many reasons why I do what I do! The task of education never ends among Christians. But thankfully the Bible, in its endless divine wisdom, always has something to add to any discussion.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">Certain men are given outstanding tasks to do. One thinks about Job, for example. Still, does anyone really go \u201cabove and beyond the call of duty\u201d? For example, when the Apostle Paul says the following: \u201cBut by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace toward me was not in vain. On the contrary, I worked harder than any of them, though it was not I, but the grace of God which is with me.\u201d [RSV, 1 Corinthians 15:10]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">\u2026. is that what he is getting at?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>He\u2019s getting at exactly what we teach: \u201csynergy\u201d, i.e.,\u00a0 our good acts are \u2014 or can be \u2014 at the same time God\u2019s, soaked in His grace. But the Bible doesn\u2019t deny that they are also truly <em>ours<\/em>. Hence, Paul pointedly says, \u201c<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I worked harder than any of them\u201d \u2014 lest anyone miss the point. This is one of my favorite Bible verses. Will Nathan<em> seriously<\/em> argue that even the Apostle Paul didn\u2019t go \u201cabove and beyond the call of duty\u201d? <em>Paul<\/em>? Are we talking about the same person? I won\u2019t even cite the passage where he wrote about all of his amazing sacrifices. See:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/08\/reply-to-melanchthon-justification-2-good-works-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reply to Melanchthon: Justification #2: Good Works 1 (\u201cWorking Together\u201d with God \/ Human Striving &amp; Merit \/ Tridentine Soteriology \/ David\u2019s &amp; Paul\u2019s Godly \u201cBoasting\u201d \/ Regenerate Sinners \/ Romans 7 &amp; 8 &amp; Sin \/ God is Pleased by Our Meritorious Acts \/ Colossians 1:28: Imputed Justification?)<\/a>\u00a0[8-31-24]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/10\/reply-to-calvins-antidote-to-trent-on-justification.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reply to Calvin\u2019s\u00a0<em>Antidote to Trent<\/em>\u00a0on Justification (Highlighting \u201cWorking Together with God\u201d and Our Grounds for \u201cBoasting\u201d and \u201cPride\u201d in the Meritorious Work We and Other Christians Do for the Sake of God and Evangelism)<\/a>\u00a0[+\u00a0<a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/10\/reply-to-calvins-antidote-to-trent-justification-pt-2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Part II<\/a>]\u00a0[10-17-24]<\/p>\n<p>St. Paul writes several times of being \u201cproud\u201d of his work:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Romans 15:17<\/strong> In Christ Jesus, then, I have reason to be\u00a0proud\u00a0of my work for God.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2 Corinthians 1:14<\/strong> . . . you can be proud of us as we can be of you, on the day of the Lord Jesus<\/p>\n<p><strong>2 Corinthians 5:12<\/strong> We are not commending ourselves to you again but giving you cause to be proud of us, . . .<\/p>\n<p><strong>Philippians 2:16<\/strong> holding fast the word of life, so that in the day of Christ I may be proud that I did not run in vain or labor in vain<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>And he \u201cboasts\u201d (some of it is sarcastic \u2014\u00a0 2 Cor 11:16-21, 30 \u2013, but like all true sarcasm, it was serious at bottom) and says it is fine for anyone to do so, if they earned it:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>2 Corinthians 7:14<\/strong> For if I have expressed to him some pride in you, I was not put to shame; but just as everything we said to you was true, so our boasting before Titus has proved true.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2 Corinthians 8:24<\/strong> So give proof, before the churches, of your love and of our boasting about you to these men. (cf. 9:2-3; 12:1, 5-6, 9)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Galatians 6:4<\/strong> But let each one test his own work, and then his reason to boast\u00a0will be in himself alone and not in his neighbor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1 Thessalonians 2:19<\/strong> For what is our hope or joy or crown of boasting before our Lord Jesus at his coming? Is it not you? (cf. 2 Thess 1:4)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>There are good and bad senses of boasting, just as there are of pride.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">On the contrary, if we perceive that this is the case for some people we consider outstanding, this would only be because God has granted them the grace and power to do what they do, to choose things that we call better or best.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>No one denies this in the slightest, so why keep <em>saying<\/em> it? By repeating it over and over, the implication is that Catholics or the Catholic Church don\u2019t <em>really<\/em> believe it. But we <em>do<\/em>; in which case there is no need to reiterate the obvious. We have enough stuff where we <em>actually<\/em> disagree without beating the dead horse.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">I submit such people would never think to say anything other than \u201cWe have only done what is required of us. We are unfaithful servants.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Paul says similarly. But he <em>also<\/em> boasts and has pride in his own work and accomplishments that God made possible by His grace (to repeat <em>that<\/em> for the 50th time). Nathan neglects that part, so it\u2019s more Protestant arbitrary biblical selectivity.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #008000;\">Jesus taught prayer to the saints in Luke 16: Abraham was petitioned three times. Did Jesus teach error there?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">Perhaps it should give us pause that the only example we have of the petition to a saint is from someone who is being tortured in the afterlife with no possibility of redemption?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>First of all, it\u2019s<em> not<\/em> the <em>only<\/em> example. Secondly, even if this <em>were<\/em> the only example, it would be sufficient, because it\u2019s in the inspired Bible and not forbidden. There are very few passages about the virgin birth and original sin, and infant baptism is only implicitly and indirectly or deductively indicated by household baptism and Paul\u2019s analogy to circumcision (all things Lutherans and Catholics agree on). Other examples are Saul\u2019s petition of the dead prophet Samuel, which is even more apt because it\u2019s someone on the earth petitioning a dead person who has returned to the earth. Samuel (like Abraham in Luke 16) <em>didn\u2019t say asking or petitioning him was itself wrong<\/em>. He declined Saul\u2019s prayer because <em>it was against God\u2019s already revealed will<\/em>. There are many other indirect indications.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re \u201csurrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses\u201d according to Hebrews 12:1. Some Protestant commentators have noted that this indicates an acute interest of the departed for those on the earth. And that in turn implies (by reasonable and plausible deduction) that we can <em>ask for their prayers<\/em> on our behalf to God. There is a long list of extraordinary characteristics of those in heaven, which would certainly plausibly include being able to hear our prayers. See: <a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/03\/saints-can-hear-millions-of-prayers-vs-jordan-cooper.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Saints Can Hear \u201cMillions\u201d Of Prayers? (Vs. Jordan Cooper): Including a Summary of the Extraordinary, Unfathomable Characteristics of Redeemed Human Beings in Heaven<\/a> [3-20-24].<\/p>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">St. Paul states that now we only \u201csee in a mirror dimly\u201d and \u201cknow in part\u201d (1 Cor 13:12), and that \u201ceye has not seen\u201d (1 Cor 2:9) what God has \u201cprepared\u201d for us. We shall \u201csee his face\u201d (Rev 22:4) and see Him \u201cface to face\u201d (1 Cor 13:12), and He will be our \u201clight\u201d (Rev 22:5). Saints in heaven \u201cshall understand fully\u201d (1 Cor 13:12), and possess \u201cknowledge\u201d that he describes as \u201cperfect\u201d(1 Cor 13:9-10), and \u201can eternal weight of glory beyond all comparison\u201d (2 Cor 4:17): \u201cthe glory that is to be revealed\u201d (Rom 8:18), \u201cthe glorious liberty of the children of God\u201d (Rom 8:21), and \u201ceternal glory in Christ\u201d (1 Pet 5:10).<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">St. Paul implies that believers even while on the earth can achieve \u201cthe knowledge of his will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding\u201d (Col 1:9) and can obtain \u201call the riches of assured understanding and the knowledge of God\u2019s mystery, of Christ\u201d (Col 1:10). And they \u201cshall be like\u201d Jesus (1 Jn 3:2) and fully \u201cunited to the Lord\u201d and \u201cone spirit with him\u201d (1 Cor 6:17). Christians \u201care being changed into his likeness from one degree of glory to another\u201d (2 Cor 3:18). This will be perfected in heaven. Saints in heaven will be \u201cfilled with all the fulness of God\u201d (Eph 3:19) and \u201cthe fulness of Christ\u201d (Eph 4:13) and will be fully \u201cpartakers of the divine nature\u201d (2 Pet 1:4) and totally free of and from sin (Rev 19:8; 21:8, 27; 22:14-15).<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">If we\u2019re \u201cequal to\u201d angels after death, according to Jesus (Lk 20:36), and \u201clike angels\u201d (Mt 22:30; Mk 12:25), and we know that angels communicate with those on earth (many examples in the Bible; e.g., \u201cthe angel of God called to Hagar from heaven\u201d \u2014 Gen 21:17), then it stands to reason that the dead saints will by analogy be able to do the same thing. Jesus said, \u201cI tell you, there is joy before the angels of God over one sinner who repents\u201d (Lk 15:10). That\u2019s an interior disposition. If angels know that, and we will be \u201cequal\u201d to them, then dead saints in heaven can certainly hear a petition, since by analogy to the angels they\u2019ll be able to discern interior thoughts.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The souls \u201cunder the altar\u201d in heaven pray concerning those on the earth (Rev 6:9-10), again implying that they could also hear our prayers. Then we have Revelation 5:8: \u201c. . . the twenty-four elders [dead human beings] fell down before the Lamb, each holding a harp, and with golden bowls full of incense, which are <em>the prayers of the saints<\/em>.\u201d Why do they have \u201cthe prayers of the saints\u201d if all prayers only go directly to God? Obviously, they have some intercessory purpose, and this is perfectly consistent with Catholicism, but not with almost all Protestant belief-systems. Another similar passage is even <em>more<\/em> explicit:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Revelation 8:3-4<\/strong> And another angel came and stood at the altar with a golden censer; and he was given much incense to mingle with the <em>prayers of <strong>all<\/strong> the saints<\/em> upon the golden altar before the throne; [4] and the smoke of the incense rose with the prayers of the saints from the hand of the angel before God.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cAll\u201d the saints? What\u2019s going on there? And now it\u2019s an angel being involved with our prayers. Sounds very un-Protestant, doesn\u2019t it? If the choice comes down to \u201cProtestantism\u201d or the Bible, when it <em>contradicts<\/em> Protestantism, I always go with the Bible, and so should everyone else. But there\u2019s more. Lot prayed to two angels and they granted his request:<\/p>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><strong>Genesis 19:15, 17-21<\/strong> When morning dawned, the angels urged Lot, saying, \u201cArise, take your wife and your two daughters who are here, lest you be consumed in the punishment of the city.\u201d . . . [17] . . . they said, \u201cFlee for your life; do not look back or stop anywhere in the valley; flee to the hills, lest you be consumed.\u201d [18] And Lot said to them, \u201cOh, no, my lords; [19] behold, your servant has found favor in your sight, and you have shown me great kindness in saving my life; but I cannot flee to the hills, lest the disaster overtake me, and I die. [20] Behold, yonder city is near enough to flee to, and it is a little one. Let me escape there . . . and my life will be saved!\u201d [21] He said to him, \u201cBehold, I grant you this favor also, that I will not overthrow the city of which you have spoken.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">The two angels function as God\u2019s messengers or intermediaries, and as such can fulfill what is essentially a prayer request: precisely as I have argued regarding Abraham. In other words, we have explicit biblical precedent. Hence, the wonderful Lutheran Keil and Delitzsch <em>Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament<\/em> comments on this passage:<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\">There is nothing to indicate that Jehovah suddenly joined the angels. The only supposition that remains, therefore, is that Lot recognised in the two angels a manifestation of God, and so addressed them (Genesis 19:18) as Adonai (my Lord), and that the angel who spoke addressed him as the messenger of Jehovah in the name of God, without its following from this, that Jehovah was present in the two angels.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\">In other words, he was asking (petitioning \/ praying to) the two angels to fulfill supernatural requests that \u2014 as far as we know from the Bible \u2014 only God can fulfill, either directly or through an intermediary (in this case, the angels; in the case of Luke 16, Abraham).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">Of course, it is difficult to not think here of how the Apostle Paul said that people who forbid marriage are practicing the doctrine of demons.<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">Forbidding<em> all<\/em> marriage and forbidding it only to specially called men and women who are in a small particular class of people who are willing to sacrifice a <em>good<\/em> thing (marriage and marital sex) for a higher purpose, so as to achieve an \u201cundistracted devotion to the Lord\u201d (per Paul, 1 Corinthians 7, and Jesus talking about voluntary eunuchs) are two entirely different things. Yet this misguided and wrongheaded argument from 1 Timothy 4:3 is made <em>all the time<\/em>. Protestant commentaries \u2014 at least in part \u2014 support what I am saying;<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biblehub.com\/commentaries\/benson\/1_timothy\/4.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><em>Benson Commentary<\/em>:<\/a> The same hypocritical liars, who should promote the worship of demons, should also prohibit lawful marriage. This false morality was very early introduced into the church, being taught first by the Encratites and Marcionites, and afterward by the Manicheans, who said marriage was the invention of the evil god; and who considered it as sinful to bring creatures into the world to be unhappy, and to be food for death.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\">Now it\u2019s true that Benson goes on to rail against Catholic celibacy (virtually no Protestant partisan can bring themselves to avoid doing that), not noticing that an <em>entirely different principle and rationale is involved<\/em>: straight from Jesus, Paul, and the many celibate disciples. The Catholic Church never said that marriage was evil. We regard it as a sacrament, after all. Even married Peter (also always brought up) separated from his wife to follow Jesus, and Jesus refers to those who have \u201cleft wives\u201d as those who would receive a hundredfold in this life and the life to come. All of that can\u2019t be ignored in the rush to condemn the Big Bad Catholic Boogeyman. It\u2019s a biblical thing. That\u2019s why we do it.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marcionism\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Marcionites<\/a> thought<em> all<\/em> marriages and <em>all<\/em> matter were evil, and required all converts to be celibate. That\u2019s neither Paul\u2019s thought nor Jesus\u2019 thinking, which is what Catholic celibacy requirements for priests and nuns are based on. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encratites\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Encratites<\/a> believed the same, and declared women and sex the work of Satan. So did <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saturninus_of_Antioch\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Saturninus<\/a>.<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biblehub.com\/commentaries\/jfb\/1_timothy\/4.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><em>Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary<\/em><\/a> also gets its obligatory digs in at Catholicism, but notes that Paul had in mind \u201cGnostic spiritualizing anti-Christianity\u201d and \u201cSaturninus, Marcion, and the Encratites.\u201d<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biblehub.com\/commentaries\/poole\/1_timothy\/4.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><em>Matthew Poole\u2019s Commentary<\/em><\/a> mentions \u201cthose that followed Saturninus and Marcion, and the Encratitae.\u201d<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/biblehub.com\/commentaries\/meyer\/1_timothy\/4.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Meyer\u2019s NT Commentary<\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/biblehub.com\/commentaries\/egt\/1_timothy\/4.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Expositor\u2019s Greek Testament<\/a><\/em>, and the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/biblehub.com\/commentaries\/pulpit\/1_timothy\/4.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Pulpit Commentary<\/a><\/em> all cite the Essenes and Therapeutae, who also made celibacy a universal or nearly universal requirement for followers. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/biblehub.com\/commentaries\/vws\/1_timothy\/4.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Vincent\u2019s Word Studies<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/biblehub.com\/commentaries\/clarke\/1_timothy\/4.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Adam Clarke\u2019s <em>Commentary<\/em><\/a> cite the Essenes as an example.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">John Calvin in his <a href=\"https:\/\/biblehub.com\/commentaries\/calvin\/1_timothy\/4.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><em>Commentaries<\/em><\/a> cites \u201cEncratites, Tatianists, Catharists, Montanus with his sect, and at length Manichaeans, who had extreme aversion to marriage and the eating of flesh, and condemned them as profane things.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\">Dom Bernard Orchard\u2019s 1953 <em>Catholic Commentary on Holy Scripture<\/em> gives a fuller picture:<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\">Behind these prohibitions there may lie the dualistic principles which were already apparent in Asia Minor when this epistle was written and which were part of the Gnostic heresy. St Paul objects to these prohibitions when they are the outcome of false principles which would regard marriage and certain foods as impure, but he has no objection to abstaining from marriage or to fasting when properly understood and based on sound principles; <i>cf.\u00a0<\/i>1 Cor 7:8 ff.; 2 Cor 6:5; 11:27; 1 Cor 9:27. When the Church bids us fast and abstain she does so, not because she regards certain foods as evil, but to help us to mortify our appetites, to conquer self and so to make spiritual progress.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\">The Catholic <em>Navarre Commentary<\/em> notes similarly:<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<blockquote><p>Two serious errors of these false teachers involved forbidding marriage and enforcing Jewish dietary laws. These errors continued to be promoted for a long time, particularly by second-century Gnostics, whose dualism viewed everything material as bad and only spiritual things as good. Christian teaching, on the contrary, on the basis of our Lord\u2019s words and the Apostles\u2019 (cf. also 1 Cor 7:1\u20137 and Eph 5:21\u201323), has always maintained the dignity of marriage; Jesus in fact raised marriage to the level of a sacrament (cf. Council of Trent, sess. XXIV). The Church also teaches that all food is good, . . .<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">Martin Luther was not unalterably or inexorably opposed to the celibacy of the clergy, though he appears to deny the Catholic and Pauline view that it\u2019s a higher estate than marriage, in the sense that it\u2019s heroic self-renunciation:<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<blockquote><p>There remains only I Corinthians 7; here it is left up to the individual [whether he wishes to marry or not]. . . . But who would claim that there is no value in unmarried life? Especially since, following the counsels and examples of Scripture, one may freely live unmarried. (<em>Letters I<\/em>, ed. and tr. Gottfried G. Krodel; to Philip Melanchthon, 3 August 1521; in <em>Luther\u2019s Works<\/em>, Vol. 48)<\/p>\n<p>He who lives continently, it is true, is freer to publish the Gospel than the married man; and it was with the thought of Gospel furtherance that Paul applauded virginity, or continence. He says: \u201cHe that is unmarried is careful for the things of the Lord.\u201d I Cor 7, 32. Christ also applauds the eunuchs (Mt 19, 12), not for the sake of their condition but for the sake of their profit to the kingdom of heaven; that is, for the sake of their furtherance of the Gospel. . . . Not because it is a condition more acceptable to God, but because it offers less hindrances to his service. It is in this light that Paul applauds virginity and continence; but only in those who have a desire for it through the grace of God. (<em>Sermon for the Third Sunday in Advent; 1 Corinthians 4:1-5<\/em>, 1521; in <em>Sermons of Martin Luther, The Church Postils<\/em>; edited and partially translated by John Nicholas Lenker, 8 volumes. Volumes 1-5 were originally published in Minneapolis by Lutherans of All Lands, 1904-1906. Volumes 6-8 were originally published in Minneapolis by The Luther Press, 1908-1909; this from Vol. 6)<\/p>\n<p>We do right when we sing of holy virgins that their life is not human but angelic, that though in the flesh they could be without the flesh by God\u2019s high grace. (To Wolfgang Reissenbusch, 27 March 1525; in <em>Luther\u2019s Correspondence and Other Contemporary Letters<\/em>, Vol. II: 1521-1530; translated and edited by Preserved Smith and Charles M. Jacobs [Philadelphia: The Lutheran Publication Society: 1918)<\/p>\n<p>Marriage, virginity and widowhood are not fruits, nor virtues, nor good works; but three stations or states in life created and ordained by God, . . . (<em>Sermon for Sexagesima Sunday; Luke 8:4-15<\/em>, 1525; in <em>Sermons<\/em>, Vol. 2)<\/p>\n<p>It is entirely possible to live in a state of virginity, widowhood, and chastity . . . (<em>Confession Concerning Christ\u2019s Supper<\/em>, Feb. 1528, tr. Robert H. Fischer; in <em>Luther\u2019s Works<\/em>, Vol. 37)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Nor was John Calvin:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Commentary<\/em> (1 Corinthians 7:32): in the outset he pronounces, as he is wont, a commendation upon celibacy, and then afterwards allows every one the liberty of choosing what he may consider to suit him best. It is not, however, without good reason that he returns so frequently to proclaim the advantages of celibacy, for he saw that the burdens of matrimony were far from light. The man who can exempt himself from them, ought not to refuse such a benefit, . . .<\/p>\n<p><em>He that is unmarried careth for the things of the Lord<\/em>. Mark the kind of exemption from anxieties that he desires in behalf of Christians \u2014 that they may devote to the Lord all their thoughts and aims. This, he says, belongs to celibacy; and therefore he desires all to enjoy this liberty. . . . Paul\u2019s meaning is this \u2014 that an unmarried person is free, and is not hindered from thinking of the things of God. The pious make use of this liberty. Others turn everything to their own destruction.<\/p>\n<p><em>Commentary<\/em> (1 Corinthians 7:35): Celibacy is to be desired . . . that we may cleave to God without distraction \u2014 <i>that\u00a0<\/i>being the one thing that a Christian man ought exclusively to look to during his whole life.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Calvin himself was only forty when his wife died, and he never married again in the last fifteen years of his life. So he knew about being single.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">That communion in one kind was ever an issue I find to be absolutely mind-boggling and audacious. It is a great offense, as it seems absolutely ridiculous that people would ever endeavor to change this practice as Christ commanded it. This is not something that anybody who is truly guarding the apostolic deposit would even conceive of!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>There is a strong scriptural case here, too, that Nathan is obviously unfamiliar with. I\u2019ve written about it several times:<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2016\/01\/bible-on-receiving-one-species-in-communion.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bible on Receiving One Species in Communion<\/a>\u00a0[3-11-08 and 6-24-11]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2019\/11\/chalice-or-host-only-contain-the-body-blood-of-christ.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chalice or Host Only Contain the Body &amp; Blood of Christ<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2019\/11\/chalice-or-host-only-contain-the-body-blood-of-christ.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Reply to Two Direct Challenges from the Calvinist Anti-Catholic Sophist and Polemicist, \u201cTurretinfan\u201d)<\/a>[11-21-19]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/blog\/darmstrong\/the-host-and-chalice-both-contain-christs-body-and-blood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Host and Chalice Both Contain Christ\u2019s Body and Blood<\/a>\u00a0[<em>National Catholic Register<\/em>, 12-10-19]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2024\/05\/augsburg-confession-dialogues-communion-in-one-kind.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Augsburg Confession Dialogues: Communion In One Kind<\/a>\u00a0[5-6-24]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/01\/holy-communion-in-one-kind-vs-jordan-cooper.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Holy Communion in One Kind (vs. Jordan Cooper)<\/a> [1-13-26]<\/p>\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">Martin Luther thought that Christ didn\u2019t require both kinds in Holy Communion:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\">Now they are making a game of schooling me concerning communion in both kinds and other weighty subjects. . . .<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">I have not condemned the use of one kind, but have left the decision about the use of both kinds to the judgment of the church. This is the very thing he attempts to assert, in order to attack me with this same argument. My answer is that this sort of argument is common to all who write against Luther: either they assert the very things they assail, or they set up a man of straw whom they may attack. This is the way of Sylvester and Eck and Emser, and of the men of Cologne and Louvain . . .<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">Not that those who use only one kind sin against Christ, for Christ did not command the use of either kind, but left it to the choice of reach individual . . .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\">I do not urge that both kinds be seized upon by force, as if we were bound to this form by a rigorous command . . .\u201d (<em>The Babylonian Captivity of the Church<\/em>, August 1520, in <em>Luther\u2019s Works<\/em>, Vol. 36 [1959], citations from pages 12 and 14 and 27, 28)<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">He also writes some critical things about one kind or species in other places. In 1521 he wrote:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"auto\">Concerning \u2018both kinds\u2019 in the Eucharist, I am not arguing on the basis of the example [of the early church] but of the word of Christ. He did not show that those who receive only the \u2018one kind\u2019 either have or have not sinned. But it is important that Christ did not require either kind . . . Since, then, Christ does not absolutely require \u2018both kinds,\u2019 . . . I do not see how those who receive only the \u2018one kind\u2019 commit sin. . . . Scripture, however, does not make any decision, and without a word of Scripture we cannot declare it sin. . . . In summary: since Scripture does not force [us to say] that [communion with] only \u2018one kind\u2019 is sin, I cannot claim it. <em>(Letters I<\/em>, Letter to Philip Melanchthon, 1 August 1521; in <em>Luther\u2019s Works<\/em>, Vol. 48, 279-281)<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">Luther\u2019s position \u2014 as best I can make out, with no desire whatsoever to misrepresent him \u2014 is that the Catholic Church <em>forbidding<\/em> both kinds in Holy Communion is sinful tyranny, but that this is deduced only from reason and not the express words or actions of Jesus Christ, while, on the other hand, Jesus didn\u2019t <em>require<\/em> both; therefore, those who receive only one cannot be charged with sin. There is \u2014 at a minimum \u2014 much nuance and subtlety here. That\u2019s what makes Luther always an interesting writer and thinker: agree or disagree with him. And there is much that the Catholic can agree with.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">The Catholic Church has stressed the availability of both kinds since Vatican II, while at the same time noting that the entire Christ is present in both species\u00a0 It thus changed liturgically but not theologically. I believe that \u201cnon-Latin\u201d Eastern Catholics had always dipped consecrated bread into the wine (what is called intinction), and so combined both in that fashion.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">I think allowing both to the laity is a good thing, but I myself always receive the host only (for both theological and hygienic reasons). I can only recall two occasions where I didn\u2019t: when I was received into the Church in February 1991 and we re-did our marriage vows due to a defect of form on my wife\u2019s part (Mass celebrated by my mentor, Servant of God, Fr. John A. Hardon, SJ) and when the consecrated hosts ran out one day at a Mass.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">Glad to hear that Martin Luther wouldn\u2019t assert that I am sinning in so doing.<span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t4c\/1\/16\/1f642.png\" alt=\"\ufffd\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regarding the rich young ruler as the main passage that Protestants need to deal with, I\u2019m guessing that Dave is not familiar with Luther\u2019s exegesis of the same\u2026..\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taking a break here and cheating a bit, Google Gemini does a fairly good job summing up the main contours of Luther\u2019s thought regarding this passage\u2026 :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">Martin Luther\u2019s main exegesis of the Rich Young Ruler (Matthew 19:16-30) focuses on the distinction between Law and Gospel, using the narrative to demonstrate that salvation is earned by faith alone, not by human effort, while highlighting that the Law functions to convict people of their idols.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>That\u2019s fascinating, since the passage never <em>once<\/em> mentions faith (surely it would, I contend, if <em>faith alone<\/em> is true). Nor does \u201cfaith\u201d appear even in the chapters before and after. The man expressly asked Jesus, \u201cwhat good deed must I do, to have eternal life?\u201d (19:16). Now if he had asked Nathan that, as a good <em>faith alone<\/em> Protestant, of course he would have told him that deeds don\u2019t bring about salvation, but rather, faith alone. So that\u2019s what <em>Jesus<\/em> said, right? Nope. Jesus recommended works as the way that this man could attain eternal life: \u201cIf you would enter life, keep the commandments\u201d (19:17). Then after the man asked, \u201cwhich?\u201d Jesus specifically named six of them in the next two verses. Then the man replied, \u201cAll these I have observed; what do I still lack?\u201d (19:20) And Jesus responded by requiring another (extraordinary) work: \u201cIf you would be perfect, go, sell what you possess and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven\u201d (19:21). And yet this supposedly demonstrates \u201cfaith alone\u201d? That\u2019s literally an absurd, impossible take on it.<\/p>\n<p>I agree, however, that the demand to sell all he had was due to his making money his idol. It\u2019s obviously not a universal requirement. In any event, it teaches a thoroughly Catholic outlook on how one is saved.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Photo credit<\/strong>: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em>Portrait of Martin Luther<\/em>\u00a0(1546), by Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553)<\/span>\u00a0[public domain \/\u00a0<a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Bildnis_des_Martin_Luther_(1546,_Catharijneconvent).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><em>Summary<\/em>: Critique of the Lutheran &amp; \u201cReformation\u201d outlook, again mostly focusing on \u201cfaith alone\u201d &amp; soteriology, but moving on to a potpourri of \u201chot button\u201d topics in the second half.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 For background, see Part 1: \u201cReformation\u201d Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne) . . . Including St. Augustine\u2019s Opposition to Imputed Justification, \u201cFaith Alone\u201d &amp; Other Protestant Unprecedented Innovations *** No traditional Catholic dogmas have been changed or overturned. We\u2019re still against abortion and divorce and contraception (all Protestants agreed with us till 1930, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2331,"featured_media":98288,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312,415,50],"tags":[19396,2551,419,2348,19399],"class_list":["post-98225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-calvinism-general-protestantism","category-lutheranism","category-salvation-justification","tag-calvinism-general-protestantism","tag-fathers-of-the-church","tag-lutheranism-2","tag-martin-luther","tag-salvation-justification"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>&quot;Reformation&quot; Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne), Pt. 2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Critique of the Lutheran &amp; &quot;Reformation&quot; outlook, again mostly focusing on &quot;faith alone&quot; &amp; soteriology, but moving on to a potpourri of &quot;hot button&quot; topics in the second half.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"&quot;Reformation&quot; Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne), Pt. 2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Critique of the Lutheran &amp; &quot;Reformation&quot; outlook, again mostly focusing on &quot;faith alone&quot; &amp; soteriology, but moving on to a potpourri of &quot;hot button&quot; topics in the second half.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-04-18T15:04:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/572\/2026\/04\/Luther1546.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"832\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dave Armstrong\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dave Armstrong\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"29 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html\",\"name\":\"\\\"Reformation\\\" Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne), Pt. 2\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-18T15:04:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-18T15:04:03+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/471eaa20e441eca4bb1ea50393cf632e\"},\"description\":\"Critique of the Lutheran & \\\"Reformation\\\" outlook, again mostly focusing on \\\"faith alone\\\" & soteriology, but moving on to a potpourri of \\\"hot button\\\" topics in the second half.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"&#8220;Reformation&#8221; Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne), Pt. 2\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/\",\"name\":\"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism\",\"description\":\"Catholic biblical apologetics\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/471eaa20e441eca4bb1ea50393cf632e\",\"name\":\"Dave Armstrong\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/820e6db89734ae7a9e5dac8d498f5ac7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/820e6db89734ae7a9e5dac8d498f5ac7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Dave Armstrong\"},\"description\":\"Dave Armstrong is a Catholic author and apologist, who has been actively proclaiming and defending Christianity since 1981, and Catholicism in particular since 1991 (full-time since December 2001). Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \\\"This Rock\\\" (now called \\\"Catholic Answers Magazine\\\"), \\\"Envoy Magazine\\\" (Patrick Madrid), \\\"The Catholic Answer,\\\" \\\"The Coming Home Journal,\\\" \\\"Gilbert Magazine\\\" (American Chesterton Society), and \\\"The Latin Mass.\\\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \\\"The Michigan Catholic\\\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. 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Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \\\"Surprised by Truth\\\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \\\"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\\\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \\\"The Catholic Verses\\\" (2004), \\\"The One-Minute Apologist\\\" (2007), \\\"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\\\" (2009), \\\"The Quotable Newman\\\" (editor: 2012), and \\\"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\\\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \\\"The New Catholic Answer Bible\\\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \\\"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\\\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \\\"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\\\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \\\"Quotable Wesley\\\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\"Reformation\" Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne), Pt. 2","description":"Critique of the Lutheran & \"Reformation\" outlook, again mostly focusing on \"faith alone\" & soteriology, but moving on to a potpourri of \"hot button\" topics in the second half.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\"Reformation\" Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne), Pt. 2","og_description":"Critique of the Lutheran & \"Reformation\" outlook, again mostly focusing on \"faith alone\" & soteriology, but moving on to a potpourri of \"hot button\" topics in the second half.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html","og_site_name":"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism","article_published_time":"2026-04-18T15:04:03+00:00","og_image":[{"width":640,"height":832,"url":"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/572\/2026\/04\/Luther1546.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Dave Armstrong","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Dave Armstrong","Est. reading time":"29 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html","name":"\"Reformation\" Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne), Pt. 2","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-04-18T15:04:03+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-18T15:04:03+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/471eaa20e441eca4bb1ea50393cf632e"},"description":"Critique of the Lutheran & \"Reformation\" outlook, again mostly focusing on \"faith alone\" & soteriology, but moving on to a potpourri of \"hot button\" topics in the second half.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2026\/04\/reformation-debate-vs-lutheran-nathan-rinne-pt-2.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"&#8220;Reformation&#8221; Debate (vs. Lutheran Nathan Rinne), Pt. 2"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/","name":"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism","description":"Catholic biblical apologetics","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/471eaa20e441eca4bb1ea50393cf632e","name":"Dave Armstrong","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/820e6db89734ae7a9e5dac8d498f5ac7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/820e6db89734ae7a9e5dac8d498f5ac7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dave Armstrong"},"description":"Dave Armstrong is a Catholic author and apologist, who has been actively proclaiming and defending Christianity since 1981, and Catholicism in particular since 1991 (full-time since December 2001). Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \"This Rock\" (now called \"Catholic Answers Magazine\"), \"Envoy Magazine\" (Patrick Madrid), \"The Catholic Answer,\" \"The Coming Home Journal,\" \"Gilbert Magazine\" (American Chesterton Society), and \"The Latin Mass.\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \"The Michigan Catholic\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \"Envoy Magazine.\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \"Catholic Answers Live\" (twice), \"Faith and Family Live\" (Steve Wood), \"Kresta in the Afternoon,\" \"Son Rise Morning Show,\" \"Catholic Connection\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \"The Catholics Next Door.\" His large and popular website, \"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \"Envoy Magazine.\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \"index\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \"Surprised by Truth\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \"The Catholic Verses\" (2004), \"The One-Minute Apologist\" (2007), \"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\" (2009), \"The Quotable Newman\" (editor: 2012), and \"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \"The New Catholic Answer Bible\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \"Quotable Wesley\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. They have three sons and a daughter, and reside in southeast Michigan (metro Detroit).","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/author\/davearmstrong"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2331"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98225"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98225\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}