{"id":9854,"date":"2017-01-18T12:39:26","date_gmt":"2017-01-18T16:39:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/?p=9854"},"modified":"2017-01-18T12:39:26","modified_gmt":"2017-01-18T16:39:26","slug":"witnesses-hebrews-121-communion-saints","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/davearmstrong\/2017\/01\/witnesses-hebrews-121-communion-saints.html","title":{"rendered":"“Witnesses” of Hebrews 12:1 (Communion of Saints)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<\/head>

\"TheatrePhilippi\"<\/p>\n

Ancient Theatre in Philippi, built by Philip II in the 4th century BC. Photograph by Carol Raddato (4-7-12)<\/span> [Wikimedia Commons<\/a> \/\u00a0 Creative Commons<\/a> Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic<\/a> license]<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

(1998)<\/p>\n

*****<\/p>\n

This is the Greek word martus<\/i>, from which is derived the English word \u201cmartyr.\u201d<\/p>\n

1) Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament <\/i>(Joseph H. Thayer, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 4th ed., 1977; orig. 1901, 392) defines it \u2014 as used in this verse \u2014 as follows: \u201cOne who is a spectator of anything, e.g. of a contest, Heb 12:1.\u201d<\/p>\n

[Strong\u2019s word #3144; similar usages cited by Thayer: Lk 24:48; Acts 1:8; 1:22; 2:32; 3:15; 5:32; 10:39; 13:31; 26:16; 1 Pet 5:1 \u2013 the sense is indisputable in these other verses]<\/p>\n

2) Word Studies in the New Testament<\/i> (Marvin R. Vincent, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1980; orig. 1887; vol. 4, 536), another standard Protestant language source, comments on this verse as follows:<\/p>\n

\u2018Witnesses\u2019 does not mean\u00a0spectators,\u00a0<\/i>but those who have borne witness to the truth, as those enumerated in chapter 11. Yet the idea of spectators is implied, and is really the principal idea. The writer\u2019s picture is that of an arena in which the Christians whom he addresses are contending in a race, while the vast host of the heroes of faith who, after having borne witness to the truth, have entered into their heavenly rest, watches the contest from the encircling tiers of the arena, compassing and overhanging it like a cloud, filled with lively interest and sympathy, and lending heavenly aid.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/div>\n
3) Word Pictures in the New Testament<\/i> (A. T. Robertson [Baptist], Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman Press, 1932, vol. 5, 432), comments:<\/div>\n
\n
\u2018Cloud of witnesses\u2019 (nephos marturon\u00a0<\/i>. . . The metaphor refers to the great amphitheatre with the arena for the runners and the tiers upon tiers of seats rising up like a cloud. The\u00a0martures\u00a0<\/i>here are not mere spectators (theatai<\/i>), but testifiers (witnesses) who testify from their own experience (11:2,4-5, 33, 39) to God\u2019s fulfilling promises as shown in chapter 11.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[Note that the notion of \u201cspectators\u201d is the primary metaphor \u2014 the arena \u2014 so that both<\/i> meanings: that of spectators and witnesses in the sense of example<\/i> are present. Neither can be ruled out]<\/p>\n

4) Theological Dictionary of the New Testament<\/i>, (ed. Gerhard Kittel & Gerhard Friedrich; tr. and abridged by Geoffrey W. Bromiley, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1985; 567), an impeccable and widely-used linguistic (non-Catholic) source, states: \u201cIn Heb. 12:1 the witnesses watching the race seem to be confessing witnesses (cf. 11:2), but this does not exclude the element of factual witness.\u201d<\/p>\n

So our four non-Catholic language references all confirm that the element of \u201cspectatorship,\u201d which lends itself to the Catholic notion of communion of saints, where saints in heaven are aware of, and observe events on earth, is present in Hebrews 12:1, and cannot be ruled out by any means, on the basis of a doctrinal bias.<\/p>\n

Related Reading:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dialogue: Are Dead Saints Playing Harps or Interceding?<\/a> [2-15-06]<\/div>\n
*<\/div>\n
Dead Saints: Playing Harps on Clouds or Interceding?<\/a> [12-29-06]<\/div>\n
*\n
Bible on Invocation of Angels & Saved Human Beings<\/a> [6-10-08]<\/div>\n
*<\/div>\n
\u201cOne Mediator\u201d (1 Tim 2:5) vs. All Human Mediation?<\/a>\u00a0[10-14-08]<\/div>\n
*<\/div>\n
Invocation of the Saints = Necromancy?<\/a> [10-18-08]<\/div>\n
*<\/div>\n
Invocation of Saints & the Bible: Dialogue<\/a> [2-14-10]<\/div>\n
*<\/div>\n
\u201cWhy pray to a saint rather than to God?\u201d<\/a> [4-1-10]<\/div>\n
*<\/div>\n
Bible on Asking Dead Men to Intercede\u00a0(Luke 16) <\/a>[7-8-14]\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
*<\/div>\n
Dialogue with an Anglican on \u201cPraying to Mary,\u201d Patron Saints, Etc.<\/a>\u00a0(vs. Dr. Lydia McGrew) [11-10-14]<\/div>\n

*<\/p>\n

Praying to Angels & Angelic Intercession<\/a> [2015]
\n*<\/p>\n

Asking Saints to Intercede: Teaching of Jesus <\/a>[2015]<\/p>\n

*
\nWhy Pray to Saints Rather than God?<\/a> [9-4-15]<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Reply to a Lutheran Pastor on Invocation of Saints<\/a> [12-1-15]<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Dialogue on Praying to Abraham (Luke 16)<\/a> [5-22-16]<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Prayer to Saints: \u201cNew\u201d [?] Biblical Argument<\/a> [5-23-16]<\/p>\n

*****<\/p><\/div>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ancient Theatre in Philippi, built by Philip II in the 4th century BC. Photograph by Carol Raddato (4-7-12) [Wikimedia Commons \/\u00a0 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license] *** (1998) ***** This is the Greek word martus, from which is derived the English word \u201cmartyr.\u201d 1) Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Joseph H. Thayer, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2331,"featured_media":9857,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[206],"tags":[201,198,2397,1263,2396,372,195,265,263],"class_list":["post-9854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saints-purgatory-penance","tag-communion-of-saints","tag-intercession","tag-intercession-of-angels","tag-intercession-of-saints","tag-invocation-of-angels","tag-invocation-of-saints","tag-prayer","tag-veneration-of-angels","tag-veneration-of-saints"],"yoast_head":"\n"Witnesses" of Hebrews 12:1 (Communion of Saints)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The communion of saints is described in this passage: saints in heaven actively watching and "cheering on" those on the earth, as if in an arena.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \\\"Surprised by Truth\\\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \\\"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\\\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \\\"The Catholic Verses\\\" (2004), \\\"The One-Minute Apologist\\\" (2007), \\\"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\\\" (2009), \\\"The Quotable Newman\\\" (editor: 2012), and \\\"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\\\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \\\"The New Catholic Answer Bible\\\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \\\"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\\\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \\\"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\\\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \\\"Quotable Wesley\\\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. 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Formerly a campus missionary, as a Protestant, Dave was received into the Catholic Church in February 1991, by the late, well-known catechist and theologian, Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave\u2019s articles have appeared in many influential Catholic periodicals, including \"This Rock\" (now called \"Catholic Answers Magazine\"), \"Envoy Magazine\" (Patrick Madrid), \"The Catholic Answer,\" \"The Coming Home Journal,\" \"Gilbert Magazine\" (American Chesterton Society), and \"The Latin Mass.\" He also writes a featured column for every issue of \"The Michigan Catholic\": published by the archdiocese of Detroit, and was editor for most of the apologetics tracts published by the St. Paul Street Evangelization apostolate. Dave\u2019s apologetics and writing apostolate was the subject of a feature article in the May 2002 issue of \"Envoy Magazine.\" He served as the staff moderator at the Internet discussion forum for The Coming Home Network, from 2007-2010. Dave has been interviewed on many nationally syndicated Catholic radio shows, including \"Catholic Answers Live\" (twice), \"Faith and Family Live\" (Steve Wood), \"Kresta in the Afternoon,\" \"Son Rise Morning Show,\" \"Catholic Connection\" (Teresa Tomeo), and \"The Catholics Next Door.\" His large and popular website, \"Biblical Evidence for Catholicism,\" was online from March 1997 to March 2007, and received the 1998 Catholic Website of the Year award from \"Envoy Magazine.\" His blog of the same name (now transferred to Patheos), begun in February 2004, contains more than 1,500 papers, at least 500 debates or dialogues, and over 50 distinct \"index\" web pages. Unsolicited correspondence has indicated many hundreds of conversions (or returns) to the Catholic faith as a result, by God's grace, of these writings. Dave's conversion story was published in the bestselling book \"Surprised by Truth\" (edited by Patrick Madrid; San Diego: Basilica Press, 1994). Sophia Institute Press has published six of his books: \"A Biblical Defense of Catholicism\" (Foreword by Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J., 1996 \/ 2003), \"The Catholic Verses\" (2004), \"The One-Minute Apologist\" (2007), \"Bible Proofs for Catholic Truths\" (2009), \"The Quotable Newman\" (editor: 2012), and \"Proving the Catholic Faith is Biblical\" (2015). He is co-author (with Dr. Paul Thigpen) of the inserts for \"The New Catholic Answer Bible\" (Our Sunday Visitor: 2005), and editor for \"The Wisdom of Mr. Chesterton: The Very Best Quotes, Quips, and Cracks from the Pen of G. K. Chesterton\" (Saint Benedict Press \/ TAN Books: 2009). \"100 Biblical Arguments Against Sola Scriptura\" was published by Catholic Answers in May 2012. His \"Quotable Wesley\" compilation was published by (Protestant \/ Wesleyan publisher) Beacon Hill Press in April 2014. Several of his 49 books are bestsellers in their field. Dave maintains a popular personal Facebook page, a Facebook author page, and has a Twitter account as well. He offers almost all of his books in e-book form on his own Biblical Catholicism site (http:\/\/biblicalcatholicism.com\/), at a permanent deep discount: only $2.99 for ePub, mobi, and AZW, and $1.99 for PDF. His writing has been enthusiastically endorsed or recommended by many leading Catholic apologists, authors, and priests, including Dr. Scott Hahn, Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Marcus Grodi, Patrick Madrid, Steve Ray, Tim Staples, Devin Rose, Mike Aquilina, Al Kresta, Karl Keating, Fr. Dwight Longenecker, Brandon Vogt, Marcellino D'Ambrosio, and Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. Dave has been happily married to his wife Judy since October 1984. 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