{"id":20684,"date":"2014-01-25T13:42:18","date_gmt":"2014-01-25T18:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/?p=20684"},"modified":"2014-01-25T13:42:18","modified_gmt":"2014-01-25T18:42:18","slug":"1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html","title":{"rendered":"1 Timothy 5:18, Pauline Authorship, and the Gospels"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p>In 1 Timothy 5:18 it says:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">For the Scripture says, \u201cYou shall not muzzle an ox when it treads out the grain,\u201d and,\u201cThe laborer deserves his wages.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>One text quoted is from the Jewish Scriptures. The other is a saying attributed to Jesus in the Gospels.<\/p>\n<p>And so the author of this text, not only do one or more written Gospels exist, but they are being viewed as Scripture.<\/p>\n<p>There could perhaps be other explanations of what we find here \u2013 that a saying of Jesus was misremembered as being from the Hebrew Bible. But if it is deemed more likely that the author intends to refer to Gospels as part of the Scriptures, then given the absence of reference to written Gospels in the authentic letters of Paul, positing that Paul actually wrote 1 Timothy seems particularly difficult.<\/p>\n<p>There are certainly ways of avoiding this conclusion, but it isn\u2019t clear to me that any of them seem to provide a more probable reading of the evidence than what I\u2019ve outline above.<\/p>\n<p>What do others think?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1 Timothy 5:18 it says: For the Scripture says, \u201cYou shall not muzzle an ox when it treads out the grain,\u201d and,\u201cThe laborer deserves his wages.\u201d One text quoted is from the Jewish Scriptures. The other is a saying attributed to Jesus in the Gospels. And so the author of this text, not only [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":136,"featured_media":14750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[213,4110,8815,9706,10942],"class_list":["post-20684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paul-and-his-letters","tag-1-timothy","tag-gospels","tag-paul","tag-pseudepigraphy","tag-scriptures"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>1 Timothy 5:18, Pauline Authorship, and the Gospels<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 1 Timothy 5:18 it says: For the Scripture says, \u201cYou shall not muzzle an ox when it treads out the grain,\u201d and,\u201cThe laborer deserves his wages.\u201d One\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1 Timothy 5:18, Pauline Authorship, and the Gospels\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In 1 Timothy 5:18 it says: For the Scripture says, \u201cYou shall not muzzle an ox when it treads out the grain,\u201d and,\u201cThe laborer deserves his wages.\u201d One\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/religionprof\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-01-25T18:42:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"James F. McGrath\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ReligionProf\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"James F. McGrath\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html\",\"name\":\"1 Timothy 5:18, Pauline Authorship, and the Gospels\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2014-01-25T18:42:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2014-01-25T18:42:18+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/78342576667b872e3d259c153ce4c5bf\"},\"description\":\"In 1 Timothy 5:18 it says: For the Scripture says, \u201cYou shall not muzzle an ox when it treads out the grain,\u201d and,\u201cThe laborer deserves his wages.\u201d One\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"1 Timothy 5:18, Pauline Authorship, and the Gospels\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/\",\"name\":\"Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath\",\"description\":\"The Blog of Dr. James F. McGrath, Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University, Indianapolis\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/78342576667b872e3d259c153ce4c5bf\",\"name\":\"James F. McGrath\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/88ca096942acd474313f7ef4227a49da?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/88ca096942acd474313f7ef4227a49da?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"James F. McGrath\"},\"description\":\"Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. BD University of London, PhD Durham University. Author of John's Apologetic Christology, The Only True God, Theology and Science Fiction, and The Burial of Jesus, as well as (with Charles Haberl of Rutgers University) the two-volume Mandaean Book of John critical edition, translation, and commentary. Also author of numerous articles (and a few science fiction short stories) and the editor or co-editor of several volumes.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3Ge8ul5\",\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/religionprof\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/jamesfmcgrath\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jfmcgrat\/\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ReligionProf\",\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/religionprof\",\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/religionprof\",\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_F._McGrath\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/author\/james-f-mcgrath\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"1 Timothy 5:18, Pauline Authorship, and the Gospels","description":"In 1 Timothy 5:18 it says: For the Scripture says, \u201cYou shall not muzzle an ox when it treads out the grain,\u201d and,\u201cThe laborer deserves his wages.\u201d One","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"1 Timothy 5:18, Pauline Authorship, and the Gospels","og_description":"In 1 Timothy 5:18 it says: For the Scripture says, \u201cYou shall not muzzle an ox when it treads out the grain,\u201d and,\u201cThe laborer deserves his wages.\u201d One","og_url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html","og_site_name":"Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath","article_author":"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/religionprof\/","article_published_time":"2014-01-25T18:42:18+00:00","author":"James F. McGrath","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ReligionProf","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"James F. McGrath","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html","name":"1 Timothy 5:18, Pauline Authorship, and the Gospels","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#website"},"datePublished":"2014-01-25T18:42:18+00:00","dateModified":"2014-01-25T18:42:18+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/78342576667b872e3d259c153ce4c5bf"},"description":"In 1 Timothy 5:18 it says: For the Scripture says, \u201cYou shall not muzzle an ox when it treads out the grain,\u201d and,\u201cThe laborer deserves his wages.\u201d One","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2014\/01\/1-timothy-518-pauline-authorship-and-the-gospels.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"1 Timothy 5:18, Pauline Authorship, and the Gospels"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/","name":"Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath","description":"The Blog of Dr. James F. McGrath, Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University, Indianapolis","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/78342576667b872e3d259c153ce4c5bf","name":"James F. McGrath","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/88ca096942acd474313f7ef4227a49da?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/88ca096942acd474313f7ef4227a49da?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"James F. McGrath"},"description":"Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. BD University of London, PhD Durham University. Author of John's Apologetic Christology, The Only True God, Theology and Science Fiction, and The Burial of Jesus, as well as (with Charles Haberl of Rutgers University) the two-volume Mandaean Book of John critical edition, translation, and commentary. Also author of numerous articles (and a few science fiction short stories) and the editor or co-editor of several volumes.","sameAs":["https:\/\/amzn.to\/3Ge8ul5","http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/religionprof\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/jamesfmcgrath\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jfmcgrat\/","https:\/\/twitter.com\/ReligionProf","http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/religionprof","https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/religionprof","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_F._McGrath"],"url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/author\/james-f-mcgrath"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/136"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20684"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20684\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}