{"id":316,"date":"2014-08-20T11:14:00","date_gmt":"2014-08-20T17:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/janetheactuary\/2014\/08\/why-should-employers-provide-retirement-benefits-a-semi-rhetorical-question.html"},"modified":"2016-08-16T09:46:15","modified_gmt":"2016-08-16T15:46:15","slug":"why-should-employers-provide-retirement-benefits-a-semi-rhetorical-question","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/janetheactuary\/2014\/08\/why-should-employers-provide-retirement-benefits-a-semi-rhetorical-question.html","title":{"rendered":"Why should employers provide retirement benefits?  (A semi-rhetorical question)"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p>A little bit ago, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/janetheactuary\/2014\/07\/we-should-get-employers-out-of-fill-in.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">I observed<\/a> that in the same way as there\u2019s a tax penalty for buying individual health insurance, as opposed to having employer-provided insurance, there\u2019s a similar tax disadvantage for investing in an IRA vs. an employer-sponsored 401(k). \u00a0For no good reason that I know of, except as a strong incentive for employers to offer retirement plans, an employee can invest a lot more tax-deferred money in a 401(k) than in an IRA.<\/p>\n<p>And, of course, the book I summarized the other day, <i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/janetheactuary\/2014\/08\/from-library-social-insecurity-401ks.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Social Insecurity<\/a><\/i>, starts with the premise that employers have not just a historical practice of providing retirement benefits, but pretty much have a moral obligation to do so.<\/p>\n<p>So my question today is: \u00a0why?<\/p>\n<p>In a <i>tabula rasa<\/i> situation, would it make sense for employers to provide retirement benefits? \u00a0Why not have a retirement plan sponsored by your church, or community group, or a large national organization that you belong to? <\/p>\n<p>Historically, employers have offered retirement benefits for a couple reasons, which aren\u2019t particularly the case any longer:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It was an easy way of increasing total compensation without upfront costs, both during the wage controls of WWII (as with health insurance) and in the growth period afterwards, back when prefunding pensions wasn\u2019t required (ERISA was enacted only in 1974) or, even afterwards, when employers didn\u2019t have to account for their pension expense (FAS 87 was effective in 1987). \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>It was a means of employee recruiting and retention, back when they could set a 10 year vesting period. \u00a0Now there\u2019s a 5 year vesting period for defined benefit pensions, and 3 years for employer contributions to a defined contribution plan. \u00a0And from what I see, employers don\u2019t really care too much about this aspect, and employees don\u2019t trust their employers, anyway \u2014 if they\u2019re looking at a job with a 6% match, they might conclude that it doesn\u2019t count for much because the company can change it at any time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>It was a means of ensuring that employees would retire \u201con time\u201d rather than continuing to work into old age. \u00a0Now, pension consulting firms such as my own are trying to get their clients to think about whether their employees will be able to retire, but it doesn\u2019t seem to be much of a consideration any longer; in part, I think, employers are simply accustomed to canning people whenever they want (and good luck with that age discrimination lawsuit!), and, besides that, I suspect that employees with modest 401(k) balances are likely to retire anyway and just hope for the best \u2014 and if they outlive their assets, it\u2019s nothing that\u2019s going to impact the company.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>So does it make sense for employers to continue to be the ones we expect to be providing retirement plans? \u00a0One might say that there are a few reasons why it makes sense, for large employers at least:<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Employees are a \u201ccaptive audience\u201d in a way \u2014 a large employer can send out communications, and can autoenroll their employees via payroll deduction in a way that no other entity can.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Employers, if they choose to do so, are able to select providers and bargain for low-fee fund options, and arrange for other sorts of assistance (for instance, target-date funds, online modeling) for their employees. \u00a0(On the other hand, an employer can pass all these fees on to employees and disregard the cost.)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Low-income employees may be disconnected enough from other forms of investing and saving that there is not particularly good way of replacing the employer\u2019s role, if these employees wouldn\u2019t seek out other financial institutions, and if, with low account balances, such institutions wouldn\u2019t be interested in them, or would charge high enough fixed fees to severely hamper their savings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>Which means that, even in my pooled retirement fund scenario, the whole thing would still have to run through the employer, don\u2019t you think?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A little bit ago, I observed that in the same way as there\u2019s a tax penalty for buying individual health insurance, as opposed to having employer-provided insurance, there\u2019s a similar tax disadvantage for investing in an IRA vs. an employer-sponsored 401(k). \u00a0For no good reason that I know of, except as a strong incentive for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2209,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[450],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actuarial"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why should employers provide retirement benefits? 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