{"id":228,"date":"2005-10-11T23:59:39","date_gmt":"2005-10-11T23:59:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2005\/10\/228\/"},"modified":"2005-10-11T23:59:39","modified_gmt":"2005-10-11T23:59:39","slug":"228","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2005\/10\/228\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Budget Games Don&#039;t Add Up"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><div class=\"flexinode-body flexinode-2\">\n<div class=\"form-item\">\n <label>URL Link:<\/label><br>\n <a href=\"http:\/\/http:\/\/hbswk.hbs.edu\/item.jhtml?id=5027&amp;t=finance&amp;wkrss=y\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/hbswk.hbs.edu\/item.jhtml?id=5027&amp;t=finance&amp;wkrss=y<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flexinode-textarea-7\">\n<div class=\"form-item\">\n <label>Highlights:<\/label>\n<p>It\u2019s budgeting time again, and several managers are up to their old tricks. The head of marketing presents a less-than-ambitious plan so he can exceed his targets and earn his bonus. A division manager is veiling her unit\u2019s flaws to win funding for her plan. The product development director insists that failing to invest in his idea will doom the company to the sidelines.<\/p>\n<p>Though such budgeting shenanigans have long been practiced, today they\u2019re increasingly worrisome, says Richard Steele, a New York-based partner at management consultancy Marakon Associates. During boom times, business leaders didn\u2019t care as much about budget trickery because resources were plentiful, says Steele, who is also coauthor with Craig Albright of \u201cGames Managers Play at Budget Time\u201d (Sloan Management Review, Spring 2004). \u201cBut in tough times, the behavior is getting more attention,\u201d says Steele, and executives are less willing to tolerate it.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, in this age marked by corporate malfeasance, questionable budget behavior carries the whiff of poor ethics. \u201cIt\u2019s a small step from budget tricks to outright unethical behavior,\u201d says Steele, \u201cand more executives are aware that a reputation for dishonesty can seriously hurt their firm\u2019s market value.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In addition, every investment dollar counts more than ever. If the money doesn\u2019t go where it\u2019s needed, revenue investments suffer, he says.<\/p>\n<p>Yes, in the short run, budget games may pay individual managers dividends in the form of healthy resources and achievable bonuses. But in the long run, executives who tolerate budget games \u201chelp create a culture of underperformance, or what we call a mediocracy,\u201d says Steele, and they set the stage for ongoing underperformance.<\/p>\n<p>And, ultimately, when the company underperforms, everyone suffers. To avoid this scenario, you need to identify questionable behavior and intervene promptly.<\/p>\n<p>Five faces of budget trickery<br>\nSteele and Albright identify five especially insidious types given to playing budget games:<\/p>\n<p>The Sandbagger. Sandbaggers arrive at budget meetings with plans that are less ambitious than ones they know they could fulfill. They argue for incremental improvement goals so they can more easily meet those objectives, win bonuses, and appear to be heroes. These tricksters are particularly active during tough times, when resources are tightest.<\/p>\n<p>Sandbagging is particularly difficult to spot, and challenging it often leads to defensiveness from its practitioners. As Steele points out, \u201cA sandbagging manager, when challenged, might say, \u2018Look, I\u2019m the one closest to my market. Are you saying I don\u2019t know my own business? You\u2019ve delegated this work to me; don\u2019t you trust me?'\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Magician. Magicians know things about their business\u2014a large customer\u2019s intent to defect, a key manager\u2019s imminent departure\u2014that don\u2019t appear in their budget figures. But they conceal those realities and divert attention to more positive aspects of their operation to win their funding. Often coming up through the finance ranks, they find it relatively easy to manipulate their numbers. But after they\u2019ve been allowed to work their \u201cmagic\u201d several times, serious damage can be inflicted on the culture.<\/p>\n<p>The Lone Agent. Lone agents claim they shouldn\u2019t have to conform to the usual conventions because their business is supposedly unique. They demand special treatment\u2014such as exemption from cost-cutting requirements that everyone else must fulfill.<\/p>\n<p>The Visionary. Visionaries tout \u201cbreakthrough\u201d technologies or services that will \u201crevolutionize\u201d the industry\u2014appealing to emotions when they can\u2019t produce feasible numbers. Claiming that they can\u2019t quantify the value of their plan because it won\u2019t pay off for a while, they argue that short-term underperformance is worth tolerating. Many are technologists taken with the latest advances or marketers imbued with the typical fervor of extroverts.<\/p>\n<p>Visionaries are more common during boom times or in industries that are rapidly changing.<\/p>\n<p>The Hostage Taker. Hostage takers also tend to proliferate during flush times, insisting that they can deliver major, immediate results if given the lion\u2019s share of available resources. They expect executives to bet the company on their plan. They have the potential to damage their company the most by overexposing it to a single high-risk opportunity.<\/p>\n<p>An array of defenses<br>\nEach type of budget gamer causes unique forms of damage and requires a unique intervention. (See \u201cStemming the Damage.\u201d) But Steele argues that executives must also apply higher-level strategies to discourage gaming in general.<\/p>\n<p>Create decision support units. Strategic-decision support units, as Steele calls them, sit in strategy or finance functions and operate independently of business units. These groups develop parallel plans based on external market realities and competitors\u2019 tactics, laying out the assumptions behind the plan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWith the strategic-decision support unit in place, managers know they\u2019ll be challenged,\u201d says Steele. If they chafe at being challenged, \u201cremind them that the goal is to provide a second opinion so as to improve plans for everyone\u2019s benefit.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Revise 360s. Another strategy entails revising the peer portion of a 360-degree performance review to help signal any tendencies toward questionable budgeting practices. Steele suggests posing peer-review questions such as, \u201cDoes this person accept and contribute to our corporate goals as he should?\u201d \u201cDoes he accept and respond to peer challenge?\u201d \u201cDoes he lay out plans that are ambitious relative to competitors\u2019?\u201d \u201cAre his alternatives credible?\u201d \u201cWhat causes you to draw these conclusions about him?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>By revising the peer-review process in this way, Steele says, \u201cyou link personal feedback, which is often abstract, back to budgeting, when behaviors are actually demonstrated\u2014it\u2019s a much more powerful perspective.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Reframe the debate to focus on the customers. Framing budget debates to focus on customers helps get below the skin of the financials. Say you suspect a manager of sandbagging. Steele advises \u201cchallenging the assumptions behind his less-than-ambitious goals on the basis of his customer knowledge. Ask, \u2018How many customers have you lost this year? How many would you have to acquire to meet a higher target? What pricing changes would enable you to get those customers? What does that mean for relative price?'\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Create budget-approval standards. Finally, Steele suggests working through a checklist of standards with managers in budget-planning meetings. He recommends three categories of standards:<\/p>\n<p>   1. Execution: Ask questions that help you determine whether the proposed plan can be delivered\u2014for example, \u201cIs it grounded in market realities?\u201d \u201cAre the timing and anticipated results realistic?\u201d \u201cCan we monitor the plan\u2019s performance quickly enough to make appropriate midcourse corrections?\u201d \u201cHave we identified resource bottlenecks?\u201d<br>\n   2. Strategy: Determine whether the plan is sound strategically\u2014for instance, \u201cHave we explored enough alternatives for high-stakes opportunities?\u201d \u201cHave we prioritized ideas according to the value they generate for customers and our company?\u201d<br>\n   3. Investment: Ask if the proposed plan can be properly resourced\u2014for example, \u201cCan our available resources accommodate our competitors\u2019 countermoves and our customers\u2019 responses to the plan?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Budgeting games won\u2019t ever disappear completely. But by familiarizing yourself with some of the more common and destructive forms\u2014as well as applying strong countermeasures\u2014you can minimize the damage not only to your company but also to everyone in it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flexinode-textfield-6\">\n<div class=\"form-item\">\n <label>Source:<\/label><br>\n HBS Working Knowledge\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flexinode-body flexinode-2\">\n<div class=\"form-item\">\n <label>URL Link:<\/label><br \/>\n <a href=\"http:\/\/http:\/\/hbswk.hbs.edu\/item.jhtml?id=5027&amp;t=finance&amp;wkrss=y\">http:\/\/hbswk.hbs.edu\/item.jhtml?id=5027&amp;t=finance&amp;wkrss=y<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flexinode-textarea-7\">\n<div class=\"form-item\">\n <label>Highlights:<\/label><\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s budgeting time again, and several managers are up to their old tricks. The head of marketing presents a less-than-ambitious plan so he can exceed his targets and earn his bonus. A division manager is veiling her unit&#8217;s flaws to win funding for her plan. The product development director insists that failing to invest in his idea will doom the company to the sidelines.<\/p>\n<p>Though such budgeting shenanigans have long been practiced, today they&#8217;re increasingly worrisome, says Richard Steele, a New York-based partner at management consultancy Marakon Associates. During boom times, business leaders didn&#8217;t care as much about budget trickery because resources were plentiful, says Steele, who is also coauthor with Craig Albright of &#8220;Games Managers Play at Budget Time&#8221; (Sloan Management Review, Spring 2004). &#8220;But in tough times, the behavior is getting more attention,&#8221; says Steele, and executives are less willing to tolerate it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flexinode-textfield-6\">\n<div class=\"form-item\">\n <label>Source:<\/label><br \/>\n HBS Working Knowledge\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1517,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why Budget Games Don&#039;t Add Up<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"URL Link: http:\/\/hbswk.hbs.edu\/item.jhtml?id=5027&amp;t=finance&amp;wkrss=y  Highlights: It&#039;s budgeting time again, and several managers are up to their old tricks. The head of marketing presents a less-than-ambitious plan so he can exceed his targets and earn his bonus. A division manager is veiling her unit&#039;s flaws to win funding for her plan. The product development director insists that failing to invest in his idea will doom the company to the sidelines. Though such budgeting shenanigans have long been practiced, today they&#039;re increasingly worrisome, says Richard Steele, a New York-based partner at management consultancy Marakon Associates. During boom times, business leaders didn&#039;t care as much about budget trickery because resources were plentiful, says Steele, who is also coauthor with Craig Albright of &quot;Games Managers Play at Budget Time&quot; (Sloan Management Review, Spring 2004). &quot;But in tough times, the behavior is getting more attention,&quot; says Steele, and executives are less willing to tolerate it.  Source: HBS Working Knowledge\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2005\/10\/228\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Budget Games Don&#039;t Add Up\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"URL Link: http:\/\/hbswk.hbs.edu\/item.jhtml?id=5027&amp;t=finance&amp;wkrss=y  Highlights: It&#039;s budgeting time again, and several managers are up to their old tricks. The head of marketing presents a less-than-ambitious plan so he can exceed his targets and earn his bonus. A division manager is veiling her unit&#039;s flaws to win funding for her plan. The product development director insists that failing to invest in his idea will doom the company to the sidelines. Though such budgeting shenanigans have long been practiced, today they&#039;re increasingly worrisome, says Richard Steele, a New York-based partner at management consultancy Marakon Associates. During boom times, business leaders didn&#039;t care as much about budget trickery because resources were plentiful, says Steele, who is also coauthor with Craig Albright of &quot;Games Managers Play at Budget Time&quot; (Sloan Management Review, Spring 2004). &quot;But in tough times, the behavior is getting more attention,&quot; says Steele, and executives are less willing to tolerate it.  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The head of marketing presents a less-than-ambitious plan so he can exceed his targets and earn his bonus. A division manager is veiling her unit's flaws to win funding for her plan. The product development director insists that failing to invest in his idea will doom the company to the sidelines. Though such budgeting shenanigans have long been practiced, today they're increasingly worrisome, says Richard Steele, a New York-based partner at management consultancy Marakon Associates. During boom times, business leaders didn't care as much about budget trickery because resources were plentiful, says Steele, who is also coauthor with Craig Albright of \\\"Games Managers Play at Budget Time\\\" (Sloan Management Review, Spring 2004). \\\"But in tough times, the behavior is getting more attention,\\\" says Steele, and executives are less willing to tolerate it. 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