{"id":82561,"date":"2020-10-17T05:00:05","date_gmt":"2020-10-17T09:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/?p=82561"},"modified":"2020-10-16T16:12:31","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T20:12:31","slug":"the-whore-of-babylon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2020\/10\/the-whore-of-babylon.html","title":{"rendered":"The Whore of Babylon on the Phone"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p>I get unsolicited phone calls and emails all the time, but yesterday\u2019s was a first. While I was out of the office, someone I don\u2019t know called my work number and left a voicemail saying that she urgently wants to talk with me about\u2026the whore of Babylon.<\/p>\n<p>Part of me feels that perhaps this is a Republican voter who just noticed for the first time that there is a striking resemblance between this depiction of the Roman Empire found in the Bible\u2019s Book of Revelation and the United States in the present day. If so, she might need encouragement to continue thinking along those lines.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ve nonetheless decided not to return the call. But let me share some things that on that topic, including some blog posts that I\u2019ve written previously that relate to this topic. First, <a href=\"https:\/\/rachelheldevans.com\/blog\/inspired-excerpt-resistance-stories\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Rachel Held Evans wrote<\/a>: \u201cAmerica\u2019s no ancient Babylon or Rome, I know that. But America\u2019s no kingdom of God either.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Revelation 17 played a decisive role in changing my entire approach to the Book of Revelation:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"FWWLb0NRCa\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2012\/03\/is-revelation-179-10-the-decisive-evidence-against-the-end-times-view-of-revelation.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Is Revelation 17:9-10 the Decisive Evidence against the End-Times view of Revelation?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cIs Revelation 17:9-10 the Decisive Evidence against the End-Times view of Revelation?\u201d \u2014 Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath\" src=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2012\/03\/is-revelation-179-10-the-decisive-evidence-against-the-end-times-view-of-revelation.html\/embed#?secret=UQDqrFQ7Gq#?secret=FWWLb0NRCa\" data-secret=\"FWWLb0NRCa\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>I also wrote about that in a post whose title makes it seem dated, as all \u201cend times\u201d approaches to the Book of Revelation quickly do. Unfortunately, just like the inerrantist approach that served to justify slavery, then subservience of women, then denial of equal rights based on religion and sexuality, the fruits of the approach are shown to be bad and yet those who interpret the Bible in this way seem to think (despite Jesus\u2019 famous saying) that the tree can nonetheless be good.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"9bxrzt7KPJ\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2008\/06\/how-i-know-barack-obama-is-not-the-antichrist.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">How I Know Barack Obama Is NOT The Antichrist<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cHow I Know Barack Obama Is NOT The Antichrist\u201d \u2014 Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath\" src=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2008\/06\/how-i-know-barack-obama-is-not-the-antichrist.html\/embed#?secret=VYmowQAfYh#?secret=9bxrzt7KPJ\" data-secret=\"9bxrzt7KPJ\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>See too:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"1ILF7qEkI3\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2018\/07\/reading-revelation-from-the-margins-and-from-a-position-of-power.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Reading Revelation from the Margins and from a Position of Power<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cReading Revelation from the Margins and from a Position of Power\u201d \u2014 Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath\" src=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2018\/07\/reading-revelation-from-the-margins-and-from-a-position-of-power.html\/embed#?secret=3XAy6IoAcr#?secret=1ILF7qEkI3\" data-secret=\"1ILF7qEkI3\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"0lSBJDppnd\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2012\/07\/the-bible-barack-obama-and-american-business.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">The Bible, Barack Obama, and American Business<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cThe Bible, Barack Obama, and American Business\u201d \u2014 Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath\" src=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2012\/07\/the-bible-barack-obama-and-american-business.html\/embed#?secret=hj0sdi7GWE#?secret=0lSBJDppnd\" data-secret=\"0lSBJDppnd\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"X5cUd0NzjH\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2015\/12\/merely-a-remake.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Merely a Remake<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cMerely a Remake\u201d \u2014 Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. McGrath\" src=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2015\/12\/merely-a-remake.html\/embed#?secret=jiU6KeqK05#?secret=X5cUd0NzjH\" data-secret=\"X5cUd0NzjH\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Also of possible related interest:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/kenschenck.blogspot.com\/2020\/10\/introduction-to-revelation-explanatory.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Ken Schenck<\/a> is <a href=\"http:\/\/kenschenck.blogspot.com\/2020\/09\/revelation-6-explanatory-notes.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">blogging<\/a> his way through the Book of <a href=\"http:\/\/kenschenck.blogspot.com\/2020\/10\/revelation-7-explanatory-notes.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Revelation<\/a>. He hasn\u2019t made it up to the Whore of Babylon (or better, \u201cBabylon the Prostitute\u201d) yet.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/relcfp.com\/post\/631840232613052416\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">a call for papers on \u201cAllegory and Futurity: Prophesy, Eschatology, and the Possibilities of Political Subversion\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"sgy8gaLyIh\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/baptistnews.com\/article\/remembering-amos-where-white-evangelicals-lost-their-way\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Remembering Amos: Where white evangelicals lost their way<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cRemembering Amos: Where white evangelicals lost their way\u201d \u2014 Baptist News Global\" src=\"https:\/\/baptistnews.com\/article\/remembering-amos-where-white-evangelicals-lost-their-way\/embed\/#?secret=TzCTn5Tbf8#?secret=sgy8gaLyIh\" data-secret=\"sgy8gaLyIh\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/anxiousbench\/2020\/10\/can-white-evangelical-theology-produce-democratic-voters\/<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2020\/10\/06\/white-evangelicals-and-qanon-contd\/<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.episcopalcafe.com\/what-shall-i-do-with-this-people\/?utm_source=feedly&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=what-shall-i-do-with-this-people<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.episcopalcafe.com\/building-a-bigger-table\/?utm_source=feedly&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=building-a-bigger-table<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.episcopalcafe.com\/the-neighbor-question-again\/?utm_source=feedly&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=the-neighbor-question-again<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/thepietythatliesbetween.blogspot.com\/2020\/10\/if-i-cannot-love-insert-your-preferred.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Eric Reitan on Christian love<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.allanbevere.com\/2020\/10\/christians-and-violence-modest-proposal.html?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+allanbevere%2FROss+%28Allan+R.+Bevere%29\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Allan Bevere offers a modest proposal on Christian violence<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"vYjbblPX9v\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/religionnews.com\/2020\/10\/16\/what-does-the-bible-really-say-about-abortion\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">What does the Bible really say about abortion?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cWhat does the Bible really say about abortion?\u201d \u2014 RNS\" src=\"https:\/\/religionnews.com\/2020\/10\/16\/what-does-the-bible-really-say-about-abortion\/embed\/#?secret=3CbTqXjhSc#?secret=vYjbblPX9v\" data-secret=\"vYjbblPX9v\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bobcornwall.com\/2020\/09\/religion-politics-and-supreme-court.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Religion, politics, and the Supreme Court<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"cYDDt3Owyz\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/dont-be-a-one-issue-voter\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Don\u2019t Be a One Issue Voter\u2013even if that issue is abortion<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cDon\u2019t Be a One Issue Voter\u2013even if that issue is abortion\u201d \u2014 Freelance Christianity\" src=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/dont-be-a-one-issue-voter\/embed\/#?secret=3JYmreM2EW#?secret=cYDDt3Owyz\" data-secret=\"cYDDt3Owyz\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/freelancechristianity\/will-we-be-able-to-move-past-polarization\/<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.redletterchristians.org\/faith-is-on-the-ballot-a-call-for-the-latino-vote\/?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+RedLetterChristians+%28Red+Letter+Christians%29<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/thewayofimprovement.com\/2020\/10\/14\/mitt-romney-searches-for-the-center-in-american-political-life\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theologycurator.com\/jesus-politics-pulling-a-judas\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Jesus Politics: Pulling a Judas<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theologycurator.com\/jesus-politics-christian-nationalist\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Jesus Politics: Christian Nationalist<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"cSbh3v7Zlx\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.homebrewedchristianty.com\/2020\/10\/14\/diana-butler-bass-evangelical-decline-the-supreme-court-and-the-horizon-of-possibility\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Diana Butler Bass: Evangelical Decline, the Supreme Court, and the Horizon of Possibility<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cDiana Butler Bass: Evangelical Decline, the Supreme Court, and the Horizon of Possibility\u201d \u2014 Tripp Fuller\" src=\"https:\/\/www.homebrewedchristianty.com\/2020\/10\/14\/diana-butler-bass-evangelical-decline-the-supreme-court-and-the-horizon-of-possibility\/embed\/#?secret=BuCIzd3UwU#?secret=cSbh3v7Zlx\" data-secret=\"cSbh3v7Zlx\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/friendlyatheist.patheos.com\/2020\/10\/13\/donald-trump-is-losing-support-from-white-evangelicals-at-a-critical-time\/<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/friendlyatheist.patheos.com\/2020\/10\/13\/former-pro-life-activist-my-body-shouldnt-be-up-for-public-debate-2\/<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/thewayofimprovement.com\/2020\/10\/11\/a-veteran-pastor-on-evangelical-support-for-trump\/<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/thewayofimprovement.com\/2020\/10\/16\/abc-news-on-white-evangelicals-and-the-2020-election\/<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/thewayofimprovement.com\/2020\/10\/13\/will-amy-coney-barretts-charismatic-faith-make-her-less-predictable-as-a-justice\/<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/thewayofimprovement.com\/2020\/10\/15\/the-trump-administration-in-9-tweets\/<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"OxsF1dbZEq\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/davidbcapes.com\/2020\/10\/15\/context-is-king\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Context is King<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cContext is King\u201d \u2014 A Word in Edgewise\" src=\"https:\/\/davidbcapes.com\/2020\/10\/15\/context-is-king\/embed\/#?secret=SCIGMXQV09#?secret=OxsF1dbZEq\" data-secret=\"OxsF1dbZEq\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/donald-trump-campaign-finance-campaigns-satanism-michael-pence-5049bb7e1001a5344c32fef71ff9854f\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\">QAnon supporters behind canceled fundraiser give Trump $1M<\/a><\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I get unsolicited phone calls and emails all the time, but yesterday\u2019s was a first. While I was out of the office, someone I don\u2019t know called my work number and left a voicemail saying that she urgently wants to talk with me about\u2026the whore of Babylon. Part of me feels that perhaps this is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":136,"featured_media":82567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[75,81],"tags":[941,1311,14745,10293,16900],"class_list":["post-82561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","category-revelation-bible","tag-babylon","tag-book-of-revelation","tag-prostitute","tag-revelation","tag-whore"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Whore of Babylon on the Phone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I get unsolicited phone calls and emails all the time, but yesterday&#039;s was a first. While I was out of the office, someone I don&#039;t know called my work\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2020\/10\/the-whore-of-babylon.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Whore of Babylon on the Phone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I get unsolicited phone calls and emails all the time, but yesterday&#039;s was a first. While I was out of the office, someone I don&#039;t know called my work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2020\/10\/the-whore-of-babylon.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. 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McGrath, Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University, Indianapolis\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/78342576667b872e3d259c153ce4c5bf\",\"name\":\"James F. McGrath\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/88ca096942acd474313f7ef4227a49da?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/88ca096942acd474313f7ef4227a49da?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"James F. McGrath\"},\"description\":\"Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. BD University of London, PhD Durham University. Author of John's Apologetic Christology, The Only True God, Theology and Science Fiction, and The Burial of Jesus, as well as (with Charles Haberl of Rutgers University) the two-volume Mandaean Book of John critical edition, translation, and commentary. Also author of numerous articles (and a few science fiction short stories) and the editor or co-editor of several volumes.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3Ge8ul5\",\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/religionprof\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/jamesfmcgrath\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jfmcgrat\/\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ReligionProf\",\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/religionprof\",\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/religionprof\",\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_F._McGrath\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/author\/james-f-mcgrath\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The Whore of Babylon on the Phone","description":"I get unsolicited phone calls and emails all the time, but yesterday's was a first. While I was out of the office, someone I don't know called my work","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2020\/10\/the-whore-of-babylon.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Whore of Babylon on the Phone","og_description":"I get unsolicited phone calls and emails all the time, but yesterday's was a first. While I was out of the office, someone I don't know called my work","og_url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/religionprof\/2020\/10\/the-whore-of-babylon.html","og_site_name":"Religion Prof: The Blog of James F. 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