\nDr. Alexander, in what ways do you believe Muslims are misrepresented in the media?<\/em><\/strong>![\"https:\/\/www.ctu.edu\/timthumb.php?w=225&src=www.ctu.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/alexanders002.jpg\"](\"https:\/\/www.ctu.edu\/timthumb.php?w=225&src=www.ctu.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/alexanders002.jpg\")
<\/p>\nSince 9-11 there has been a surge in the systematic demonization of\u00a0Islam and Muslims commonly referred to as \u201cIslamophobia.\u201d In a nutshell, Islamophobia operates on the deeply racist premise\u00a0that Muslims are the ultimate religious and cultural \u201cother.\u201d Contemporary Islamophobic discourse draws on centuries-old\u00a0European stereotypes of Islam and Muslims, adding \u201cundemocratic\u201d to \u201cviolent,\u201d \u201chyper-sexualized,\u201d and \u201cmisogynist.\u201d<\/p>\n
Islamophobia has come to play a central role in the master narrative of Western cultural\/moral superiority. This is all despite the fact that in its\u00a0latest, and allegedly greatest, century the West has been the locus of two World Wars, the Shoah, and the first nation in history to\u00a0use nuclear weapons against civilian populations.
\nHow do you think the media\u2019s false depiction of Muslims has had an effect upon Christian thinking?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nNot unlike religious people themselves, the media tends to misrepresent ALL religions through a massive failure to situate\u00a0religious phenomena in their broader social and historical contexts.<\/p>\n
This failure is particularly unfortunate and harmful when it comes to Christian approaches to religious \u201cothers,\u201d especially\u00a0Muslims. It encourages inherent misunderstanding and sometimes even deliberate alienation and demonization of religious\u00a0\u201cothers.\u201d<\/p>\n
It has become popular to believe that Islam is intolerant of religious diversity (e.g., Christianity). Is this correct?\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nReligious minorities such as Christians, Jews, Hindus, Buddhists,\u00a0Zoroastrians, etc. have lived (and often flourished) for centuries in Muslim majority societies. Thus any read of Islamic norms as\u00a0teaching unconditional and unmitigated violence against non-Muslims is historically counterfactual.
\nSince the colonial period, however, and the post-colonial establishment of a variety of different Western-backed totalitarian\u00a0regimes in Muslims countries, Christians, Jews, and other religious and ethnic minorities have been viewed with suspicion. As a result, in the context of social unrest, they have been the target of persecution (along with even larger numbers of their Muslim neighbors).
\nDoes Islam specifically teach hatred toward the Jewish people?\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nThe slogan that \u201cJews and Arabs have been killing each other for millennia\u201d (including the causal attribution of this falsehood to\u00a0the alleged biblical rivalry between Ishmael and Isaac) is patently false. Indeed, when the Jews were expelled by the Spanish\u00a0Reconquista in 1492, many emigrated to the Ottoman Empire where they established vibrant communities.<\/p>\n
Contrary to what slogans might suggest, the current Palestinian-Israeli conflict is not thousands, but rather only about 100 years\u00a0old, and far more linked to colonialism, the rise of secular nationalism, and Euro-American anti-Semitism, than any supposed\u00a0longstanding enmity between Arabs and Jews as ethnic groups living in the Middle East.<\/p>\n
Unfortunately, this conflict has become\u00a0the source of a virulent new brand of anti-Semitism among many Arabs and Muslims worldwide (note the infamous Hamas Charter), as well as intensely anti-Arab\u00a0bigotry and Islamophobia among many Jews and Israelis in particular (note the rhetoric of Rabbi Dov Lior and Avigdor Lieberman and his Yisrael Beiteinu party).<\/p>\n
We hear a lot about jihad in mass media coverage of Islam. What exactly is jihad?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nThe Qur\u2019anic meaning of this term is the \u201cstruggle [to live righteously].\u201d The Qur\u2019an only permits violence insofar as it qualifies as\u00a0a necessary component of the struggle for righteousness and justice.<\/p>\n
In fact, I would maintain that this is the underlying logic for why this broad term for \u201cstruggle\u201d (which has at its core the struggle to\u00a0fast, pray, and give alms) becomes synonymous in Islamic jurisprudence with what the Christian tradition refers to as \u201cjust war\u201d\u00a0theory.
\nWhy do violent extremist groups like ISIS justify their actions as \u201cjihad\u201d? Does\u00a0the Qur\u2019an ever teach Muslims that they should engage in jihad as violence against non-believers?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nThe simple answer is \u201cyes.\u201d But the key question is: who were these \u201cnon-believers\u201d against whom the Qur\u2019an eventually exhorts\u00a0the earliest Muslim to take arms? \u00a0It is critical to note that the \u201cunbelievers\u201d or \u201cidolaters\u201d were BY NO MEANS simply those who\u00a0refused to accept the Prophet and his message.
\nRather, they represented the political and religious power establishment in pre-Islamic Meccan society. As such, they possessed\u00a0an active and ruthless agenda to crush, by any means necessary, the new movement (Islam), and thereby silence its call for\u00a0social justice and radical spiritual, moral, economic, and political reform in 7th-century Arabian society.<\/p>\n
How then do some use the Qur\u2019an\u2019s teaching to justify extreme violence, even terrorism?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nAll this does not mean that Qur\u2019anic language supporting and even advocating violence against unbelievers has not been, and is\u00a0not now, used by certain factions in their quest for power. They use it to justify and encourage the persecution\u2013and even the murder\u2013of fellow\u00a0Muslims (deemed heretics), as well as non-Muslims.<\/p>\n
Both al-Qaeda and ISIS, for example, have deemed Western Christendom (does such a thing even exist?) as a neo-Crusader\u00a0reality which, like the powerful persecutors of the earliest Muslim community, is bent on the utter domination of Muslim societies\u00a0and eradication of Islam. These groups have also identified Zionist Judaism as one of the primary instruments of this domination.
\nWhat about ISIS? Where does it fit in our understanding of contemporary Islam?\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nIdeologically, ISIS bases its extremely tenuous claims to political legitimacy in the utopian, utterly ahistorical ideal of establishing a\u00a0global Muslim caliphate which would constitute the only truly Islamic state in the world. Reflective of this aspiration, the motto of\u00a0ISIS is \u201cOne Banner, One Community\u201d and the self-proclaimed caliph (i.e., successor of the Prophet Muhammad as \u201cLeader of\u00a0the Faithful\u201d), Ibrahim al-Samara\u2019i, a.k.a. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, has called upon all Muslims worldwide to emigrate to his newly\u00a0established state.<\/p>\n
Do Muslims worldwide recognize the legitimacy of ISIS?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nWidely respected Sunni clerics like Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradawi (Qatar) and Grand Mufti Shawqi Allam of al-Azhar (Egypt) have\u00a0not only declared ISIS an illegitimate caliphate, but have deemed it a \u201cdanger to Islam.\u201d
\nHow can movements of extremism in Islam be understood in the context of the greater Muslim faith? Are they a mainline group,\u00a0a minority, or just a faction?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nThe good news is that the little reliable polling data at our disposal suggests that the extremists and their sympathizers make up\u00a0a very small percentage of the global Muslim population. For example, only 7% of Muslims worldwide believed that the attacks of\u00a09-11 were completely justified. This was in the early 2000s\u2013I suspect, based on the degree to which extremism has brought\u00a0untold suffering to Muslim majority societies, that the number would be lower were the polling done today.<\/p>\n
In your experience, how has Christian misunderstanding of Muslims been harmful to the church\u2019s mission in the world?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nThe Christian failure to respect Islam as a spiritual medium through which Muslims recognize and seek to live out their human\u00a0dignity in relationship with God, has amounted to, and will continue to amount to the Christian failure to recognize and affirm the\u00a0human dignity of their Muslim sisters and brothers. As such, it is a betrayal of the Gospel of Christ, and thus a cancer in the\u00a0missional life of the Church.<\/p>\n
Practically speaking, how can North American Christians seek to better understand Muslims both at home and abroad?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nGlad we\u2019re ending with the easiest question:\u00a0Get to know Muslims. Really. Get to know Muslims in whatever way possible.<\/p>\n
We would be very interested in hearing your thoughts on our interview. Please feel free to post comments below and to share this with others who may be interested! <\/em><\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Interview By: Chris Stackaruk These past few weeks all eyes have been on the Middle East. ISIS and Hamas have owned the summer headlines as gruesome photos spill out from daily recurrences of violence. Unfortunately, so many cameras pointed at so-relatively-few religiopolitical extremists can tend to skew our understanding of Islam as a whole. On […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1830,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,5,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-events","category-interview","category-missiology"],"yoast_head":"\n
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