{"id":5070,"date":"2016-06-01T06:29:21","date_gmt":"2016-06-01T12:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/?p=5070"},"modified":"2016-05-30T07:42:33","modified_gmt":"2016-05-30T13:42:33","slug":"dispassionately-dissecting-religion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2016\/06\/dispassionately-dissecting-religion.html","title":{"rendered":"Dispassionately Dissecting Religion"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2016\/05\/04-232-Knowth.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5072\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-5072 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2016\/05\/04-232-Knowth-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"04 232 Knowth\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\"><\/a>I just came across this story from early May about a lecture given by Pulitzer Prize winning geography professor Jared Diamond titled \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/newsroom.ucla.edu\/stories\/jared-diamond:-a-dispassionate-look-at-religion-over-the-course-of-history\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">The Evolution and Function of Human Religion<\/a>.\u201d Diamond is best known for his books <em>Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies<\/em> and <em>Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed<\/em>. He\u2019s demonstrated a brilliant insight into human behavior and if he has thoughts on the evolution of religion I thought I\u2019d like to hear them.<\/p>\n<p>Ever since I realized Genesis is not literally true I\u2019ve wondered about the origins of religion. Humans are the only animals with religion \u2013 it had to arise somewhere in our evolutionary history. As non-theistic anthropologists like to point out, religion is costly \u2013 if it didn\u2019t provide an evolutionary advantage, it would have died out long ago. But it hasn\u2019t, so it must provide some tangible benefits.<\/p>\n<p>Diamond lists six benefits of religion:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Explaining the natural world, absent scientific understanding of the universe.<\/li>\n<li>Diffusing anxiety over dangers beyond human control.<\/li>\n<li>Providing comfort in the face of pain, suffering and mortality.<\/li>\n<li>Teaching obedience toward political leaders.<\/li>\n<li>Teaching peaceful behavior toward strangers within one\u2019s own society.<\/li>\n<li>Justifying killing enemies from other societies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This list isn\u2019t bad, but it\u2019s not particularly original \u2013 I\u2019ve seen variations on it from other sources. It lacks \u201cbuilding group identity and cohesion\u201d which is frequently cited as the primary non-theistic driver of religion. And by Diamond\u2019s own admission, the final three items are unique to the relatively modern organized religions \u2013 they are not present in tribal religions, and #4 and #6 are in decline in the liberal religions.<\/p>\n<p>There are two serious problems with the list, though. The first is the idea that religion evolved to \u201cexplain the natural world, <em>absent scientific understanding of the universe<\/em>.\u201d When we read stories of Apollo driving the sun across the sky in a chariot or Ra traversing the perils of the underworld each night to bring the sun back to the east, we are reading myths \u2013 stories people told themselves to give their world meaning and structure. To imply the ancients thought they were literally true because they didn\u2019t have \u201cproper\u201d science is an ethnocentric insult.<\/p>\n<p>Look at the precision with which the pyramids are laid out. Look at the stellar alignments at G\u00f6bekli Tepe. Look at the midwinter sunrise at Newgrange. These were sophisticated people with exactly the same brainpower we have \u2013 they understood the natural world quite well. But unlike many of us, they didn\u2019t try to convince themselves that literal truth is the only truth.<\/p>\n<p>But what\u2019s really missing from this list is anything resembling religious experience. Christianity as we know it began with Paul\u2019s Damascus Road experience of Jesus. Islam began when the angel Gabriel appeared to Muhammad. <a href='https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/library\/buddhism' target='_blank'>Buddhism<\/a> began when Siddhartha Gautama sat under the Bodhi tree until he received enlightenment and became the Buddha.<\/p>\n<p>The traditional religions Diamond supposedly knows so well from his \u201cdecades-long work with tribal cultures of New Guinea\u201d are based on the near-constant experience of ancestors and spirits, with customs and rituals designed to keep people in right relationship with them.<\/p>\n<p>Experience, experience, experience.<\/p>\n<p>It is possible to study religion and its origins and only consider non-theistic hypotheses. It can\u2019t be done particularly well, but it can be done. But it is impossible to make even a half-hearted attempt to explain the origins and evolution of religion without considering the impact of the interaction of humans with Gods and spirits. Call them \u201cnuminous forces\u201d if you can\u2019t bring yourself to even consider the existence of Gods and spirits, but at the very least academic integrity demands that a researcher pay serious attention to what the objects of said research actually say they\u2019re doing.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s a lot we can learn from Jared Diamond here \u2013 it\u2019s just not what he intended to teach.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s hard to study something you don\u2019t believe is real. Now, we all know religion is real \u2013 drive down the street or turn on the TV and you can see it. But there\u2019s a difference between recognizing something exists and accepting that people find meaning and power in it. We need not accept every faith claim of every religion to understand there\u2019s something to it, even if a dispassionate dissection can\u2019t quite figure out what it is.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2016\/05\/ECG-2015-13-600x300.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5073\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5073\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/243\/2016\/05\/ECG-2015-13-600x300.jpg\" alt=\"ECG 2015 13 600x300\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A quote alternative attributed to Confucius and George Bernard Shaw (<a href=\"http:\/\/quoteinvestigator.com\/2015\/01\/26\/doing\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">both incorrectly<\/a>) says \u201cpeople who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those who are doing it.\u201d If you want to understand the origins of religion, to go talk to someone who\u2019s having a religious experience. Or better yet, go talk to someone who can show you how to have one of your own. The Gods move according to Their own desires and we cannot command Them to appear for our amusement (or even for our education), but there are practices, rituals, and techniques that have been shown to be quite helpful in facilitating communication between humans and spirits.<\/p>\n<p>Our mainstream culture tells us religion is all about what we believe. There\u2019s a place for belief in modern Paganism and polytheism, but that place comes after experience. Meet the Gods. Meet the ancestors. Meet the spirits of the land where you are. Feel their presence. Listen to them speak \u2013 sometimes in words, other times in feelings and impressions. Experience them for yourself. Then, when it\u2019s over, you can start to think about what you believe about it.<\/p>\n<p>Even after you\u2019ve had time to start forming beliefs, resist the urge to cut open the goose that laid the golden eggs. Remember the words of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/johnbeckett\/2016\/04\/the-chaos-protocols.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">chaos magician<\/a> Peter Carroll: \u201cmagic works in practice but not in theory.\u201d Religious theory helps us locate our practices and beliefs within the wider world, but it is not necessary to \u201cprove\u201d it\u2019s real.<\/p>\n<p>Our proof comes in living our lives: does our religion help us live fuller, more meaningful lives? Does it help us form and strengthen connections with other people, other tribes, and other species? Does it help us draw close to the Gods and to Their virtues and values?<\/p>\n<p>So yes, if you want to investigate the origins of religion, you can dispassionately dissect all the worlds\u2019 religion, distill it down and see what remains. You\u2019ll find something\u2026 whether it\u2019s meaningful or not remains to be seen. But if you really want to understand the origins of religion, begin with the reality of religious experience.<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pulitzer Prize winning geography professor Jared Diamond presented yet another non-theistic explanation of the origins of religion. He overlooked the most important factor: the interaction of humans with Gods and spirits. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1129,"featured_media":5073,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[1036,1037,4,5,1039,8,1038],"class_list":["post-5070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-theology","tag-jared-diamond","tag-origins-of-religion","tag-pagan","tag-paganism","tag-peter-carroll","tag-polytheism","tag-religious-evolution"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Dispassionately Dissecting Religion<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pulitzer Prize winning geography professor Jared Diamond presented yet another non-theistic explanation of the origins of religion. 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