{"id":9221,"date":"2016-08-26T07:30:03","date_gmt":"2016-08-26T11:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/?p=9221"},"modified":"2016-08-26T07:30:03","modified_gmt":"2016-08-26T11:30:03","slug":"they-will-never-take-our-freedom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/","title":{"rendered":"They Will Never Take Our Freedom"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p>Although I read incessantly, I don\u2019t read a lot of magazines. The only magazine I currently subscribe to is <em>The Atlantic<\/em>\u2014I appreciate the excellent writing and quirky features, but don\u2019t exactly wait by the mailbox for each monthly edition to show up. Instead, they tend to pile up on the little table next to my side of the bed, waiting to be perused when I am between authors in my novel reading. I\u2019m currently in one of those spaces, having just finished my fourth consecutive Arturo P\u00e9rez-Reverte mystery a few days ago and not ready to start a new, large reading project just a week before the semester starts. <a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/394-Theyll-Never-Take-Our-Freedom.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-9224\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/394-Theyll-Never-Take-Our-Freedom.jpg\" alt=\"394-They'll Never Take Our Freedom\" width=\"208\" height=\"242\"><\/a>Accordingly, I started plowing through the three summer editions of <em>The Atlantic<\/em> that have accumulated on my nightstand since June. Inside the June edition, whose cover includes two-thirds of Donald Trump\u2019s head peeking in from the right side announcing a lead article entitled \u201cThe Mind of Donald Trump\u201d (an oxymoron if I ever saw one), I found this: \u201cThere\u2019s No Such Thing as Free Will\u2014Here\u2019s why we all may be better off believing in it anyway.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2016\/06\/theres-no-such-thing-as-free-will\/480750\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Stephen Cave: There\u2019s No Such Thing As Free Will<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/Cave.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-9225\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/Cave.jpg\" alt=\"Cave\" width=\"100\" height=\"150\"><\/a>The article is by Stephen Cave, a philosopher who runs a \u201cCenter for the Future of Intelligence\u201d at the University of Cambridge. His article is well-written and engaging\u2014so much so that I suspect he may have had help with it. Trust me, I know whereof I speak. I have spent over twenty-five years learning to write in ways that make core philosophical issues accessible and interesting to non-philosophers\u2014it ain\u2019t easy. First, it\u2019s important to clarify what philosophers usually are referring to when they use terms like \u201cfree will\u201d or \u201cfreedom.\u201d <strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Just before the final battle in his 1995 epic \u201cBraveheart,\u201d Mel Gibson\u2019s William Wallace screams to the Scottish army that <strong>They may take our lives, but they\u2019ll never take our freedom!!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Braveheart - They can take our lives, but they will never take our freedom\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0zFAvzf0Mv0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>That sort of freedom, the kind enshrined in this country\u2019s founding documents as \u201crights\u201d that each citizen possesses and that must not be violated or taken away, is not what philosophers mean by freedom.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, \u201cfree will\u201d refers to the human ability to choose, for a person to deliberate between options and eventually choose, then act on one of the options, all the time knowing that she or he did not <strong>have<\/strong> to choose that option\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/decision.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-9226\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/decision.jpg\" alt=\"decision\" width=\"225\" height=\"150\"><\/a>in other words, she or he could have chosen otherwise. This vaunted human ability to freely choose is, for many (including me), the fundamental and defining feature of what it means to be human. Stephen Cave points out that our legal systems, as well as our general beliefs concerning praise, blame, reward, punishment, and all things moral depend on our basic belief in human free will. And it is under attack\u2014scientists, psychologists, philosophers, and just about everyone \u201cin the know\u201d have been trying to take it away for decades.<\/p>\n<p>The \u201cfree will issue\u201d is a go-to problem in all philosophy courses, the philosophical version of the divine foreknowledge\/free will problem in theology. Just it is impossible to make room for free choice in a world governed by an omniscient deity, so in a world where everything that occurs is governed in a cause-and-effect manner by the physical laws of matter, there is no room for true human free will. Cave points out that at least since Darwin argued in <em>The of Species<\/em> that everything about human beings\u2014including our vaunted reasoning abilities where the ability to choose is located\u2014is a result of natural evolutionary processes rather than a mystical, magical, or divine \u201cspark\u201d that lies outside the physical laws of matter, <a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/illusion.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-9227\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/illusion-300x229.jpg\" alt=\"illusion\" width=\"300\" height=\"229\"><\/a>science has reinforced the conclusion that whatever human consciousness and deliberate choice are, they are to be placed squarely in the material world. Making it impossible, of course, to squeeze out the special place we desire for choice. Our choices may \u201cfeel\u201d free, \u201cas if\u201d they are up to us, but Cave pulls no punches in describing the truth about us:<\/p>\n<p><strong>The contemporary scientific image of human behavior is one of neurons firing, causing other neurons to fire, causing our thoughts and deeds, in an unbroken chain that stretches back to our birth and beyond. In principle, we are therefore completely predictable. If we could understand any individual\u2019s brain architecture and chemistry well enough, we could, in theory, predict that individual\u2019s response to any given stimulus with 100 percent accuracy.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Experiments by psychologists and neuroscientists have shown that the brain\u2019s neurons fire in new patterns causing a specific action <strong>before<\/strong> a person consciously \u201cchooses\u201d to act\u2014indicating that my conscious \u201cchoice\u201d is an illusion that actually doesn\u2019t cause anything. <a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/nature-nurture.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-9229\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/nature-nurture.jpg\" alt=\"nature nurture\" width=\"225\" height=\"152\"><\/a>Debates rage concerning how much a human\u2019s actions are caused by \u201cnature\u201d\u2014one\u2019s hardwiring\u2014and how much is caused by \u201cnurture\u201d\u2014one\u2019s environment\u2014but there is general agreement that none of them are caused by conscious choice. We are determined through and through.<\/p>\n<p>The ensuing\u00a0discussion is often amusingly similar to conversations that couples considering a divorce might have: Should we tell the children, and if so, when? In the service of all truth all the time, some argue that non-philosophers and non-scientists should be made aware that free choice is an illusion and they should stop believing in it. Others insist that such a revelation would be damaging to the basic human\u2019s commitment to morality, law, reward, punishment, and all of the other cool things that rely on our apparently mistaken belief that our choices make a difference and that we are responsible for them. My own classroom experiences indicate that it doesn\u2019t matter. I regularly use a very simple thought experiment with my students at the beginning of the \u201cfree will\u201d unit on the syllabus:<\/p>\n<p><em>Suppose that in the near future a super-duper computer can read your brain and physiology sufficiently to predict the rest of your life, from large events to the minutest second-to-second thoughts and feelings, from now until you die. For a nominal fee you can purchase a printout of every event, thought, and feeling that you will experience for the rest of your life. Some printouts will be yards in length, while others will be very short. Do you want to see yours?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In a typical class of twenty-five students, no more than one or two students will say that she or he wants to see it. Why? Because even with direct proof available that the rest of my history is determined down to the minutest level\u2014including my \u201cfree\u201d choices\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/illusion.png\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-9230\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/illusion.png\" alt=\"illusion\" width=\"171\" height=\"200\"><\/a>I prefer to believe that my choices make a difference in my life and in the world around me. I prefer to embrace the illusion. It appears, in other words, that human beings are determined to believe that they are not fully determined.<\/p>\n<p>On this particular issue I find myself swimming against the tide. I not only believe that human beings have the ability, at least on occasion, to make choices that are not entirely determined by their biology, history, and environment\u2014I also believe that this ability is not an illusion. It\u2019s real. The free will\/determinism issue as contemporary philosophy defines it has its current shape because virtually everyone accepts a starting assumption\u2014everything that exists is material stuff subject to inflexible physical laws. Given that assumption, the claim that human beings have the capacity to jump outside the limitations of matter and make choices that avoid the determinism of cause and effect makes no sense. But as I often tell my students, if the answers one is getting are unacceptable, change the question. If the ability to freely choose is fundamental to what a human being is, and if our current assumptions about how reality is constructed make no room for that ability, then perhaps instead of accepting that choice is an illusion we should challenge the assumptions that forced us to this acceptance. Be watching for \u201cWhat Freedom Amounts To\u201d next week, where I\u2019ll describe a very different way to think about human choice!<a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/Horatio.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9231\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/766\/2016\/08\/Horatio.jpg\" alt=\"Horatio\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Although I read incessantly, I don\u2019t read a lot of magazines. The only magazine I currently subscribe to is The Atlantic\u2014I appreciate the excellent writing and quirky features, but don\u2019t exactly wait by the mailbox for each monthly edition to show up. Instead, they tend to pile up on the little table next to my [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2938,"featured_media":9227,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,20,40,43,45,48,66,73,75,94,104],"tags":[197,242,383,388,434,463],"class_list":["post-9221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-belief","category-change","category-god","category-heaven","category-history","category-human-nature","category-movies","category-philosophy","category-politics","category-teaching","category-writing","tag-donald-trump","tag-god","tag-philosophy","tag-politics","tag-shakespeare","tag-teaching"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>They Will Never Take Our Freedom<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Many philosophical issues have few practical implications. The free will issue is not one of them.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"They Will Never Take Our Freedom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Many philosophical issues have few practical implications. The free will issue is not one of them.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Freelance Christianity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vance.morgan.98\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-08-26T11:30:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Vance Morgan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@thorsenchair\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Vance Morgan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/\",\"name\":\"They Will Never Take Our Freedom\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2016-08-26T11:30:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-08-26T11:30:03+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/#\/schema\/person\/9ffe9888ede843e484dbcb38655d36d8\"},\"description\":\"Many philosophical issues have few practical implications. The free will issue is not one of them.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"They Will Never Take Our Freedom\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/\",\"name\":\"Freelance Christianity\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/#\/schema\/person\/9ffe9888ede843e484dbcb38655d36d8\",\"name\":\"Vance Morgan\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b4eb28c453d426f418c37a0d5c661cb1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b4eb28c453d426f418c37a0d5c661cb1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Vance Morgan\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vance.morgan.98\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/thorsenchair\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/author\/vancemorgan\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"They Will Never Take Our Freedom","description":"Many philosophical issues have few practical implications. The free will issue is not one of them.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"They Will Never Take Our Freedom","og_description":"Many philosophical issues have few practical implications. The free will issue is not one of them.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/","og_site_name":"Freelance Christianity","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vance.morgan.98","article_published_time":"2016-08-26T11:30:03+00:00","author":"Vance Morgan","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@thorsenchair","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Vance Morgan","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/","name":"They Will Never Take Our Freedom","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/#website"},"datePublished":"2016-08-26T11:30:03+00:00","dateModified":"2016-08-26T11:30:03+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/#\/schema\/person\/9ffe9888ede843e484dbcb38655d36d8"},"description":"Many philosophical issues have few practical implications. The free will issue is not one of them.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/they-will-never-take-our-freedom\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"They Will Never Take Our Freedom"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/","name":"Freelance Christianity","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/#\/schema\/person\/9ffe9888ede843e484dbcb38655d36d8","name":"Vance Morgan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b4eb28c453d426f418c37a0d5c661cb1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b4eb28c453d426f418c37a0d5c661cb1?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Vance Morgan"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vance.morgan.98","https:\/\/twitter.com\/thorsenchair"],"url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/author\/vancemorgan\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2938"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9221"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9221\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}