{"id":1308,"date":"2013-07-25T09:41:00","date_gmt":"2013-07-25T09:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/07\/racial-violence-and-presidential-rhetoric.html"},"modified":"2013-07-25T09:41:00","modified_gmt":"2013-07-25T09:41:00","slug":"racial-violence-and-presidential-rhetoric","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/07\/racial-violence-and-presidential-rhetoric.html","title":{"rendered":"Racial Violence and Presidential Rhetoric"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2012\/11\/frequent-blogger-edward-blum.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Edward Blum<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">R3 Contributor<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\"><br><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">*This first appeared in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.christiancentury.org\/blogs\/archive\/2013-07\/racial-violence-and-presidential-rhetoric\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Christian Century\u2019s Then and Now<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"p1\" style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">When\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/the-press-office\/2013\/07\/19\/remarks-president-trayvon-martin\" style=\"color: #702233;line-height: inherit;text-decoration: none\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\" rel=\"nofollow\">Barack Obama addressed the \u201cTrayvon Martin ruling\u201d<\/a>\u00a0Friday, he did more than offer his \u201cthought and prayers\u201d to the family of Martin, applaud them for their \u201cincredible grace and dignity,\u201d and narrate a history of racial surveillance that often leaves African Americans frustrated and even afraid. The president did more than acknowledge that the democratic judicial system had done its work, urge demonstrations to be peaceful, and call for close evaluations of \u201cstand your ground\u201d laws.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"p1\" style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">Obama took a moment where the nation was viciously debating its most cherished values through the death of a child and cast a vision for a better future through other children. His daughters and their generation, Obama intoned, are \u201cbetter than we. They\u2019re better than we were on these issues.\u201d They would help create \u201cnot a perfect union, but a more perfect union.\u201d For a presidency defined by many firsts, this one seems to be yet another.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"p1\" style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">Approaching the topic personally, historically and legislatively, Obama\u2019s speech stands out in the history of presidential addresses on race and violence. Often, American presidents have accepted racial violence, remained silent on it or hidden behind passivity:<\/span><\/div>\n<ul style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;margin: 0.5em;padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em\">\n<ul style=\"line-height: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em\">\n<li class=\"li1\" style=\"line-height: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">When white Georgians desired the lands of Cherokee Indians in the 1820s and 1830s,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/lincoln.lib.niu.edu\/teachers\/lesson5-groupa.html\" style=\"color: #702233;line-height: inherit;text-decoration: none\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\">Andrew Jackson justified Cherokee removal<\/a>\u00a0by juxtaposing \u201csavage\u201d Indians with God-fearing white Americans. He asked rhetorically, \u201cAnd is it supposed that the wandering savage has a stronger attachment to his home than the settled, civilized Christian?\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><\/div>\n<ul style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;margin: 0.5em;padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em\">\n<ul style=\"line-height: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em\">\n<li class=\"li1\" style=\"line-height: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">Thirty years later, near the end of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln made it clear that slavery was a cause of the conflict. But in his\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/19th_century\/lincoln2.asp\" style=\"color: #702233;line-height: inherit;text-decoration: none\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\">now-famous second inaugural<\/a>, which Reinhold Niebuhr viewed as a model of political sermonizing, Lincoln cloaked responsibility behind the passive voice. Of the slaves, Lincoln intoned, \u201cAll knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.\u201d For those who believed slaveholders were evil, Lincoln followed with \u201clet us judge not, that we be not judged.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><\/div>\n<ul style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;margin: 0.5em;padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em\">\n<ul style=\"line-height: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em\">\n<li class=\"li1\" style=\"line-height: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">In response to the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=tYME6Z35nyAC&amp;lpg=PA807&amp;ots=EY9wyIou0R&amp;dq=hoover%2C%20scottsboro%20boys&amp;pg=PA807\" style=\"color: #702233;line-height: inherit;text-decoration: none\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\" rel=\"nofollow\">Scottsboro Boys case of 1931, Herbert Hoover\u2019s administration<\/a>\u00a0initiated an investigation. Even after it was evident that the Alabama judicial system had mistreated the accused teenage African Americans, Hoover refused to pardon them.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><\/div>\n<ul style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;margin: 0.5em;padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em\">\n<ul style=\"line-height: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em\">\n<li class=\"li1\" style=\"line-height: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">In 1963, after the bombing of Sixteen Street Church in Birmingham, Alabama, killed four young girls,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.presidency.ucsb.edu\/ws\/?pid=9410\" style=\"color: #702233;line-height: inherit;text-decoration: none\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\">John F. Kennedy expressed<\/a>\u00a0a \u201cdeep sense of outrage and grief.\u201d At no point, however, did he personalize his message by naming the girls or invoking his own family.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><\/div>\n<ul style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;margin: 0.5em;padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em\">\n<ul style=\"line-height: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em\">\n<li class=\"li1\" style=\"line-height: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">After New Yorker Bernhard Goetz used an unregistered firearm to shoot four African American teenagers in the 1980s (who were presumably trying to mug him),\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=aCH6zsDB5mkC&amp;lpg=PA211&amp;ots=-5phpp2K9J&amp;dq=bernhard%20goetz%2C%20ronald%20reagan&amp;pg=PA211\" style=\"color: #702233;line-height: inherit;text-decoration: none\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\" rel=\"nofollow\">Ronald Reagan portrayed Goetz as \u201cthe victim.\u201d<\/a>\u00a0Reagan\u2019s administration had eagerly sought to protect citizens like Goetz in their use of violent reprisals.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"p2\" style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"p1\" style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">The only speech in American history that approximates Obama\u2019s was\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/millercenter.org\/president\/speeches\/detail\/3386\" style=\"color: #702233;line-height: inherit;text-decoration: none\" target=\"_blank\" class=\" decorated-link\" rel=\"nofollow\">Lyndon Johnson\u2019s address on the Voting Rights Act<\/a>\u00a0on March 15, 1965. It took place one week after violence had erupted in Selma, Alabama, where civil rights mar<br>\nchers had been attacked by police and local whites. In it, Johnson declared, \u201cThere is no Negro problem. There is no southern problem. There is no northern problem. There is only an American problem.\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"p1\" style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">Johnson called for federal legislation to protect the voting rights of all Americans, and he quoted the great civil rights song \u201cWe Shall Overcome.\u201d He went even further, siding with those who had been oppressed. \u201cThe real hero of this struggle is the American Negro. His actions and protests, his courage to risk safety, and even to risk his life, have awakened the conscience of this nation.\u201d Ultimately, American greatness \u201cdepends upon the force of moral right\u2014not on recourse to violence, but on respect for law and order.\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"p1\" style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">Throughout Obama\u2019s presidency, he has often been compared to Abraham Lincoln. Both hail from Illinois, and Obama consciously deployed Lincolnian rhetoric in several of his early speeches. In response to the Zimmerman-Martin case, however, Obama took a page from Johnson\u2019s book\u2014calling upon Americans to side not with those who perpetuate violence but with those who have suffered from it.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"p1\" style=\"background-color: white;color: #111111;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">Follow Ed on Twitter <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/edwardjblum\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">@edwardjblum<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Edward BlumR3 Contributor*This first appeared in the Christian Century\u2019s Then and Now When\u00a0Barack Obama addressed the \u201cTrayvon Martin ruling\u201d\u00a0Friday, he did more than offer his \u201cthought and prayers\u201d to the family of Martin, applaud them for their \u201cincredible grace and dignity,\u201d and narrate a history of racial surveillance that often leaves African Americans frustrated [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2251,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Racial Violence and Presidential Rhetoric<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"by Edward BlumR3 Contributor*This first appeared in the Christian Century&#039;s Then and NowWhen&nbsp;Barack Obama addressed the \u201cTrayvon Martin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/07\/racial-violence-and-presidential-rhetoric.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Racial Violence and Presidential Rhetoric\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"by Edward BlumR3 Contributor*This first appeared in the Christian Century&#039;s Then and NowWhen&nbsp;Barack Obama addressed the \u201cTrayvon Martin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/07\/racial-violence-and-presidential-rhetoric.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rhetoric Race and Religion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-07-25T09:41:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Andre E. 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