{"id":14381,"date":"2019-05-28T03:00:50","date_gmt":"2019-05-28T09:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/?p=14381"},"modified":"2019-05-22T19:19:31","modified_gmt":"2019-05-23T01:19:31","slug":"15-roles-of-pagan-priesthood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2019\/05\/15-roles-of-pagan-priesthood.html","title":{"rendered":"15 Roles of Pagan Priesthood \u2013 How Many Is Too Many?"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p>The recent post <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2019\/05\/priesthood-as-service-to-the-gods.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Priesthood as Service to the Gods<\/a> generated some very good discussion: a little here, some on my Facebook page, and even more on the pages of people and groups who shared it. Most of that discussion was in general agreement that we have yet to define what a Pagan priest is and isn\u2019t, and what we expect them to do. And we don\u2019t know what to call them.<\/p>\n<p>This is part of what we lost when our ancestors converted \u2013 or were converted \u2013 from their indigenous religions to Christianity, or in some cases to Islam. We lost the traditions, we lost the infrastructure, and we lost the vocabulary.<\/p>\n<p>Is \u201cpriest\u201d even the right word? It\u2019s not wrong \u2013 it\u2019s an English word meaning \u201cconsecrated religious specialist\u201d and it fits in the context of many different religions. But it carries assumptions that may not be accurate, and that we may not want.<\/p>\n<p>In this post I\u2019d like to start talking about the elements of priesthood and other sacred callings. So I went back to my original post and then surveyed all the comments on it I could find. I pulled out all the titles, tasks, duties, and responsibilities I saw, then I combined the roles that make sense to me.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14411\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14411\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2019\/05\/15-191-Danube-River.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14411\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2019\/05\/15-191-Danube-River.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"404\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14411\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">relevant to my own priesthood<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h1>A polytheist context<\/h1>\n<p>Buddhists don\u2019t use the same structure of religious specialists as Christians. Catholics don\u2019t use the same as Protestants, and Baptists don\u2019t use the same as Lutherans. Our many Pagan traditions are no different.<\/p>\n<p>What I present here is done in the context of the polytheist religion that I practice. There\u2019s no precise name for this tradition \u2013\u00a0 yet \u2013 so I call it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2017\/07\/takes-many-words-describe.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">ancestral, devotional, ecstatic, oracular, magical, public, Pagan polytheism<\/a>. The structures I\u2019m proposing will be more or less relevant to you to the extent that your path is more or less similar to mine.<\/p>\n<p>Also, I use \u201cpriest\u201d as inclusive of all genders, as do most polytheists. The work is mostly gender-irrelevant.<\/p>\n<p>And now the 15 roles of Pagan priesthood.<\/p>\n<h1>1. Shrine keeper<\/h1>\n<p>Many Pagans and even more polytheists already keep shrines: places of devotion and worship, usually centered around a statue or other image of a deity. People who are considered priests tend to do this more formally and regularly.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2019\/05\/Gaulish-shrine-Beltane-2019.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14393\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2019\/05\/Gaulish-shrine-Beltane-2019.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"404\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h1>2. Sacrificer<\/h1>\n<p>Very few Pagans and polytheists practice <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2014\/10\/sacrifice-and-the-fear-of-real-gods.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">blood sacrifice<\/a>. I\u2019m not one of them, so all I\u2019ll say is that expert hands-on training is required to do it right. If you don\u2019t have that training you shouldn\u2019t do it, period.<\/p>\n<p>But we make other sacrifices and offerings: food and drink, artwork, and other objects of value. As with so much in Paganism and in magic, intent isn\u2019t everything \u2013 doing it right matters. We need people who are trained and experienced in making sacrifices.<\/p>\n<h1>3. Mediator<\/h1>\n<p>Let\u2019s be clear: you don\u2019t need anybody\u2019s help to pray to a God.<\/p>\n<p>But sometimes you need to approach an unfamiliar deity and you need expert advice on the best way to do it. Or sometimes deity wants to speak to you and you won\u2019t listen, so They send a human who can physically stand in front of you and say \u201cthe Morrigan says it\u2019s time you got your act together.\u201d<\/p>\n<h1>4. Worship leader<\/h1>\n<p>This is another title borrowed from Christianity, this time from contemporary non-liturgical churches. But I don\u2019t have a better name for the people who compose and facilitate rituals.<\/p>\n<p>Some of us create new rituals for every high day \u2013 you can do that when you only host eight services a year, and especially when you can spread the work around to multiple people. Others have a standard liturgy with only minor changes from ritual to ritual, like ADF\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adf.org\/rituals\/explanations\/core-order.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Core Order of Ritual<\/a>. Either way, somebody has to plan and lead them.<\/p>\n<p>Writing rituals and leading rituals requires two separate skill sets. Ritual is in part <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2019\/05\/the-power-of-good-public-rituals.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">sacred theater<\/a> \u2013 the work of the writer and the director is different from the work of the performers.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2019\/05\/Beltane-2019-32a.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14399\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2019\/05\/Beltane-2019-32a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"404\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h1>5. Officiant<\/h1>\n<p>We expect our priests to officiate our rites of passage: child naming, coming of age, marriage, eldering, and funerals \u2013 plus anything else that comes up. That brings the power of tradition (in both meanings of the word: \u201cour path\u201d and \u201cthe way things have always been done\u201d) to the rites and makes them more meaningful \u2013 and more real. Plus we expect they\u2019ll have the expertise to do them well.<\/p>\n<p>But you didn\u2019t go to a temple priest to get married in ancient Egypt or Greece. In our time, many couples are choosing friends or relatives to officiate their weddings, which are often held in parks, back yards, or even barns. The idea of a \u201cchurch wedding\u201d is fading \u2013 are we sure we want to copy it?<\/p>\n<h1>6. Teacher<\/h1>\n<p>Who teaches the newcomers? For the past 50 years or so in the Pagan community, the answer has largely been \u201cthe authors.\u201d And when I look at the authors on my shelf \u2013 especially the ones who\u2019ve been most influential to me \u2013 I mainly see people who identify as a priest or priestess.<\/p>\n<p>Do you have to be a priest to teach? Of course not \u2013 you just have to know the material and be able to teach it. But we expect that our priests to be especially knowledgeable and we expect them to be good presenters, so we often expect them to be teachers.<\/p>\n<h1>7. Counselor<\/h1>\n<p>This is another case of wanting what we see in Christianity \u2013 someone to talk to about our problems in life. Growing up in a Baptist church, the standard response was \u201cgo talk to the preacher and ask him to pray with you.\u201d Mainline Protestant and UU ministers generally can provide some level of pastoral counseling, though they are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2017\/03\/spiritual-treatment-no-substitute-mental-health-care.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">not mental health professionals<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re talking about how to connect to a specific deity or how to deepen your devotional practice, a polytheist priest probably is the best person to consult. If you need someone to listen with compassion or to offer some suggestions for dealing with the difficulties of life, maybe they are and maybe they aren\u2019t.<\/p>\n<h1>8. Administrator<\/h1>\n<p>We expect our priests to manage the mundane affairs of our covens and groves. At least until they do something we don\u2019t like, in which case they need to \u201cquit trying to control people.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Somebody has to maintain the website. Somebody has to arrange for places to hold public rituals. Somebody has to make sure the group does everything it says it\u2019s going to do.<\/p>\n<p>And somebody has to make sure the building is clean before you lock up after everyone else has already gone home.<\/p>\n<p>Larger groups generally do a better job of spreading this work around \u2013 most of it doesn\u2019t require the specific skills of a consecrated religious specialist. But there is still the impression that a priest is going to be the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2015\/11\/sore-quadriceps-and-the-reality-of-pagan-priesthood.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">last one to leave<\/a> at the end of the night.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2019\/05\/Samhain-2015-51.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14387\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2019\/05\/Samhain-2015-51.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"404\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h1>9. Contemplative \/ monastic<\/h1>\n<p>I\u2019ve had multiple requests for advice on Pagan contemplation and monasticism recently. I haven\u2019t responded and I may not, because it\u2019s not something I have much expertise with. Of all roles listed here, it\u2019s my weakest.<\/p>\n<p>Yet the fact that these questions are coming to me shows that \u2013 at least in part \u2013 we expect our priests to have some expertise with contemplative practices.<\/p>\n<p>The Christian \u2013 and Buddhist \u2013 image of a priest living a life of simplicity and contemplation away from the ordinary world is strong in our mainstream culture. We could use similar traditions \u2013 and facilities \u2013 in our Pagan and polytheist religions. But contemplation and monasticism is a call of its own. It may occasionally intersect with the call to priesthood, but that\u2019s the exception rather than the rule.<\/p>\n<h1>10. Community Servant<\/h1>\n<p>I\u2019ve had devout, offering-pouring, Gods-worshipping polytheists tell me that community activism is a requirement of priesthood. We often expect Pagan priests to be political activists and advocates. We expect them to do the work done by Christian pastors visiting the sick and serving in prison ministries.<\/p>\n<p>These are good things and a good religious community will do them, one way or another. But as with Christians, oftentimes we look to our leaders to represent us in community service mainly so we don\u2019t have to.<\/p>\n<p>There are elements of community service I perform because I\u2019m called to do them. But this is work anyone can do \u2013 we should not outsource it to our priests.<\/p>\n<h1>11. Academic<\/h1>\n<p>The academics in a religious movement are the theologians, philosophers, historians, and researchers. This is work best done by people with secular training in the specific field of concern, many (most?) of whom are not priests.<\/p>\n<p>Still, we expect priests to be knowledgeable on the history and theology of their traditions. That\u2019s a reasonable expectation. It\u2019s not reasonable to assume they\u2019re experts.<\/p>\n<h1>12. Seer<\/h1>\n<p>These are the people who are skilled in communicating between this world and the Otherworld.<\/p>\n<p>Oracles are the mouthpieces of the Gods. Sometimes this happens in ecstatic possession, but other times it\u2019s a non-stop connection, like a speaker phone you can\u2019t hang up.<\/p>\n<p>Diviners are those skilled in reading Tarot, runes, bones, and various omens and auguries.<\/p>\n<p>As with so many of these roles, this doesn\u2019t require a priest, but we usually expect our priests to be good at it.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2019\/05\/divination-05.22.19.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14405\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2019\/05\/divination-05.22.19.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"404\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h1>13. Bard<\/h1>\n<p>The vast majority of bards I know \u2013 be they musicians, poets, storytellers, or something else \u2013 explicitly reject the title of priest. But I will say that my bardic skills have greatly improved my priestly work. I\u2019ll never be a musician, but I can pick out music to accompany a ritual. I\u2019m a decent storyteller \u2013 those skills directly relate to leading rituals.<\/p>\n<p>Do the writing skills of a bard help them in composing rituals? Yes \u2013 much of ritual is storytelling, and the skills are transferrable from one role to the other.<\/p>\n<h1>14. Magician<\/h1>\n<p>Based off years of observation, I would say that most magicians don\u2019t consider themselves to be priests \u2013 certainly not a priest in a devotional relationship. Magicians \u2013 and witches \u2013 are mostly concerned with working magic to achieve a goal. Some aren\u2019t very religious and a few are outright anti-religious.<\/p>\n<p>But in our Pagan and polytheist religions, we expect our priests to be good magicians. This is especially true when we need a house cleansing or when we think someone is working magic against us and we need help.<\/p>\n<h1>15. Leader and Figurehead<\/h1>\n<p>I\u2019ve avoided using the term \u201cleader\u201d so far. Leadership can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2018\/11\/13-questions-for-pagan-leaders.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">come from any position or role<\/a>. But we expect leadership from our priests, and we often look at them as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2019\/03\/practitioner-leaders-not-big-name-pagans.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">figureheads in our movement<\/a>, rightly or wrongly.<\/p>\n<p>Most prominent Pagans I know accept their public-facing work as a necessity. A few simply refuse to do it \u2013 it causes them too much stress. And a few love it\u2026 sometimes too much.<\/p>\n<h1>How much can one person do?<\/h1>\n<p>Do you know anybody who\u2019s an expert at all these things\u2026 other than <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2017\/07\/the-coming-of-lugh.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Lugh Samild\u00e1nach<\/a>, that is? I\u2019m certainly not.<\/p>\n<p>But I\u2019ve done all these things in my service as a priest. I\u2019m very good at a few of them. I\u2019m adequate with most. A few I\u2019m barely passable. But I do them all when needed because they need to be done and somebody\u2019s got to do them.<\/p>\n<p>As our Pagan and polytheist religions grow, we will have more opportunities for specialization, and also more need for specialization.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps we can use the word \u201cpriest\u201d to simply mean \u201cconsecrated religious specialist\u201d \u2013 but then add what they specialize in. We would have liturgical priests and magician priests and counselor priests. Perhaps some traditions would expect their priests to be competent diviners, while others would expect some skill in counseling. There are many ways to divide up the work.<\/p>\n<h1>Toward a robust religious vocabulary<\/h1>\n<p>\u201cOh, you\u2019re a Pagan priest \u2013 you must do elements 1, 4, and 6.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNo, I\u2019m a Pagan priest \u2013 I do elements 3, 8, and 9.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Not only do we need to figure out what we want our priests to do, we need a bigger vocabulary for religious specialists.<\/p>\n<p>But for the love of all the Gods, don\u2019t go grabbing a word from a language you don\u2019t speak fluently. You\u2019re as likely as not to pick a word with inaccurate and perhaps embarrassing connotations. Our religious vocabulary will have to evolve organically \u2013 first we determine a role, then we find a name for it.<\/p>\n<p>For now, let\u2019s continue the conversation. What roles did I overlook? Can any of them be combined into one \u201cjob description\u201d? Are there already good words for some of them?<\/p>\n<p>Mainly, what do we want our consecrated religious specialists to do, and what should be the responsibility of the people in general?<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When our ancestors converted to Christianity, we lost traditions, we lost infrastructure, and we lost vocabulary. What do we want our priests to do and what should be the responsibility of the people in general? Can anyone actually fill all these roles? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1129,"featured_media":14411,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1101],"tags":[4,431,5,8,147],"class_list":["post-14381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-foundations-and-context","tag-pagan","tag-pagan-priesthood","tag-paganism","tag-polytheism","tag-priesthood"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>15 Roles of Pagan Priesthood \u2013 How Many Is Too Many?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When our ancestors converted to Christianity, we lost traditions, we lost infrastructure, and we lost vocabulary. What do we want our priests to do and what should be the responsibility of the people in general? 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Wandering through them gave me a sense of connection to Nature and to a certain Forest God. I\u2019m a Druid graduate of the Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids, the Coordinating Officer of the Denton Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans and a former Vice President of CUUPS Continental. I\u2019ve been writing, speaking, teaching, and leading public rituals for the past eleven years. 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