{"id":6884,"date":"2025-10-07T18:12:38","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T22:12:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/ichasesunsets\/?p=6884"},"modified":"2025-10-09T13:35:20","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T17:35:20","slug":"exploring-the-exodus-narrative","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/ichasesunsets\/2025\/10\/exploring-the-exodus-narrative\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring the Exodus Narrative"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/1809\/2025\/10\/egypt-8791266_640-300x172.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"537\" height=\"308\"><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Exploring the Narrative:<\/b><b><i>\u00a0Exodus<\/i><\/b><b> as Literature<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next week I will begin teaching from the book of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exodus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This is a Christian school, but when I teach about <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exodus <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in my 10th grade English class, I teach it as literature\u2013as a work of art, as a narrative from the Master Story-teller.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All scripture is art from the greatest creative mind of all, and He, before any renowned author, invented the literary techniques that sell books. Any book of the Bible can be studied as literature. I use <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exodus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> because it neatly fits into our World Literature sequence alongside <em>The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Odyssey, Beowulf, Cid, <\/em>and<em> The Song of Roland<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><i>Exodus<\/i><\/b><b> as Epic<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For many years now, I have taught World Literature through the epics. By definition, an epic is a long, narrative <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">poem<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which, of course, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exodus <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is not. It does, however, contain some poetic passages. The most obvious is found in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Exodus%2015&amp;version=NIV\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Exodus 15:<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>The Song of Moses and Miriam<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then Moses and the Israelites sang this song to the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cI will sing to the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 for he is highly exalted.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both horse and driver<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 he has hurled into the sea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is my strength and my defense;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 he has become my salvation.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He is my God, and I will praise him,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 my father\u2019s God, and I will exalt him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a warrior;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is his name.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pharaoh\u2019s chariots and his army<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 he has hurled into the sea.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best of Pharaoh\u2019s officers<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 are drowned in the Red Sea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The deep waters have covered them;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 they sank to the depths like a stone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your right hand, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 was majestic in power.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your right hand, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 shattered the enemy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIn the greatness of your majesty<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 you threw down those who opposed you.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You unleashed your burning anger;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0it consumed them like stubble.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By the blast of your nostrils<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 the waters piled up.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The surging waters stood up like a wall;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 the deep waters congealed in the heart of the sea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The enemy boasted,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u2018I will pursue, I will overtake them.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I will divide the spoils;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 I will gorge myself on them.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I will draw my sword<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 and my hand will destroy them.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But you blew with your breath,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 and the sea covered them.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They sank like lead<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 in the mighty waters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Who among the gods<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 is like you, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Who is like you\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 majestic in holiness,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">awesome in glory,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 working wonders?<\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cYou stretch out your right hand,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 and the earth swallows your enemies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In your unfailing love you will lead<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 the people you have redeemed.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In your strength you will guide them<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 to your holy dwelling.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The nations will hear and tremble;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 anguish will grip the people of Philistia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The chiefs of Edom will be terrified,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 the leaders of Moab will be seized with trembling,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the people <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of Canaan will melt away;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0terror and dread will fall on them.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By the power of your arm<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 they will be as still as a stone\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">until your people pass by, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 until the people you bought <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pass by.<\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You will bring them in and plant them<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 on the mountain of your inheritance\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the place, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, you made for your dwelling,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 the sanctuary, Lord, your hands established.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reigns<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 for ever and ever.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a prime example of Hebrew poetry, which uses parallelism to create rhythm and emphasis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Synonymous parallelism:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the second line of a couplet restates the thought of the first. For example, \u201cThe LORD is my strength and my defence; He has become my salvation.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Chiastic parallelism:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> word order is inverted in successive lines. One example is: A (The waters) \/ B (covered them) \/\/ B\u2019 (they sank) \/ A\u2019 (to the depths) like a stone.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aside from the poetry, an epic has an epic hero who is larger-than-life, has supernatural help, goes through an underworld experience, and influences many people. I\u2019d say Moses fits that definition really well.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An epic also defines a culture of a people group existing in a particular place and time, asks important life questions, and takes place over a long period of time. Check. Check. And check.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Themes in <\/b><b><i>Exodus<\/i><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are seven main themes in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exodus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">God reveals Himself: He reveals His Name, His attributes, His redemption plan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">God reveals His nature: His glory,\u00a0 justice, truthfulness, reliability, mercy, faithfulness, and holiness<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">God reveals Himself as the Lord of history: the covenant established with Abraham is not thwarted by other cultures or gods<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">God remembers and is concerned about His people: He hears their cries and sends a deliverer (a theme that runs throughout the entire Bible)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salvation: redemption by the sacrifice of the Lamb as introduced by the Passover<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biblical ethics and morality: the Ten Commandments<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Worship: He gives directions for the construction and duties of the tabernacle<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Conflict in <\/b><b><i>Exodus<\/i><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every good story needs conflict, and there is certainly conflict. There is man against man: Moses goes head-to-head with Pharoah. He must also face the wrath of his own people on several occasions. There is man against nature: He braves the wilderness alone. There is man against himself: Moses is far from sure of his ability to pull off the extraordinary instructions given by God.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Plot in <\/b><b><i>Exodus<\/i><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a plot: Ask Cecil B. DeMille, Philip LaZebnik, or even Stephen Spielberg.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Exposition<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Setting: The book opens approximately 400 years after Genesis, in Egypt. The Israelite descendants of Jacob have grown into a large population, living as guests of Egypt.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Initial situation: A new pharaoh, who does not remember Joseph, comes to power. He fears the Israelites\u2019 growing numbers and enslaves them, forcing them into brutal labor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protagonist introduced: Moses is born during this time and, to escape Pharaoh\u2019s edict to kill all male Israelite infants, is placed in a basket in the Nile. He is discovered by Pharaoh\u2019s daughter and raised in the Egyptian palace.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Rising action<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moses\u2019s call: As an adult, Moses witnesses an Egyptian beating a Hebrew slave and kills the Egyptian, forcing him to flee into the wilderness. There, God appears to him in a burning bush and commands him to return to Egypt to lead his people out of slavery.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The plagues: Moses and his brother Aaron repeatedly demand Pharaoh release the Israelites. Pharaoh refuses, leading God to unleash ten devastating plagues upon Egypt, including turning water to blood, hail, and darkness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Passover: The final plague is the death of the firstborn son in every Egyptian household. The Israelites are spared by marking their doorposts with the blood of a lamb, an event commemorated as Passover.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The escape: After this final plague, Pharaoh relents and sends the Israelites away.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Climax<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The climax involves Pharaoh\u2019s change of heart and the subsequent confrontation at the Red Sea.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pursuit: Pharaoh and his army chase the fleeing Israelites, trapping them between the Red Sea and the Egyptian army.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The crossing: God commands Moses to stretch out his staff over the water, which parts the sea to allow the Israelites to cross on dry ground.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pharaoh\u2019s defeat: As the Egyptian army pursues them, the waters crash down, destroying Pharaoh and his forces. This miraculous victory proves God\u2019s power and solidifies the Israelites\u2019 trust in him.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Falling action<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The wilderness journey: Freed from Egypt, the Israelites begin their journey through the wilderness. During this time, they experience hardship, complain, and repeatedly test God\u2019s patience.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The covenant at Sinai: The people arrive at Mount Sinai, where God enters into a covenant with them, presenting the Ten Commandments and other laws. The Israelites agree to follow God\u2019s laws and become his chosen people.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The golden calf: While Moses is on the mountain receiving the law, the people grow impatient and construct a golden calf to worship. God is angered by this breach of the covenant, but Moses intercedes on their behalf, and God forgives the nation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Tabernacle instructions: God gives Moses detailed blueprints for the construction of a sacred tent, the Tabernacle, where God\u2019s presence will dwell among the people.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Resolution<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The book of Exodus ends with the successful completion of the Tabernacle.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Tabernacle is built: The Israelites construct the Tabernacle according to God\u2019s instructions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">God\u2019s presence descends: When the work is finished, the glory of the Lord descends and fills the Tabernacle, symbolizing God\u2019s presence among his people<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Motif in <\/b><b><i>Exodus<\/i><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The motif in <em>Exodus<\/em> is one that runs through the entire Bible, helping to make it one cohesive work. That motif is enslavement, redemption, and promotion. We see it from Genesis through Revelation. We see it in the stories of Joseph, Daniel, Jesus, and the Church. It is the very hopeful message that is intentionally taught.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Parallel Structure in <\/b><b><i>Exodus<\/i><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is parallel structure: The ten plagues are the most obvious occurrence this device. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ten plagues are organized into three cycles, each escalating in intensity. This structure builds suspense and emphasizes God\u2019s increasing power over Pharaoh and the Egyptian gods.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cycle 1 (Plagues 1\u20133): Blood, frogs, lice (ends with the Egyptian magicians unable to duplicate the situation)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cycle 2 (Plagues 4\u20136): Swarms of insects, pestilence, and boils (grossly inconvenient, but not deadly)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cycle 3 (Plagues 7\u20139): Hail, locusts, darkness (affected the environment\u2019s ability to sustain life and ended the conversation between Moses and Pharaoh)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The finale (Plague 10): The death of the firstborn is the climax, providing the final and most devastating contrast between Israel and Egypt\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The example of the Passover lamb, of course, parallels the sacrifice of Jesus, the Lamb of God, slain for the redemption of His people.<\/p>\n<p>There are also 10 Commandments. T<span data-huuid=\"8177735705117608438\">here is a symbolic connection between the two.\u00a0 The ten plagues represent God\u2019s supremacy over the Egyptian gods and His divine judgement over Pharaoh, who believed in his own authority and divinity over the God of the Hebrews. The 10 Commandments issued the moral code for those who would recognize God\u2019s authority over all other gods. <\/span><span data-huuid=\"8177735705117608180\">Both sets of ten serve to reveal God\u2019s nature and His will for humanity, one through his power and the other through His law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>According to the article \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/theJewishWoman\/article_cdo\/aid\/521322\/jewish\/The-Meaning-in-the-Order.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Meaning in the Order<\/a>\u201d by Stacy Goldman, \u201cThe <span class=\"glossary_item\">Talmud<\/span>\u00a0explains that the first five commandments reflect our obligations to\u00a0<a title=\"God in Judaism\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/library\/article_cdo\/aid\/433240\/jewish\/God.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">G\u2011d<\/a>, while the last five instruct us regarding our relationships with other people. The medieval commentator Abraham\u00a0<span class=\"glossary_item\">Ibn Ezra<\/span>\u00a0further explains that all the commandments can be put in one of three categories: emotion, speech and action. While the\u00a0<a title=\"Passing of Ibn Ezra\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/calendar\/view\/day_cdo\/aid\/265707\/jewish\/Passing-of-Ibn-Ezra.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Ibn Ezra<\/a> does not tell us which commandment fits into which grouping, Nechama Leibowitz, a brilliant 20th-century Israeli biblical scholar and commentator, provides us with a fascinating theory on the order of the Ten Commandments.\u201d [She writes] that the commandments follow a \u201ctriple chiastic using the three elements of emotion, speech and action.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe first two commandments, 1) Belief in G\u2011d and 2) Not worshipping other gods, both have to do with what is in our hearts, what we feel to be true. We are then told not to take G\u2011d\u2019s name in vain; this is clearly speech. Keeping the <span class=\"glossary_item\">Sabbath<\/span>\u00a0is all about action.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat about the fifth commandment, honoring one\u2019s mother and father? Does this continue with action as the structure would suggest? Surprisingly, Jewish law defines respecting parents entirely through our actions toward them. We are not commanded to love our parents, but to honor them. This means <i>behaving<\/i>\u00a0towards them in a respectful way: getting them water when they are thirsty, not sitting in their designated chair and standing when they enter a room (they may excuse us from this action). This commandment appears on the side of the tablets which is our obligation to G\u2011d, for if we disrespect our biological creators, we are in essence dismissing our Divine Creator. This commandment also serves as the perfect bridge to the commandments concerning our fellow human beings.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBeginning with the top of the second tablet we have: Murder, Adultery and Stealing, which are all sins completely mired in action. Bearing false witness against your neighbor is a transgression through speech. The final commandment, coveting that which belongs to your neighbor, is contained within one\u2019s heart, one\u2019s emotions.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhile the pattern is chiastic in reference to the emotion, speech and action, we can see a parallel structure in regard to level of difficulty. Belief in G\u2011d seems relatively easy.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Protagonists and Antagonists<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are protagonists and antagonists i<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n the Book of Exodus. The main protagonists are God, Moses, and the Israelites, while the primary antagonist is Pharaoh, who opposes God\u2019s will and oppresses the Israelites. God is the ultimate protagonist, orchestrating the rescue of His enslaved people, while Moses serves as the human leader commissioned to free them.\u00a0 Pharaoh embodies the wickedness of oppression that must be overcome.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Advantages of Reading <\/b><b><i>Exodus <\/i><\/b><b>As Literature<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One thing about reading <em>Exodus<\/em> (or any other book of the Bible) as literature instead of as \u201cscripture\u201d is that verses can not be separated from the narrative (except as an interesting, inspiring, or important quotation) or taken out of context. In fact, one of the great benefits of reading the Bible as literature is to understand the <em>context.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.guinnessworldrecords.com\/world-records\/best-selling-book-of-non-fiction\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guiness Book of World Records <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Christian Bible is the best-selling book of all time. \u201cIt is impossible to know exactly how many copies have been printed in the roughly 1,500 years since its contents were standardized, but research conducted by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 2021 suggests that the total number probably lies between 5 and 7 billion copies.\u201d What it <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> possible to say is that God Almighty is the greatest author of all time\u2013the number One. He did, after all, create words. I guess it\u2019s not surprising that He knows how to use them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>God bless you; and happy reading!<\/em><\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exploring the Narrative:\u00a0Exodus as Literature Next week I will begin teaching from the book of Exodus. This is a Christian school, but when I teach about Exodus in my 10th grade English class, I teach it as literature\u2013as a work of art, as a narrative from the Master Story-teller. All scripture is art from the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5055,"featured_media":6893,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2222,2219,2210,2207,2213,2216],"class_list":["post-6884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-10-commandments","tag-best-selling-book-of-all-time","tag-bible-as-literature","tag-exodus","tag-exodus-15","tag-poetry-in-the-bible"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Exploring the Exodus Narrative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Any book of the Bible can be studied as literature. 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