{"id":18617,"date":"2026-06-04T01:21:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T05:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/?p=18617"},"modified":"2026-06-04T01:21:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T05:21:14","slug":"the-gospel-of-john-the-prologue-to-a-new-torah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/06\/the-gospel-of-john-the-prologue-to-a-new-torah\/","title":{"rendered":"The Gospel of John: The Prologue to a New Torah"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p><em>You can find my two-part introduction to the <\/em>Gospel of John<em> at\u00a0<a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2025\/12\/the-gospel-according-to-saint-john-an-introduction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">these<\/a>\u00a0two\u00a0<a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2025\/12\/the-gospel-according-to-saint-john-an-outroduction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">links<\/a>, and my index\/outline for it\u00a0<a class=\" decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2025\/12\/an-index-outline-for-the-gospel-of-john\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>; for the previous installment on <\/em>John<em> 11:47-12:11, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/05\/the-gospel-of-john-entry-to-the-book-of-glory\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">go here<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>The <\/em>Gospel of John<em>: The Prologue to a New <\/em>Torah<em> (<\/em>John<em> 12:12-50)<\/em><\/h3>\n<p><em>The <\/em>Logos<em>\u2018s entries into and departures from Yrushalem in chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/02\/the-gospel-of-john-the-third-sign-part-i\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">5<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/04\/the-gospel-of-john-sukkot-part-i\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">7<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/04\/the-gospel-of-john-unblinding-light-part-i\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/05\/the-gospel-of-john-chanukah\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">10<\/a> have gone largely un-narrated, or have even taken place on the sly. Here, we finally get a public entry into the city like the one <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/01\/the-gospel-of-john-the-sacred-heart\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">in chapter 2<\/a> seems to be\u2014arguably a hint that these are actually the same visit to the Holy City, albeit narrated out of order. (We are informed in <\/em>Mark<em>, whose chronology seems to me to be the most exact, that the Triumphal Entry took place on one day and the cleansing of the Temple occurred on the following day.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12668 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/1245\/2025\/08\/Screen-Shot-2025-08-10-at-10.39.24-PM-292x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"292\" height=\"300\"><\/p>\n<p><em>This also passage leans heavily into the second <\/em>I am the ___<em> statement, \u201cI am the light of the world,\u201d thus recalling the grand narrative of <\/em>Sukkot<em> (which wound up being a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/04\/the-gospel-of-john-sukkot-part-i\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">four-part<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/04\/the-gospel-of-john-sukkot-part-ii\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">translation<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/04\/the-gospel-of-john-sukkot-part-iii\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">commentary<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/04\/the-gospel-of-john-sukkot-part-iv\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">project<\/a>). It is probably no co\u00efncidence that, in the following chapter, we will be seeing the third and final nightfall of the book.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>There is a passage from a play that I like which, in my mind, is closely tied to the Triumphal Entry. The play recounts the martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury\u2014a martyrdom which is in itself exceedingly strange, and not only because it took place in a cathedral, reportedly during Vespers!<\/em><sup>1<\/sup><em> Many bishops have been killed for the faith, but this was not a killing done by outlaws inflamed with a pagan <\/em>odium fidei<em>; nor did it happen on Christendom\u2019s twilit periphery. It took place in a realm called \u201cthe dowry of Our Lady,\u201d at the hands of respected members of the military, during the zenith of the High Middle Ages\u2014the very scene and place and folk and time when, by any reasonable expectation, a Catholic bishop should surely have been safe. But he wasn\u2019t.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small><em>Here is no continuing city, here is no abiding stay.<\/em><\/small><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small><em>Ill the wind, ill the time, uncertain the profit, certain the danger.<\/em><\/small><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small><em>O late late late, late is the time, late too late, and rotten the year;<\/em><\/small><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small><em>Evil the wind, and bitter the sea, and grey the sky, grey grey grey.<\/em><\/small><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small><em>O Thomas, return, Archbishop; return, return, return to France.<\/em><\/small><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small><em>Return. Quickly. Quietly. Leave us to perish in quiet.<\/em><\/small><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small><em>You come with applause, you come with rejoicing, but you come bringing death into Canterbury:<\/em><\/small><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small><em>A doom on the house, a doom on yourself, a doom on the world.<\/em><\/small><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small><em>\u2014T. S. Eliot, <\/em>Murder In the Cathedral<em>, Act One<\/em><\/small><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>This re-entry to the cosmic center (as discussed the commentary on 2:13-23, linked about) occurs just before what\u2019s known as the Upper Room Discourse, which begins in John 13:31 and lasts through the end of chapter 17. That discourse will open with a \u201cnew commandment,\u201d a <\/em>mitzvah<em> which the <\/em>Torah<em> did not contain. Here, preparatory to that, we get the vivid quasi-parable explaining that a seed must fall into the ground and die before fruit can be borne; this arguably hints at the ultimate severing of what at this stage is still \u201cBeyt Yeshua\u201d from its parent faith of Judaism. Strikingly, this is also one of the rare chapters in which the author of the Fourth Gospel, rather than simply alluding to or paralleling material from the <\/em>Tanakh<em>, directly quotes from it (three times).<\/em><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>John<\/em> 12:12-50, RSV-CE<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14402 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/1245\/2025\/10\/Screen-Shot-2025-10-30-at-3.59.19-PM-300x253.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"355\" height=\"299\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><small>Fronds of the <em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em> (date palm).<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The next day a great crowd who had come to the feast heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem. So they took branches of palm trees and went out to meet him, crying, \u201cHosanna!<strong><sup>a<\/sup><\/strong> Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, even the King of Israel!\u201d And Jesus found a young ass and sat upon it; as it is written,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">\u201cFear not, daughter of Zion;<br>\nbehold, your king is coming,<br>\nsitting on an ass\u2019s colt!\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">His disciples did not understand this at first;<strong><sup>b<\/sup><\/strong> but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that this had been written of him and had been done to him. The crowd that had been with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb and raised him from the dead bore witness. The reason why the crowd went to meet him was that they heard he had done this sign. The Pharisees then said to one another, \u201cYou see that you can do nothing; look, the world has gone after him.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Now among those who went up to worship at the feast were some Greeks.<strong><sup>c<\/sup><\/strong> So these came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida in Galilee, and said to him, \u201cSir, we wish to see Jesus.\u201d Philip went and told Andrew; Andrew went with Philip and they told Jesus.<strong><sup>d<\/sup><\/strong> And Jesus answered them, \u201cThe hour has come for the Son of man to be glorified. Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit. He who loves his life loses it, and he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life.<strong><sup>e<\/sup><\/strong> If any one serves me, he must follow me; and where I am, there shall my servant be also; if any one serves me, the Father will honor him.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201cNow is my soul troubled. And what shall I say? \u2018Father, save me from this hour\u2019? No, for this purpose I have come to this hour. Father, glorify thy name.\u201d Then a voice came from heaven, \u201cI have glorified it, and I will glorify it again.\u201d The crowd standing by heard it and said that it had thundered. Others said, \u201cAn angel has spoken to him.\u201d Jesus answered, \u201cThis voice has come for your sake, not for mine. Now is the judgment of this world, now shall the ruler of this world be cast out; and I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all men to myself.\u201d<strong><sup>f<\/sup><\/strong> He said this to show by what death he was to die. The crowd answered him, \u201cWe have heard from the law that the Christ remains for ever. How can you say that the Son of man must be lifted up? Who is this Son of man?\u201d Jesus said to them, \u201cThe light is with you for a little longer. Walk while you have the light, lest the darkness overtake you; he who walks in the darkness does not know where he goes. While you have the light, believe in the light, that you may become sons of light.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-18620 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/1245\/2026\/05\/Screen-Shot-2026-05-22-at-8.28.51-PM-170x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"217\" height=\"383\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><small>The prophet Isaiah depicted in stained glass<\/small><br>\n<small>at St. Matthew\u2019s German Evangelical Lutheran<\/small><br>\n<small>Church in Charleston, SC. Photo by Cadetgray,<\/small><br>\n<small>used via a CC BY-SA 3.0 license (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaiah#\/media\/File:Isaiahwindow.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">source<\/a>).<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">When Jesus had said this, he departed and hid himself from them.<strong><sup>g<\/sup><\/strong> Though he had done so many signs before them, yet they did not believe in him; it was that the word spoken by the prophet Isaiah might be fulfilled:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">\u201cLord, who has believed our report,<br>\nand to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Therefore they could not believe. For Isaiah again said,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">\u201cHe has blinded their eyes and hardened their heart,<br>\nlest they should see with their eyes and perceive with their heart,<strong><sup>h<\/sup><\/strong><br>\nand turn for me to heal them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Isaiah said this because he saw his glory and spoke of him. Nevertheless many even of the authorities believed in him, but for fear of the Pharisees they did not confess it, lest they should be put out of the synagogue: for they loved the praise of men more than the praise of God.<strong><sup>i<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">And Jesus cried out and said,<strong><sup>j<\/sup><\/strong> \u201cHe who believes in me, believes not in me but in him who sent me. And he who sees me sees him who sent me.<strong><sup>k<\/sup><\/strong> I have come as light into the world, that whoever believes in me may not remain in darkness. If any one hears my sayings and does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I did not come to judge the world but to save the world. He who rejects me and does not receive my sayings has a judge; the word that I have spoken will be his judge on the last day.<strong><sup>l<\/sup><\/strong> For I have not spoken on my own authority; the Father who sent me has himself given me commandment what to say and what to speak. And I know that his commandment is eternal life. What I say, therefore, I say as the Father has bidden me.\u201d<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>John<\/em> 12:12-50, my translation<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The next day, many crowds who were coming for the feast, having heard that Yeshua came into Yrushalem, took the fronds of date palms and went out to receive him, and they were crying: \u201c<em>Hoshana<\/em>,<strong><sup>a<\/sup><\/strong> blessed is he who is coming in the name of the Lord, and the king of Israel.\u201d Finding a little donkey, Yeshua sat on it, just as it is written:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Do not be afraid, Daughter of Zion:<br>\nsee, your king is coming,<br>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>seated upon a donkey\u2019s foal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(At first his students did not recognize these things,<strong><sup>b<\/sup><\/strong> but when Yeshua was glorified, then they remembered that these things were written about him and that they did these things to him.) Then the crowd witnessed, who were with him when he called Eleazar out of the monument and raised him from the dead. For the sake of this also the crowd received him, that they heard he had done this sign.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-18686 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/1245\/2026\/05\/Assisi-fresco-300x257.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"402\" height=\"344\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><small>Fresco (c. 1300-1340) depicting the Triumphal<\/small><br>\n<small>Entry, from the Upper Basilica of St. Francis in<\/small><br>\n<small>Assisi, by Pietro Lorenzetti.<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">So the <em>Pryshaya<\/em> said among themselves, \u201cBehold that you are not profiting nothing\u2014look, the world has gone off behind him.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Now there were some Greeks<strong><sup>c<\/sup><\/strong> among those who were coming up in order to worship during the feast; so they came to Philip, [who was] from Beyt Tzayad in the Galilee, and asked him, saying, \u201cSir, we want to see Yeshua.\u201d Philip comes and tells Andre; Andre comes, and Philip, and they tell Yeshua.<strong><sup>d<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Yeshua responds, telling them: \u201cThe hour has come, that the Son of Man will be glorified. <em>\u2018Amin<\/em>, <em>\u2018amin<\/em>, I tell you, unless the kernel of grain falls to the earth and dies, it stays alone; if it does die, it bears much fruit. He who loves his own soul destroys it, and he who hates his own soul in this world guards it for age-long life.<strong><sup>e<\/sup><\/strong> If anyone would serve me, he must follow me, and where I am, there my servant will also be; if anyone serves me, the Father will honor him. Now, my soul is agitated, and what will I say? Father, save me from this hour. But for the sake of this I came to this hour. Father, glorify your Name.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Then a voice came from heaven: \u201cI both have glorified it and will again glorify it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">So the crowd standing [there] and listening began saying thunder came; others said, \u201cA messenger has spoken to him.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">And Yeshua said in response, \u201cThis voice did not come for my sake but for you. Now is judgment of this world, now the prince of this world will be thrown out; and if I be lifted up from the earth, I will draw everyone to myself.\u201d<strong><sup>f<\/sup><\/strong> He said this, signifying the kind of death he was about to die.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Then the crowd responded: \u201cWe heard in the law that the Anointed stays into the age, and how are you saying that it is necessary for the Son of Man to be lifted up? Who is this Son of Man?\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Then Yeshua told them, \u201cA little time yet, the light is among you. Go about while you have the light, lest dark should overtake you, and he who goes about in the dark does not know where he is going. While you have light, have faith in the light, in order that you may become sons of light.\u201d Yeshua said these things, and left and hid himself from them.<strong><sup>g<\/sup><\/strong> Having done all these signs before them, they did not have faith in him, in order that the word of Yshayah the prophet should be fulfilled, which says:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Lord, who has had faith in our report?<br>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>Or to whom is the arm of the Lord unveiled?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16792 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/1245\/2026\/02\/Screen-Shot-2026-02-10-at-12.03.05-AM-271x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"314\" height=\"348\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><small>The Tetragrammaton, from a Sephardic manuscript<\/small><br>\n<small>of the Tanakh.<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Because of this they could not have faith, because again Yshayah says:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">He has blinded their eyes<br>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>and he petrified their mind,<br>\nlest they should see with their eyes<br>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>or understand with their mind<strong><sup>h<\/sup><\/strong><br>\nand turn,<br>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>and I would heal them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Yshayah said these things because he saw his glory, and spoke about him. Nonetheless, many likewise among the princes also had faith in him, but because of the <em>Pryshaya<\/em> they would not affirm [it], lest they be put out of the assembly, for they loved the glory of people rather than the glory of God.<strong><sup>i<\/sup><\/strong> Yet Yeshua cried out and said,<strong><sup>j<\/sup><\/strong> \u201cHe who has faith in me does not have faith in me but in the one who dispatched me, and the one who beholds me beholds him who dispatched me.<strong><sup>k<\/sup><\/strong> I, light, came into the world, in order that all who have faith in me should not stay in the dark. And if anyone should hear my message and not keep it, I do not judge him, for I did not come in order to judge the world but in order that I will save the world. He who rejects me and does not grasp my message has this judgment: the word which I have spoken, this judges him on the Last Day;<strong><sup>l<\/sup><\/strong> because I have not spoken from myself, but the very Father who dispatched me gave me a charge, what I should say and what I should speak. And I know that his charge is age-long life. The things I say, then, just as the Father has told me, I speak likewise.\u201d<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Textual Notes<\/h4>\n<p><strong>a. Hosanna\/<em>Hoshana<\/em> | \u1f69\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bd\u03ac [<em>h\u014dsanna<\/em>]:<\/strong> This is one of the Church\u2019s many Anglo-Semitic terms, ultimately originating in the Hebrew <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><big>\u05d4\u05d5\u05b9\u05e9\u05b7\u05c1\u05e2 \u05e0\u05b8\u05d0<\/big><\/span> [<em>housha\u021d n\u00e2\u2019<\/em>] or \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/Klein_Dictionary%2C_%D7%94%D7%95%D6%B9%D7%A9%D6%B7%D7%81%D7%A2%D6%B0%D7%A0%D6%B8%D7%90.1?lang=bi\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">save, we pray,<\/a>\u201d which by the first century had become so closely associated with prayer to God that it could be used as a laudatory acclamation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. And Jesus found a young ass and sat upon it; as it is written, \u201cFear not, daughter of Zion; \/ behold, your king is coming, \/ sitting on an ass\u2019s colt!\u201d His disciples did not understand this at first\/Finding a little donkey, Yeshua sat on it, just as it is witten: \u201cDo not be afraid, Daughter of Zion: \/ see, your king is coming, \/ seated upon a donkey\u2019s foal.\u201d (At first his students did not recognize these things | \u03b5\u1f51\u03c1\u1f7c\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f41 \u1f38\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u1f40\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u039c\u1f74 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u1fe6, \u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u1f7a \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f14\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c0\u1ff6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f14\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd [<em>heur\u014dn de ho I\u0113sous onarion ekathisen ep\u2019 auto, kath\u014ds estin gegrammenon: M\u0113 fobou, th\u00fcgat\u0113r Si\u014dn: idou ho basileus sou erchetai, kath\u0113menos epi p\u014dlon onou. tauta ouk egn\u014dsan autou hoi math\u0113tai to pr\u014dton<\/em>]:<\/strong> This is an allusion to a passage in <em>Zechariah<\/em>, one of the more apocalyptically-tinged prophets.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">I will encamp about mine house because of the army,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>because of him that passeth by,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>and because of him that returneth:<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and no oppressor shall pass through them any more \u2026<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion;<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>shout, O daughter of Jerusalem:<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">behold, thy King cometh unto thee:<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>he is just, and having salvation;<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">lowly, and riding upon an ass,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>and upon a colt the foal of an ass.<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">And I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>and the horse from Jerusalem,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and the battle bow shall be cut off:<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>and he shall speak peace unto the heathen:<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and his dominion shall be from sea even to sea,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>and from the river even to the ends of the earth. \u2026<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Turn you to the strong hold, ye prisoners of hope:<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>even today do I declare that I will render double unto thee;<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">When I have bent Judah for me,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>filled the bow with Ephraim,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and raised up thy sons, O Zion,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>against thy sons, O Greece,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>and made thee as the sword of a mighty man.<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">And the Lord shall be seen over them,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>and his arrow shall go forth as the lightning \u2026<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">And the Lord their God shall save them in that day as the flock of his people:<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>for they shall be as the stones of a crown,<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u2026..<\/span>lifted up as an ensign upon his land.<\/span><\/small><br>\n<small><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2014<em>Zechariah<\/em> 9:8-10, 12-14, 16<\/span><\/small><\/p>\n<p><strong>c. some Greeks | \u1f1d\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 [<em>Hell\u0113nes tines<\/em>]:<\/strong> \u201cGreeks\u201d presumably means Gentiles. This makes it a little puzzling that they would be coming to Yrushalem for a Judaic solemnity or be interested in meeting a rabbi\u2014but only a little; as mentioned elsewhere, there were Gentile \u201cGod-fearers\u201d among the many peoples of the Mediterranean <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/littoral\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">littoral<\/a>: Africans, Armenians, Celts, Cyrenians, Lydians, Nabateans, Syrians, Tartessians, etc.,<sup>2<\/sup> besides the Greeks and Romans themselves. However, if Hellenistic Jews had been meant, then the obvious word to use would have been \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03af [<em>Hell\u0113nistai<\/em>], \u201cHellenists.\u201d Moreover, this is the very text in which which the universality of the Crucifixion is asserted in v. 32.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-18692 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/1245\/2026\/05\/Screen-Shot-2026-05-27-at-5.51.49-PM-254x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"323\" height=\"381\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><small>Statue of St. Andrew (1715) by Camillo Rusconi<\/small><br>\n<small>in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran. St.<\/small><br>\n<small>Andrew is traditionally reported to have been<\/small><br>\n<small>crucified on an X-shaped cross.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><strong>d. Philip went and told Andrew; Andrew went with Philip and they told Jesus\/Philip comes and tells Andre; Andre comes, and Philip, and they tell Yeshua | \u1f14\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f41 \u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u1f08\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u1fb3\u00b7 \u1f14\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f08\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u1f38\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6 [<em>erchetai ho Filippos kai legei t\u014d Andrea: erchetai Andreas kai Filippos kai legousin t\u014d I\u0113sou<\/em>]:<\/strong> Here, as always in the Fourth Gospel, St. Andrew appears in the process of bringing someone else to Christ (cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2025\/12\/the-gospel-of-john-the-beginning-of-the-new-cosmos-part-ii\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">1:35-41<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/03\/the-gospel-of-john-the-five-thousand-and-the-fifth-sign\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">6:8-11<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>e. He who loves his life loses it, and he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life\/He who loves his own soul destroys it, and he who hates his own soul in this world guards it for age-long life | \u1f41 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1f74\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1f74\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u1ff3 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u1f74\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd [<em>ho fil\u014dn t\u0113n ps\u00fcch\u0113n autou apoll\u00fcei aut\u0113n, kai ho mis\u014dn t\u0113n ps\u00fcch\u0113n autou en t\u014d kosm\u014d tout\u014d eis z\u014d\u0113n ai\u014dnion f\u00fclaxei aut\u0113n<\/em>]:<\/strong> Though differently placed in John, we have here a sentiment quite familiar from the Synoptics.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small>\u201cThe Son of man must suffer many things, and be rejected of the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be slain, and be raised the third day.\u201d And he said to them all, \u201cIf any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me. For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: but whosoever will lose his life for my sake, the same shall save it. For what is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away? For whosoever shall be ashamed of me and of my words, of him shall the Son of man be ashamed, when he shall come in his own glory, and in his Father\u2019s, and of the holy angels.\u201d<\/small><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small>\u2014Luke 9:22-26<\/small><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>f. I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all men to myself\/if I be lifted up from the earth, I will draw everyone to myself | \u03ba\u1f00\u03b3\u1f7c\u00a0\u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u1f51\u03c8\u03c9\u03b8\u1ff6 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b3\u1fc6\u03c2, \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f11\u03bb\u03ba\u03cd\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bc\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd [<em>kag\u014d ean h\u00fcps\u014dth\u014d ek t\u0113s g\u0113s, pantas helk\u00fcs\u014d pros emauton<\/em>]:<\/strong> In the twenty-fifth chapter of his fourth-century book <em>On the Incarnation of the Word<\/em>, St. Athanasius, the hero of Nic\u00e6a, comments as follows. (I\u2019ve edited the text slightly for readability; this translation is one Archibald Robinson\u2019s, and can be found in full <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/fathers\/2802.htm\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">here<\/a>\u2014thank you, New Advent!)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small>If any of our own people also inquire, not from love of debate but from love of learning, why He suffered death in none other way save on the Cross, no other way than this was good for us. If the Lord\u2019s death is the ransom of all, and by His death \u201cthe middle wall of partition is broken down\u201d and the calling of the nations is brought about, how would He have called us to Him, had He not been crucified? For it is only on the cross that a man dies with his hands spread out. Whence it was fitting for the Lord to bear this also and to spread out His hands, that with the one He might draw the ancient people and with the other those from the Gentiles, and unite both in Himself. For this is what He Himself has said, signifying by what manner of death He was to ransom all: \u201cI, when I am lifted up,\u201d He says, \u201cshall draw all men unto Me.\u201d<\/small><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small>And once more: if the devil, the enemy of our race, having fallen from heaven, wanders about our lower atmosphere and there tries to hinder them that are going up (\u201cthe prince of the power of the air\u201d), while the Lord came to cast down the devil and clear the air and prepare the way for us up into heaven\u2014by what other kind of death could this have come to pass than by one which took place in the air? For only he that is perfected on the cross dies in the air. Whence it was quite fitting that the Lord suffered this death. For it was not the Word Himself that needed an opening of the gates, being Lord of all; nor were any of His works closed to their Maker; but we it was that needed it, whom He carried up by His own body; He once more made ready the way up into the heavens.<\/small><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14609 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/1245\/2025\/11\/Flevit-Super-Illam-300x156.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"483\" height=\"251\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><small><em>Flevit Super Illam<\/em> [He wept over her] (1892),<\/small><br>\n<small>by Enrique Simonet.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><strong>h. perceive with their heart\/understand with their mind | \u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u1fb3 [<em>no\u0113s\u014dsin t\u0113 kardia<\/em>]:<\/strong> Most cultures associate certain internal organs, or body parts more generally, with certain emotional, intellectual, and spiritual faculties. In our own day, we tend to associate the brain with the intellect, the heart with most emotions (but especially love, joy, and sorrow), and to some extent the blood and nerves with anger and fear or anxiety, respectively. In Classical Antiquity and the Medieval period, however, associations were a little different: in particular, the brain was not usually part of the reckoning at all, and the heart often played the symbolic role we assign to the brain. (For instance\u2014and I could have sworn I got this from C. S. Lewis in <em>Studies in Words<\/em>, but cannot now find it there\u2014the Latin word <em>cord\u0101tus<\/em>, derived from <em>cor<\/em> \u201cheart,\u201d means not a man of fine sentiment as we might expect, but a man of good sense or prudence.) Hence, it\u2019s often preferable to render \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03b1, incorrectly from a physiological point of view, as \u201cmind,\u201d that being what the author is getting at in our terms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>i. they loved the praise of men more than the praise of God\/they loved the glory of people rather than the glory of God | \u1f20\u03b3\u03ac\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f24\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 [<em>\u0113gap\u0113san gar t\u0113n doxan t\u014dn anthr\u014dp\u014dn mallon \u0113per t\u0113n doxan tou Theou<\/em>]:<\/strong> This is likely a concealed pun, one that St. Paul also employs in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Romans%202%3A29&amp;version=KJV\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Romans 2:29<\/a>. The name Judah (from which the term <em>Jew<\/em> comes), <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><big>\u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4<\/big><\/span> [<em>Y\u2019h\u00fadh\u00e2h<\/em>] in Hebrew, is traditionally derived from the verb <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><big>\u05d9\u05b8\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4<\/big><\/span> [<em>y\u00e2dh\u00e2h<\/em>], which means \u201cto praise.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>j. And Jesus cried out and said\/Yet Yeshua cried out and said | \u1f38\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f14\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd [<em>I\u0113sous de ekraxen kai eipen<\/em>]:<\/strong> The timing of this is unclear; it gives the impression of something Christ said before the self-concealment of note f, but it does come into the narrative naturally here, serving as a kind of summary of his public teaching ministry, before we come to the Upper Room Discourse (chs. 13-17) that concludes the teachings he gave privately, though not (in the long run) secretly, to the Twelve.<\/p>\n<p><strong>k. He who believes in me, believes not in me but in him who sent me. And he who sees me sees him who sent me\/He who has faith in me does not have faith in me but in the one who dispatched me, and the one who beholds me beholds him who dispatched me | \u1f49 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bc\u1f72 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bc\u1f72 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03bc\u1f72 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 [<em>ho pisteu\u014dn eis eme ou pisteuei eis eme alla eis ton pempsanta me, kai ho the\u014dr\u014dn eme the\u014drei ton pempsanta me<\/em>]:<\/strong> This is a motif common to both <em>John<\/em> and the Synoptics. Cf. <em>Luke<\/em> 10:16: \u201cHe that heareth you heareth me; and he that despiseth you despiseth me; and he that despiseth me despiseth him that sent me.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14984 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/1245\/2025\/11\/Screen-Shot-2025-11-27-at-12.21.34-PM-243x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"309\" height=\"381\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><small><em>The Day of Judgment<\/em> (1808), by William Blake.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><strong>l. the word that I have spoken will be his judge on the last day\/the word which I have spoken, this judges him on the Last Day | \u1f41 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f43\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c7\u03ac\u03c4\u1fc3 \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u1fb3 [<em>ho logos hon elal\u0113sa ekeinos krinei auton en t\u0113 eschat\u0113 h\u0113mera<\/em>]:<\/strong> This would seem to contrast with the statements <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/03\/the-gospel-of-john-the-third-sign-part-ii\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">of chapter 5<\/a> that \u201cthe Father has given all judgment to the Son,\u201d \u201cthe Father has given him authority to make judgment, because he is Son of Man,\u201d and \u201cjust as I hear, I judge, and my judgment is just; because I do not seek my own will, but the will of the one who dispatched me.\u201d One possible solution is that, just as the Father relinquishes judgment to the Son, so the Son relinquishes judgment\u2014the question being, to whom? \u201cThe word that I have spoken\u201d isn\u2019t an entirely transparent answer here, since that is not a person and has no agency \u2026 unless we ought to be understanding the Holy Ghost as being \u201cthe word that I have spoken\u201d\u2014the <em>Logos<\/em> of the <em>Logos<\/em>, as it were, that which is to the <em>Logos<\/em> what the <em>Logos<\/em> is to the Father. (This interpretation certainly appears to align with the doctrine of the Double Procession of the Holy Ghost pretty closely.)<\/p>\n<p>This phrasing, on the other hand, seems to correspond with what we mean when we speak of someone being \u201ccondemned out of his own mouth.\u201d If this were taken jointly with the previous interpretation, then we get a reflex of both shortly hereafter in <em>John<\/em> 16:7-11:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><small>It is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send him unto you. And when he is come, he will reprove the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment: of sin, because they believe not on me; of righteousness, because I go to my Father, and ye see me no more; of judgment, because the prince of this world is judged.<\/small><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Footnotes<\/h5>\n<p><small><sup>1<\/sup><em>Vespers<\/em> is the Latin name for the evening office of prayer. It is also, very distantly, akin to the English word <em>west<\/em>. Vespers is nearly equivalent in the Anglican tradition to Evensong, but the latter also draws on the office of Compline (<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.cltexam.com\/how-do-you-say\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">pronounced<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>k\u00f4m<\/strong>-pl\u012dn<\/span> and derived from the Latin <em>compl\u0113t\u014drium<\/em>).<\/small><br>\n<small><sup>2<\/sup>About these labels.<\/small><br>\n<small>\u2022 <em>Africans<\/em> here means people from the <em>Roman province<\/em> referred to as <em>\u0100frica<\/em>, which in modern terms consisted mainly in Tunisia, northern Algeria, and most of the coast of Libya. They were partially Punic in ancestry thanks to Carthage, a city built by colonists from Phoenicia (especially Tyre).<\/small><br>\n<small>\u2022 <em>Armenians<\/em> were anciently much more widespread than they are today, occupying most of the Armenian Plateau (opposite the Caucasus Mountains) and much of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cilicia\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Cilicia<\/a> and northern Mesopotamia.<\/small><br>\n<small>\u2022 <em>Celts<\/em> are best known for living in Gaul, more or less equivalent to modern France, as well as in the British Isles; however, the Halstatt and La T\u00e8ne cultures, which were probably Celtic, spread over much of Europe, from Portugal to Hungary. There was a notable Celtic admixture in northern Italy as well\u2014so much so that it was known as <em>Gallia Cisalpina<\/em>, \u201cGaul on this side of the Alps\u201d\u2014and even a rather smaller area of Celtic settlement in central Anatolia, known after them as <em>Galatia<\/em>.<\/small><br>\n<small>\u2022 The <em>Cyrenians<\/em> were Greek in origin; they had colonized a part of the Mediterranean coast of Africa (in our sense) that now makes up northeastern Libya, and there built the city of Cyrene (as in \u201cSt. Simon of\u201d).<\/small><br>\n<small>\u2022 <em>Lydians<\/em> were a non-Greek but Greek-adjacent ethnicity hailing from western Anatolia. The most famous Lydian is of course Croesus, who is still dead.<\/small><br>\n<small>\u2022 The <em>Nabateans<\/em> were a Semitic people from northern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula; their capital was the famous city of Petra.<\/small><br>\n<small>\u2022 <em>Syrians<\/em> were also a Semitic ethnicity, sometimes called <em>Aram\u00e6ans<\/em>\u2014the names <em>Syria<\/em> and <em>Syrian<\/em> began as clippings of <em>Assyria<\/em> and <em>Assyrian<\/em>, as the Romans conflated the two peoples..<\/small><br>\n<small>\u2022 <em>Tartessians<\/em> came, as everyone knows, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=R87lYt_HoqU&amp;t=592s\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><em>Tartessus<\/em><\/a>, which appears in <em>Jonah<\/em> as \u201cTarshish.\u201d This civilization was in southern Spain (modern Andalusia), and was the western extreme of the known world to first-century Jews, among others.<\/small><\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You can find my two-part introduction to the Gospel of John at\u00a0these\u00a0two\u00a0links, and my index\/outline for it\u00a0here; for the previous installment on John 11:47-12:11, go here. The Gospel of John: The Prologue to a New Torah (John 12:12-50) The Logos\u2018s entries into and departures from Yrushalem in chapters 5, 7, 9, and 10 have gone [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4203,"featured_media":18686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Gospel of John: The Prologue to a New Torah<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"You can find my two-part introduction to the Gospel of John at\u00a0these\u00a0two\u00a0links, and my index\/outline for it\u00a0here; for the previous installment on John\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/mudbloodcatholic\/2026\/06\/the-gospel-of-john-the-prologue-to-a-new-torah\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Gospel of John: The Prologue to a New Torah\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"You can find my two-part introduction to the Gospel of John at\u00a0these\u00a0two\u00a0links, and my index\/outline for it\u00a0here; 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