{"id":17182,"date":"2020-07-14T13:25:38","date_gmt":"2020-07-14T19:25:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/janetheactuary\/?p=17182"},"modified":"2020-07-26T18:26:50","modified_gmt":"2020-07-27T00:26:50","slug":"yes-2-2-still-equals-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/janetheactuary\/2020\/07\/yes-2-2-still-equals-4.html","title":{"rendered":"Yes, 2 + 2 still equals 4"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p><figure id=\"attachment_8052\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8052\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8052\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/533\/2018\/01\/15344079560_938eb8aca5_c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8052\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/wwworks\/15344079560<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><p>\u201cFreedom,\u201d Winston writes in George Orwell\u2019s <em>1984<\/em>, \u201cis the freedom to say that two plus two make four.\u00a0 If that is granted, all else follows.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Is there an objective truth?\u00a0 Postmodern intellectuals have been insisting that\u2019s not the case for long enough now, though, of course, once-upon-a-time that was in the sense that there is no objective \u201cright\u201d or \u201cwrong\u201d morally speaking, or that what defines great literature or art is not objectively discernable (nor is it possible to discern what it objectively <em>means<\/em>), or that there is no way to identify one culture as \u201csuperior\u201d to another, or that the \u201ctruth\u201d of a historical narrative which paints European men as \u201cgreat\u201d is complicated, or the like.<\/p>\n<p>When \u201cethnic studies\u201d encroached into mathematics and the sciences, the intent was reasonably unobjectionable:\u00a0 if there are lies, damn lies, and statistics, and statisticians had used statistics with ill intent (for example, to redline black neighborhoods), then a new generation should harness the power of statistical analysis for good instead. If there were women or racial\/ethnic minority folk whose contributions to science had been erased, then, insofar as students learn the history of science or mathematics, their stories should be included.\u00a0 And that\u2019s fine.<\/p>\n<p>But we\u2019ve moved beyond that.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s a tweet, well, going on a couple weeks ago by now (yes, I let this draft sit for a while).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-17206\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/533\/2020\/07\/2-2-orig-1024x509.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"509\"><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">The individual has now protected <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/brittanylm3281\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">her account<\/a><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"> (that is, tweets are only view-able by permission).\u00a0 She gives her LinkedIn profile, but seems to have also taken that down.\u00a0 She identifies herself as a \u201cteacher, scholar, social justice change agent, PhD student, architecture enthusiast, wannabe math person, BLM always. . .\u201d\u00a0 but what she\u2019s studying isn\u2019t clear. \u00a0 A <a href=\"https:\/\/mathedcollective.wordpress.com\/2020\/07\/09\/attack-on-brittany-marshall\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">website defending her<\/a> says it\u2019s \u201ccritical mathematics education.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>This sparked other replies on twitter, including the following:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-17204\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/533\/2020\/07\/2-plus-2-1-626x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"626\" height=\"1024\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">This account is now also protected.\u00a0 The individual in question, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/herbertmath628\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Joe Herbert<\/a><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">, identifies himself as a \u201cmaster teacher.\u201d\u00a0 The original tweet, from Lee Melvin Peralta, <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/melvinmperalta\/status\/1281324658416066570\/photo\/1\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">still exists at this writing<\/a> and Peralta in his bio identifies himself as \u201cfil-am, grad student, former ms math teacher, trying to decolonize all the things.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-17207\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/533\/2020\/07\/2-2-again-655x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"655\" height=\"1024\"><\/p>\n<p>It should go without saying that this is nonsense; it is understood by everyone, including these activists if they were honest, that \u201c2 + 2 =4\u201d means \u201ctwo units plus two units equals four units,\u201d and that no culture uses a base 4 or similar mathematical system because of the functionality of base 10.\u00a0 Heck, even in base 12, which one might say we implicitly use when we refer to a quantity as \u201ctwo dozen,\u201d 2 + 2 is still four.<\/p>\n<p>And that tweet was in response to a thread by Laurie Rubel, in defense of Marshall, which I\u2019ll admit I can\u2019t quite make sense of it, but, until it\u2019s removed\/she protects here account, <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Laurie_Rubel\/status\/1280735619203960833\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">here\u2019s a link<\/a>, and at any rate, here\u2019s the thread:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-17210\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/533\/2020\/07\/2-2-rubel-506x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"506\" height=\"1024\"><\/p>\n<p>So what\u2019s this all about?<\/p>\n<p>These are all academics, but they are actively teaching the next generation math, or teaching the next generation of teachers who will be doing the teaching.\u00a0 They are heavily promoting the idea that mathematics education for racial\/ethnic minority children should be transformed along principles of \u201cethnic studies.\u201d\u00a0 And this found its way into a \u201cMath Ethnic Studies Framework\u201d at the Seattle Public Schools which caused outrage, then misplaced defense by local media but, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/janetheactuary\/2019\/10\/math-ethnic-studies-no-no-no.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">when I dug into it,<\/a> claimed that students should learn that \u201cpeople of color\u201d (in the modern, anachronistic sense) invented mathematics, that non-\u201cWestern\u201d forms of mathematics have been suppressed, and that mathematics had been a tool of oppression but should be used instead for social justice purposes.<\/p>\n<p>And just the other day, Steven Welliever looked at the mathematics test scores of students in schools piloting this curriculum.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Sources: <br>Part 5 of 5, The Failures of Ethnic Studies (and how to fix them) by Castro-Gill, Seattle ES program manager.<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/qddXtpDzVg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/t.co\/qddXtpDzVg<\/a> (scroll down)<\/p>\n<p>Curriculum<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/oYJN8FbAbq\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/t.co\/oYJN8FbAbq<\/a><\/p>\n<p>WA school data:<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/CIgMCpuM0v\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/t.co\/CIgMCpuM0v<\/a><\/p>\n<p>ES program <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/IEa7RH25f4\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/t.co\/IEa7RH25f4<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Steven Welliever (@StevenWelliever) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/StevenWelliever\/status\/1282425096401940480?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">July 12, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-17221\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/533\/2020\/07\/2-2-seattle-1024x657.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"657\"><\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/waethnicstudies.com\/2020\/05\/29\/the-failures-of-ethnic-studies-and-how-to-fix-them-5\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">the text Welliever cites<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Closing \u201cAchievement\/Opportunity\u201d gaps is a Western way of thinking about education. It\u2019s linear and views students as lacking something and needing to be turned into some ideal, which is defined by white supremacy. Ontological distance, as defined by Dominguez and expanded upon here, is a process, especially since race and identity are dynamic and constantly shifting. The needs of the communities we serve will change depending on circumstances. For these reasons, ontological distance should always exist. We should never \u201cclose\u201d that gap because it provides space for reflection and growth.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>It\u2019s from a long and jargon-filled series of blog posts, at a website called \u201cEthnic Studies Now,\u201d which is a group of \u201ceducator activists\u201d pushing for, as the name implies, \u201cethnic studies,\u201d in Washington state and Seattle in particular.\u00a0 And one of their premises is that they should not be measuring student achievements, but only measuring the degree to which the curriculum\/teaching methods are properly reformed \u2014 and they reject the notion that poor performing kids need to be \u201cfixed\u201d:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>From my perspective, this focus on \u201cBlack Excellence\u201d [a tutoring program] implies that Black students are in need of fixing, especially when an entire department is created and coaching positions are needed in schools with high Black student populations. . . .<\/p>\n<p>But, more importantly, I want to point out that at no point does the Ethnic Studies model suggest changing students. Students and their families are part of the inputs and outputs, but the responsibility for change is on district staff. . . .<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s hard for me to put aside my initial response to the \u201cSeattle (Black) Excellence\u201d initiative, one of a deficit model. We need to work towards building an educator force that recognizes and values the excellence that ALREADY EXISTS in Black students and other students of Color.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>What does this mean?\u00a0 They can\u2019t really be indifferent to how well students learn the course material they will need to succeed in higher education or in a skilled trade or another occupation, can they?\u00a0 Surely this is all just jargon?\u00a0 Maybe they simply want to ensure teachers are properly motivated to teach, and to believe that their students are capable of success?<\/p>\n<p>But here\u2019s where we revisit Orwell.<\/p>\n<p>Consider that when Orwell wrote of 2 + 2 = 4, he was not concerned with a society that had become unmoored from truth and was floundering because its members could not \u201cdo science\u201d any longer, because they did not believe they were objective realities.<\/p>\n<p>The reason why it mattered whether 2 + 2 = 4, was not that \u201c<em>there is no objective truth<\/em>\u201d but that \u201c<em>the party decides what is true<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0 To make decisions about what is or is not truth, or history, is to exercise power, and it is the Party\u2019s goal, above all else, to exercise power.<\/p>\n<p>As O\u2019Brien tells Winston after he is imprisoned, \u201cWhatever the Party holds to be truth <em>is<\/em> truth.\u201d\u00a0 And, later:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cHow many fingers am I holding up, Winston?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFour.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd if the Party says that it is not four but five \u2014 then how many?\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>O\u2019Brien\u2019s objective is not merely to compel Winston to censor himself, to accede to his demands, to conform outwardly, but indeed to be converted, to inwardly believe that the Party is the source of all truth and reality.<\/p>\n<p>Later, with respect to questions of astronomy, O\u2019Brien asserts that the sun revolves around the earth, then says,<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cFor certain purposes, of course, that is not true.\u00a0 When we navigate the ocean, or when we predict an clipse, we often find it convenient to assume that the earth goes round the sun and that the stars are millions upon millions of kilometers away.\u00a0 But what of it?\u00a0 Do you suppose it is beyond us to produce a dual system of astronomy?\u00a0 The stars can be near or distant, according as we need them.\u00a0 Do you suppose our mathematicians are unequal to that?\u00a0 Have you forgotten doublethink?\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The bottom line is that this debate is understood by flipping around Winston\u2019s statement into the following: \u00a0<span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">\u201c<em>Power <\/em><\/span><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">is the <em>power<\/em> to say that two plus two make five\u201d or, more precisely, to compel others to accept this assertion.\u00a0 And if children in poor neighborhoods are subjected to this curriculum, in pursuit of power, and their ability to succeed as adults is all the more limited, they won\u2019t be the only ones harmed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cFreedom,\u201d Winston writes in George Orwell\u2019s 1984, \u201cis the freedom to say that two plus two make four.\u00a0 If that is granted, all else follows.\u201d Is there an objective truth?\u00a0 Postmodern intellectuals have been insisting that\u2019s not the case for long enough now, though, of course, once-upon-a-time that was in the sense that there is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2209,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[497],"class_list":["post-17182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-multiculturalism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Yes, 2 + 2 still equals 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