{"id":8286,"date":"2009-06-13T05:52:50","date_gmt":"2009-06-13T05:52:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2009\/06\/akbars-intriguing-departure-his-predecessors\/"},"modified":"2009-06-13T05:52:50","modified_gmt":"2009-06-13T05:52:50","slug":"akbars-intriguing-departure-his-predecessors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2009\/06\/akbars-intriguing-departure-his-predecessors\/","title":{"rendered":"Akbar&#039;s Intriguing departure from his predecessors"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p>Today I downloaded a book from Project Gutenberg \u2013 a source of free books whose copyrights have expired.  This book is titled \u201cAkbar, Emperor of India\u201d written by Richard von Garbe (Rector of the University of Tubingen) reprinted in April, 1909.[1]<\/p>\n<p>The author talks of how Akbar was one of the finest ruler that India and indeed the world has known.  Probably his greatest strength was in defying the odds of his upbringing and still becoming a gentle, wise, and caring person.  He also set aside rules and laws that in Islam came directly from Mohammad \u2013 like Jizya (called Poll tax here in the book).  His spiritual development was indeed remarkable given the raw material that he got.  Remember, he was the successor of Timur and Babar \u2013 both barbarians (according to the book, Timur slaughtered 100,000 prisoners he captured on way to Delhi in ONE DAY!) \u2013 and son of Humayun \u2013 an opium drugged idiot who lived most of his life in exile.<\/p>\n<p>It was the influence of Akbar\u2019s tutor Mir Abdul Latif that really made him what he was.  But interestingly there was another factor to Akbar\u2019s personality that led him to break free of the Islamic rules that his predecessors had followed the world over through the history.  Akbar was BOTH, Sunni and Shia!  His father was Sunni, while his mother was Shia. And.. he was born at the home of a Hindu.  He had suffered discrimination himself.[2]<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In Persia he was persecuted because he was a Sunni, while in India he was mistrusted for being Shi\u2019a. Throughout Akbar\u2019s life one finds examples of his religious questing and tolerance. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><!--break--><br>\nThe author pays glowing tribute to Akbar in how he developed his spiritual paradigm despite his background and the ecosystem he grew up in:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Still, however high we may value the influence of this teacher, the<br>\nmain point lay in Akbar\u2019s own endowments, his susceptibility for such<br>\nteaching as never before had struck root with any Mohammedan prince.<br>\n<strong>Akbar had not his equal in the history of Islam. \u201cHe is the only<br>\nprince grown up in the Mohammedan creed whose endeavor it was to<br>\nennoble the limitation of this most separatistic of all religions into<br>\na true religion of humanity.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In this sense, it would seem that Akbar was the first and probably the only Mohammedan\/Muslim ruler who was tolerant and indeed non-discriminating.  The account below, though long, discusses that rather well.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Akbar and abolition of Jizya<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Akbar also introduced a new uniform standard of coinage, but<br>\nstipulated that the older coins which were still current should be<br>\naccepted from peasants for their full face value. From all this the<br>\nIndian peasants could see that Emperor Akbar not only desired strict<br>\njustice to rule but also wished to further their interests, and the<br>\npeasants had always comprised the greatest part of the inhabitants,<br>\n(even according to the latest census in 1903, vol. I, p. 3, 50 to 84<br>\npercent of the inhabitants of India live by agriculture). But Akbar<br>\nsucceeded best in winning the hearts of the native inhabitants by<br>\nlifting the hated poll tax which still existed side by side with all<br>\nother taxes.<\/p>\n<p>The founder of Islam had given the philanthropical command to<br>\nexterminate from the face of the earth all followers of other faiths<br>\nwho were not converted to Islam, but he had already convinced himself<br>\nthat it was impossible to execute this law. And, indeed, if the<br>\nMohammedans had followed out this precept, how would they have been<br>\nable to overthrow land upon land and finally even thickly populated<br>\nIndia where the so-called unbelievers comprised an overwhelming<br>\nmajority? Therefore in place of complete extermination the more<br>\npractical arrangement of the poll tax was instituted, and this was to<br>\nbe paid by all unbelievers in order to be a constant reminder to them<br>\nof the loss of their independence. This humiliating burden which was<br>\nstill executed in the strictest, most inconsiderate manner, <strong>Akbar<br>\nremoved in the year 1565 without regard to the very considerable loss<br>\nto the state\u2019s treasury. Nine years later followed the removal of the<br>\ntax upon religious assemblies and pilgrimages, the execution of which<br>\nhad likewise kept the Hindus in constant bitterness towards their<br>\nMohammedan rulers.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sometime previous to these reforms Akbar had abolished a custom so<br>\ndisgusting that we can hardly comprehend that it ever could have<br>\nlegally existed. <strong>At any rate it alone is sufficient to brand Islam and<br>\nits supreme contempt for followers of other faiths, with one of the<br>\ngreatest stains in the history of humanity. When a tax-collector<br>\ngathered the taxes of the Hindus and the payment had been made, the<br>\nHindu was required \u201cwithout the slightest sign of fear of defilement\u201d<br>\nto open his mouth in order that the tax collector might spit in it if<br>\nhe wished to do so.<\/strong>[11] This was much more than a disgusting<br>\nhumiliation. When the tax-collector availed himself of this privilege<br>\nthe Hindu lost thereby his greatest possession, his caste, and was<br>\nshut out from any intercourse with his equals. Accordingly he was<br>\ncompelled to pass his whole life trembling in terror before this<br>\nhorrible evil which threatened him. That a man of Akbar\u2019s nobility of<br>\ncharacter should remove such an atrocious, yes devilish, decree seems<br>\nto us a matter of course; but for the Hindus it was an enormous<br>\nbeneficence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reference Links:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/14134\/14134-8.txt\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\" rel=\"nofollow\">Akbar, Emperor of India<\/a><br>\n2. <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.360.yahoo.com\/blog-wK0SX_k7dK5WgkkX01QOYwuwFxzFNQ--?cq=1&amp;tag=peacockthrone\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Path of the Masters<\/a><\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today I downloaded a book from Project Gutenberg &#8211; a source of free books whose copyrights have expired.  This book is titled &#8220;Akbar, Emperor of India&#8221; written by Richard von Garbe (Rector of the University of Tubingen) reprinted in April, 1909.[1]<\/p>\n<p>The author talks of how Akbar was one of the finest ruler that India and indeed the world has known.  Probably his greatest strength was in defying the odds of his upbringing and still becoming a gentle, wise, and caring person.  He also set aside rules and laws that in Islam came directly from Mohammad &#8211; like Jizya (called Poll tax here in the book).  His spiritual development was indeed remarkable given the raw material that he got.  Remember, he was the successor of Timur and Babar &#8211; both barbarians (according to the book, Timur slaughtered 100,000 prisoners he captured on way to Delhi in ONE DAY!) &#8211; and son of Humayun &#8211; an opium drugged idiot who lived most of his life in exile.<\/p>\n<p>It was the influence of Akbar&#8217;s tutor Mir Abdul Latif that really made him what he was.  But interestingly there was another factor to Akbar&#8217;s personality that led him to break free of the Islamic rules that his predecessors had followed the world over through the history.  Akbar was BOTH, Sunni and Shia!  His father was Sunni, while his mother was Shia. And.. he was born at the home of a Hindu.  He had suffered discrimination himself.[2]<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In Persia he was persecuted because he was a Sunni, while in India he was mistrusted for being Shi&#8217;a. Throughout Akbar&#8217;s life one finds examples of his religious questing and tolerance. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"author":1517,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Akbar&#039;s Intriguing departure from his predecessors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Today I downloaded a book from Project Gutenberg - a source of free books whose copyrights have expired. This book is titled &quot;Akbar, Emperor of India&quot; written by Richard von Garbe (Rector of the University of Tubingen) reprinted in April, 1909. The author talks of how Akbar was one of the finest ruler that India and indeed the world has known. Probably his greatest strength was in defying the odds of his upbringing and still becoming a gentle, wise, and caring person. He also set aside rules and laws that in Islam came directly from Mohammad - like Jizya (called Poll tax here in the book). His spiritual development was indeed remarkable given the raw material that he got. Remember, he was the successor of Timur and Babar - both barbarians (according to the book, Timur slaughtered 100,000 prisoners he captured on way to Delhi in ONE DAY!) - and son of Humayun - an opium drugged idiot who lived most of his life in exile. It was the influence of Akbar&#039;s tutor Mir Abdul Latif that really made him what he was. But interestingly there was another factor to Akbar&#039;s personality that led him to break free of the Islamic rules that his predecessors had followed the world over through the history. Akbar was BOTH, Sunni and Shia! His father was Sunni, while his mother was Shia. And.. he was born at the home of a Hindu. He had suffered discrimination himself. In Persia he was persecuted because he was a Sunni, while in India he was mistrusted for being Shi&#039;a. Throughout Akbar&#039;s life one finds examples of his religious questing and tolerance.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2009\/06\/akbars-intriguing-departure-his-predecessors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Akbar&#039;s Intriguing departure from his predecessors\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Today I downloaded a book from Project Gutenberg - a source of free books whose copyrights have expired. This book is titled &quot;Akbar, Emperor of India&quot; written by Richard von Garbe (Rector of the University of Tubingen) reprinted in April, 1909. The author talks of how Akbar was one of the finest ruler that India and indeed the world has known. Probably his greatest strength was in defying the odds of his upbringing and still becoming a gentle, wise, and caring person. He also set aside rules and laws that in Islam came directly from Mohammad - like Jizya (called Poll tax here in the book). His spiritual development was indeed remarkable given the raw material that he got. Remember, he was the successor of Timur and Babar - both barbarians (according to the book, Timur slaughtered 100,000 prisoners he captured on way to Delhi in ONE DAY!) - and son of Humayun - an opium drugged idiot who lived most of his life in exile. It was the influence of Akbar&#039;s tutor Mir Abdul Latif that really made him what he was. But interestingly there was another factor to Akbar&#039;s personality that led him to break free of the Islamic rules that his predecessors had followed the world over through the history. Akbar was BOTH, Sunni and Shia! His father was Sunni, while his mother was Shia. And.. he was born at the home of a Hindu. He had suffered discrimination himself. In Persia he was persecuted because he was a Sunni, while in India he was mistrusted for being Shi&#039;a. Throughout Akbar&#039;s life one finds examples of his religious questing and tolerance.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2009\/06\/akbars-intriguing-departure-his-predecessors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Drishtikone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2009-06-13T05:52:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Desh Kapoor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Desh Kapoor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2009\/06\/akbars-intriguing-departure-his-predecessors\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2009\/06\/akbars-intriguing-departure-his-predecessors\/\",\"name\":\"Akbar&#039;s Intriguing departure from his predecessors\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2009-06-13T05:52:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2009-06-13T05:52:50+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/#\/schema\/person\/e24bcebf9da3425dd595b71543245311\"},\"description\":\"Today I downloaded a book from Project Gutenberg - a source of free books whose copyrights have expired. This book is titled \\\"Akbar, Emperor of India\\\" written by Richard von Garbe (Rector of the University of Tubingen) reprinted in April, 1909. The author talks of how Akbar was one of the finest ruler that India and indeed the world has known. Probably his greatest strength was in defying the odds of his upbringing and still becoming a gentle, wise, and caring person. He also set aside rules and laws that in Islam came directly from Mohammad - like Jizya (called Poll tax here in the book). His spiritual development was indeed remarkable given the raw material that he got. Remember, he was the successor of Timur and Babar - both barbarians (according to the book, Timur slaughtered 100,000 prisoners he captured on way to Delhi in ONE DAY!) - and son of Humayun - an opium drugged idiot who lived most of his life in exile. It was the influence of Akbar's tutor Mir Abdul Latif that really made him what he was. But interestingly there was another factor to Akbar's personality that led him to break free of the Islamic rules that his predecessors had followed the world over through the history. Akbar was BOTH, Sunni and Shia! His father was Sunni, while his mother was Shia. And.. he was born at the home of a Hindu. He had suffered discrimination himself. In Persia he was persecuted because he was a Sunni, while in India he was mistrusted for being Shi'a. 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His spiritual development was indeed remarkable given the raw material that he got. Remember, he was the successor of Timur and Babar - both barbarians (according to the book, Timur slaughtered 100,000 prisoners he captured on way to Delhi in ONE DAY!) - and son of Humayun - an opium drugged idiot who lived most of his life in exile. It was the influence of Akbar's tutor Mir Abdul Latif that really made him what he was. But interestingly there was another factor to Akbar's personality that led him to break free of the Islamic rules that his predecessors had followed the world over through the history. Akbar was BOTH, Sunni and Shia! His father was Sunni, while his mother was Shia. And.. he was born at the home of a Hindu. He had suffered discrimination himself. In Persia he was persecuted because he was a Sunni, while in India he was mistrusted for being Shi'a. Throughout Akbar's life one finds examples of his religious questing and tolerance.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2009\/06\/akbars-intriguing-departure-his-predecessors\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Akbar&#039;s Intriguing departure from his predecessors","og_description":"Today I downloaded a book from Project Gutenberg - a source of free books whose copyrights have expired. This book is titled \"Akbar, Emperor of India\" written by Richard von Garbe (Rector of the University of Tubingen) reprinted in April, 1909. The author talks of how Akbar was one of the finest ruler that India and indeed the world has known. Probably his greatest strength was in defying the odds of his upbringing and still becoming a gentle, wise, and caring person. He also set aside rules and laws that in Islam came directly from Mohammad - like Jizya (called Poll tax here in the book). His spiritual development was indeed remarkable given the raw material that he got. Remember, he was the successor of Timur and Babar - both barbarians (according to the book, Timur slaughtered 100,000 prisoners he captured on way to Delhi in ONE DAY!) - and son of Humayun - an opium drugged idiot who lived most of his life in exile. It was the influence of Akbar's tutor Mir Abdul Latif that really made him what he was. But interestingly there was another factor to Akbar's personality that led him to break free of the Islamic rules that his predecessors had followed the world over through the history. Akbar was BOTH, Sunni and Shia! His father was Sunni, while his mother was Shia. And.. he was born at the home of a Hindu. He had suffered discrimination himself. In Persia he was persecuted because he was a Sunni, while in India he was mistrusted for being Shi'a. 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But interestingly there was another factor to Akbar's personality that led him to break free of the Islamic rules that his predecessors had followed the world over through the history. Akbar was BOTH, Sunni and Shia! His father was Sunni, while his mother was Shia. And.. he was born at the home of a Hindu. He had suffered discrimination himself. In Persia he was persecuted because he was a Sunni, while in India he was mistrusted for being Shi'a. Throughout Akbar's life one finds examples of his religious questing and tolerance.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2009\/06\/akbars-intriguing-departure-his-predecessors\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2009\/06\/akbars-intriguing-departure-his-predecessors\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/2009\/06\/akbars-intriguing-departure-his-predecessors\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Akbar&#039;s Intriguing departure from his predecessors"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/","name":"Drishtikone","description":"Perspective on Life and World from Hindu and Indian standpoints","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/#\/schema\/person\/e24bcebf9da3425dd595b71543245311","name":"Desh Kapoor","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/drishtikone\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3cc132f0b1d11236e6dc28b12e598a23?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3cc132f0b1d11236e6dc28b12e598a23?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Desh Kapoor"},"description":"Making sense of the world via the perspective of Dharma and Hinduism. 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