{"id":1758,"date":"2010-01-07T22:38:00","date_gmt":"2010-01-07T22:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts\/"},"modified":"2010-01-07T22:38:00","modified_gmt":"2010-01-07T22:38:00","slug":"linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html","title":{"rendered":"Linguistics and the Dating of Texts"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/multimedia\/pub\/web\/19412_web.jpg\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/multimedia\/pub\/web\/19412_web.jpg\" width=\"320\"><\/a>I first spotted the news about the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/pub_releases\/2010-01\/uoh-mah010710.php\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">decipherment<\/a> of a 10th-century BC inscription, which turned out to be in Hebrew, on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scientificblogging.com\/news_articles\/oldest_biblical_inscription_deciphered_archaeologists_say\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Scientific Blogging<\/a> about 4 hours ago. Now I see the news has reached the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailyhebrew.com\/2010\/01\/07\/update-10th-century-khirbet-qeiyafa-inscription\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">biblioblogosphere<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/jamestabor.com\/2010\/01\/07\/oldest-hebrew-text-deciphered\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">James Tabor<\/a> relates the find to debates between minimalists and others. <a href=\"http:\/\/robertcargill.com\/2010\/01\/07\/earliest-hebrew-inscription-reported-found\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Bob Cargill<\/a> rightly counters some of the hype (both actual and potential). <a href=\"http:\/\/toshunka.blogspot.com\/2010\/01\/hebrew-epigraphy-news.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Toshunka<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/thechurchofjesuschrist.us\/2010\/01\/etching-hints-bible-is-older-than-thought-earliest-hebrew-inscription-found\/?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+TheChurchOfJesusChrist+%28The+Church+of+Jesus+Christ%29&amp;utm_content=Google+Reader\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Polycarp<\/a> also mention the story.<\/p>\n<p>This fragmentary inscription at best shows that a form of Hebrew, and certain key emphases which are not limited to the Hebrew Bible but are nonetheless characteristic of it, existed in the region in the 10th century BC. <\/p>\n<p>But linguistic data must be used cautiously for dating texts. It is possible for someone in a later period to emulate an archaic style (examples of pseudo-King James\u00a0English abound in the Christian tradition), although as time passes it becomes increasingly difficult to do consistently without anachronisms or other telltale signs. But clearly no one in the tenth century BC would be able to emulate the form\u00a0a language would evolve into five centuries later. And so even if there are affinities of language between the fragments of text on this sherd and what we find in the Hebrew Bible, that might only indicate that old sources were used (a point of which most scholars have long been persuaded based on other considerations) or that older texts were being imitated. And so this piece of the puzzle of Hebrew linguistic evolution and the development of Israelite religion and literature is an important one, but at present does not seem to provide the basis for a major rethinking or overturning of\u00a0any major conclusion.<\/p>\n<p>For those who are interested, here\u2019s the translation provided at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/pub_releases\/2010-01\/uoh-mah010710.php\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Eurekalert<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>1\u2032 you shall not do [it], but worship the [Lord]. <\/p>\n<p>2\u2032 Judge the sla[ve] and the wid[ow] \/ Judge the orph[an] <\/p>\n<p>3\u2032 [and] the stranger. [Pl]ead for the infant \/ plead for the po[or and] <\/p>\n<p>4\u2032 the widow. Rehabilitate [the poor] at the hands of the king. <\/p>\n<p>5\u2032 Protect the po[or and] the slave \/ [supp]ort the stranger.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"blogger-post-footer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/tracker\/7622297540113836091-2084175574440448273?l=exploringourmatrix.blogspot.com\" alt=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I first spotted the news about the decipherment of a 10th-century BC inscription, which turned out to be in Hebrew, on Scientific Blogging about 4 hours ago. Now I see the news has reached the biblioblogosphere. James Tabor relates the find to debates between minimalists and others. Bob Cargill rightly counters some of the hype [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":136,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Linguistics and the Dating of Texts<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I first spotted the news about the decipherment of a 10th-century BC inscription, which turned out to be in Hebrew, on Scientific Blogging about 4 hours\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linguistics and the Dating of Texts\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I first spotted the news about the decipherment of a 10th-century BC inscription, which turned out to be in Hebrew, on Scientific Blogging about 4 hours\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/religionprof\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-01-07T22:38:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/multimedia\/pub\/web\/19412_web.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"James F. McGrath\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ReligionProf\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"James F. McGrath\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html\",\"name\":\"Linguistics and the Dating of Texts\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2010-01-07T22:38:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2010-01-07T22:38:00+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/78342576667b872e3d259c153ce4c5bf\"},\"description\":\"I first spotted the news about the decipherment of a 10th-century BC inscription, which turned out to be in Hebrew, on Scientific Blogging about 4 hours\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Linguistics and the Dating of Texts\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/\",\"name\":\"Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath\",\"description\":\"The Blog of Dr. James F. McGrath, Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University, Indianapolis\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/78342576667b872e3d259c153ce4c5bf\",\"name\":\"James F. McGrath\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/88ca096942acd474313f7ef4227a49da?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/88ca096942acd474313f7ef4227a49da?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"James F. McGrath\"},\"description\":\"Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. BD University of London, PhD Durham University. Author of John's Apologetic Christology, The Only True God, Theology and Science Fiction, and The Burial of Jesus, as well as (with Charles Haberl of Rutgers University) the two-volume Mandaean Book of John critical edition, translation, and commentary. Also author of numerous articles (and a few science fiction short stories) and the editor or co-editor of several volumes.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3Ge8ul5\",\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/religionprof\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/jamesfmcgrath\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jfmcgrat\/\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ReligionProf\",\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/religionprof\",\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/religionprof\",\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_F._McGrath\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/author\/james-f-mcgrath\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Linguistics and the Dating of Texts","description":"I first spotted the news about the decipherment of a 10th-century BC inscription, which turned out to be in Hebrew, on Scientific Blogging about 4 hours","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Linguistics and the Dating of Texts","og_description":"I first spotted the news about the decipherment of a 10th-century BC inscription, which turned out to be in Hebrew, on Scientific Blogging about 4 hours","og_url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html","og_site_name":"Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath","article_author":"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/religionprof\/","article_published_time":"2010-01-07T22:38:00+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/multimedia\/pub\/web\/19412_web.jpg"}],"author":"James F. McGrath","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ReligionProf","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"James F. McGrath","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html","name":"Linguistics and the Dating of Texts","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#website"},"datePublished":"2010-01-07T22:38:00+00:00","dateModified":"2010-01-07T22:38:00+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/78342576667b872e3d259c153ce4c5bf"},"description":"I first spotted the news about the decipherment of a 10th-century BC inscription, which turned out to be in Hebrew, on Scientific Blogging about 4 hours","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2010\/01\/linguistics-and-the-dating-of-texts.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Linguistics and the Dating of Texts"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/","name":"Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath","description":"The Blog of Dr. James F. McGrath, Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University, Indianapolis","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/78342576667b872e3d259c153ce4c5bf","name":"James F. McGrath","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/88ca096942acd474313f7ef4227a49da?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/88ca096942acd474313f7ef4227a49da?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"James F. McGrath"},"description":"Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. BD University of London, PhD Durham University. Author of John's Apologetic Christology, The Only True God, Theology and Science Fiction, and The Burial of Jesus, as well as (with Charles Haberl of Rutgers University) the two-volume Mandaean Book of John critical edition, translation, and commentary. Also author of numerous articles (and a few science fiction short stories) and the editor or co-editor of several volumes.","sameAs":["https:\/\/amzn.to\/3Ge8ul5","http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/religionprof\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/jamesfmcgrath\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jfmcgrat\/","https:\/\/twitter.com\/ReligionProf","http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/religionprof","https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/religionprof","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_F._McGrath"],"url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/author\/james-f-mcgrath"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/136"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1758"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1758\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}