{"id":1467,"date":"2013-04-18T15:13:00","date_gmt":"2013-04-18T15:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/admin.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html"},"modified":"2013-04-18T15:13:00","modified_gmt":"2013-04-18T15:13:00","slug":"blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html","title":{"rendered":"Blasphemy &amp; Heretical Discourse in Hip Hop Context: The Importance of Supporting Critical \u201cChristian Rappers\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/01\/welcome-our-newest-contributor-daniel.html\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Daniel White Hodge<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">R3 Contributor<\/span><br><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in;text-align: left;text-indent: 0.5in\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">Hip Hop is a voice. Anyone with half a Hip Hop brain both comprehends this and overstands this as a crucial part of what \u201cHip Hop is.\u201d One of the working definitions I have used in regards to Hip Hop is this one:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;margin-right: 0in;margin-top: 6.0pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: .5in\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\"><i style=\"text-align: left;text-indent: 0.5in\">Hip Hop is an urban sub-culture that seeks to express a <b><u>life-style<\/u><\/b>, <b><u>attitude<\/u><\/b>, and\/or<b><u> urban individuality<\/u><\/b>. Hip Hop at its core\u2014not the commercialization and commodity it has become in certain respects\u2014 <b><u>rejects<\/u><\/b> dominant forms of culture and society and seeks to increase a social consciousness along with a racial\/ethnic pride. Thus, Hip Hop uses <b>rap music, urban fashion, dance, music production, MCing, and allegory <\/b>as vehicles to send and fund its message of social, cultural, and political <b><u>resistance<\/u><\/b>to dominate structures of norms<\/i><i style=\"text-align: left;text-indent: 0.5in\"><span lang=\"EN-AU\">.<a href=\"\/Documents%20and%20Settings\/ajohnson\/My%20Documents\/Downloads\/The%20Hostile%20Gospel.docx#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\" title=\"\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><b><span lang=\"EN-AU\">[1]<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in;text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">Therefore, within this critical sphere of discourse, rappers will call out dominant structures of what they perceive to be oppressive. Often, these structures are political, social, and religious. Rappers call out the social ironies, double-speak, and double standards that are ripe within Black and urban communities. Thus, it stands to reason why rappers would take on issues within \u201cthe church\u201d and within Christian communities as there are social ironies, double-speak, and double standards within this area that need dealing with.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;text-indent: 0.5in\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">We have to remember, that Hip Hop\u2014at its core\u2014wrestles with tension, conflict, and community all in astriction while pushing towards a consciousness of the person in that community. As Christina Zanfagna\u2014an ethnomusicologist who studies rap and religious discourses\u2014 reminds us, \u201cHip-hop wrestles with the ways in which the hedonistic body and the seeking soul can be fed and elevated in dynamic tension.\u201d<a href=\"\/Documents%20and%20Settings\/ajohnson\/My%20Documents\/Downloads\/The%20Hostile%20Gospel.docx#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\" title=\"\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\">[2]<\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a>So rappers like Sho Baraka and Shai Linne are beginning to wrestle with these dynamic tensions and offer powerful critiques of Christian theology in their music. And as I have remained a strong critic of the rap genre \u201cChristian rap,\u201d I am finally delighted to see some artists stepping away from what I describe as \u201cmilk gospel messages\u201d into a more Hip Hop critique of prevailing forms of oppression with Black and urban theological discourses. It is about time.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in;text-align: left;text-indent: 0.5in\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">Hence, I am in full support of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=f6X_ZQht_oc\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Sho Baraka<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pl4WevY-GPU\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Shai Linne <\/a>as they begin this much needed critique of Christian theology and challenge the status quo. While I realize Linne\u2019s comments regarding \u201cfalse teachers\u201d are controversial and provocative, they are needed. In this time of a growing <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theroot.com\/views\/how-america-built-racial-wealth-gap?page=0,1\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">wealth gap in America<\/a>, young <a href=\"http:\/\/allotherpersons.wordpress.com\/2009\/11\/03\/factoid-black-male-incarceration-rate-is-6-times-greater-than-rate-for-white-males\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Black male incarceration<\/a>, and the rise of a \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/aris\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">post-church<\/a>\u201d generation, every one of our leaders need to be \u201con the hook\u201d as clearly, the traditional evangelistic methods of engagement are not working anymore with this generation. <a href=\"\/Documents%20and%20Settings\/ajohnson\/My%20Documents\/Downloads\/The%20Hostile%20Gospel.docx#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\" title=\"\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\">[3]<\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in;text-align: left;text-indent: 0.5in\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">What Linne and Baraka do is live up to the core of what Hip Hop is about. They are, finally, asking the tough questions of leaders, society, and discourse within the Christian community. They are doing what N.W.A, Tupac, Public Enemy, and Jasiri X\u2014among many others\u2014 have been doing for decades: critical engagement the societal context in which you reside in. And this engagement can leave no social stones unturned; this case being church and religion. Linne and Baraka are moving past this \u201cmilk\u201d Gospel and engross the Nitty Gritty Hermeneutic<a href=\"\/Documents%20and%20Settings\/ajohnson\/My%20Documents\/Downloads\/The%20Hostile%20Gospel.docx#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\" title=\"\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\">[4]<\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a>within religious and spiritual contexts. They are challenging their listeners to ask tougher questions. They are forcing the listener to broaden the definition of what we define \u201cChristian.\u201d They are, in fact, doing what conscious rappers have been doing for decades: critically challenging society and figures in society around them.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in;text-align: left;text-indent: 0.5in\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\"><a href=\"http:\/\/n.w.a.%E2%80%99s\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">N.W.A.\u2019s<\/a> professing to indeed \u201cfuck the police\u201d in the face of brutality and abuse from law enforcement. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=22l1sf5JZD0\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Lupe Fiasco\u2019s<\/a> strong critique of Barack Obama\u2019s presidency and social policy for Blacks. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mcalTCVyO7Q\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Tupac\u2019s <\/a>condemnation of Black churches that take too much money from the poor. And <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6lIqNjC1RKU\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Killer Mike\u2019s<\/a> potent critical expository of Ronald Reagan\u2014all ring true to Hip Hop\u2019s resistance narrative etched deeply within Hip Hops essential ethos. Rappers are narrativeologists who construct stories from within the contexts in which they live. Rappers such as Linne and Baraka are doing just that and are taking the genre of Christian Rap to new levels.<\/span>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both;text-align: center\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in;text-align: left;text-indent: 0.5in\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">Isn\u2019t there a line that should be drawn though? Linne\u2019s critique is claiming \u201cfalse teachers,\u201d isn\u2019t that heretical in and of itself? Linne isn\u2019t creating unity but division and hate. And Baraka\u2019s \u201cchoice of words\u201d destroy<br>\nany \u201cChristian witness.\u201d These are all fair questions and counter criticism. And, while I do not necessarily feel all of the names on Linne\u2019s list are \u201cfalse teachers,\u201d the critique is still needed. Moreover, who gets to define what a \u201cChristian\u201d is? Whose narrative do we use as a pious measuring stick to figure out who is \u201cChristian\u201d enough? What makes Baraka\u2019s strong language any different than Jesus calling out religious leaders of his day naming them \u201csnakes,\u201d \u201cvipers,\u201d and \u201cblood suckers?\u201d In that context, that choice of discourse was considered to be \u201cprofane\u201d and blasphemous to \u201ccall out\u201d such a high official; yet those officials were dirty and Jesus, in a true Hip Hop manner, called them out. So what is the line then? I feel strongly we need to continue to have that discussion and not allow traditionalization, religious piety, and rigid beliefs regarding Christianity to hold us all back from growth. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in;text-align: left;text-indent: 0.5in\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">We\u2014especially in the religion and Hip Hop studies community\u2014need to support artists such as Linne and Baraka as they blaze new trails and give a much needed social critique. Linne\u2019s critique and Baraka\u2019s choice of language are the beginning of, what I would like to believe, a new era on Christian rap. And, while I do not blindly accept everything an artist espouses, it still does not negate the support I give for what they, and artists like them, are attempting to do. This is critique is a rhetoric that is needed. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in;text-align: center;text-indent: 0.5in\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in;text-align: center;text-indent: 0.5in\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in;text-align: center;text-indent: 0.5in\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\">Bibliography<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.5in;text-align: left;text-indent: -0.5in\"><!--[if supportFields]&gt;<span><\/span><span>&nbsp;<\/span>ADDIN EN.REFLIST <span><\/span>&lt;![endif]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=6837901219583668417\" name=\"_ENREF_1\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Hodge, Daniel White. <i>The Soul of Hip Hop: Rimbs Timbs &amp; a Cultural Theology<\/i>.\u00a0 Downers Grove, Ill.: Inner Varsity Press, 2010.<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.5in;text-align: left;text-indent: -0.5in\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=6837901219583668417\" name=\"_ENREF_2\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Pinn, Anthony B. <i>Why Lord? Suffering and Evil in Black Theology <\/i>New York: Continuum, 1995.<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.5in;text-align: left;text-indent: -0.5in\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=6837901219583668417\" name=\"_ENREF_3\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Zanfagna, Christina. \u201cUnder the Blasphemous W(Rap): Locating the \u201cSpirit\u201d in Hip-Hop.\u201d <i>Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology <\/i>12 (2006): 1-12.<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in;text-align: left;text-indent: 0.5in\"><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" style=\"text-align: left\" width=\"33%\"><!--[endif]--> \n<div id=\"edn1\">\n<div class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\"><a href=\"\/Documents%20and%20Settings\/ajohnson\/My%20Documents\/Downloads\/The%20Hostile%20Gospel.docx#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\" title=\"\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\">[1]<\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a>Adapted from Phil Jackson &amp; Efrem Smith\u2019s work <i>Hip Hop &amp; The Church<\/i> (IVP 2005) and used in the forthcoming book project <i>See You at the Crossroads: Hip Hop Scholarship at the Intersections of Dialectical Harmony, Ethics, Aesthetics, and Panoply of Voices<\/i> (Sense Publishing 2014).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"edn2\">\n<div class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\"><a href=\"\/Documents%20and%20Settings\/ajohnson\/My%20Documents\/Downloads\/The%20Hostile%20Gospel.docx#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\" title=\"\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\">[2]<\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a><!--[if supportFields]&gt;<span><\/span><span>&nbsp;<\/span>ADDIN EN.CITE <cite>Zanfagna200616Christina Zanfagna, &quot;Under the Blasphemous W(RAP): Locating the &quot;Spirit&quot; in Hip-Hop,&quot; Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology 12(2006): 6.1117Christina Zanfagna<title>Under the Blasphemous W(RAP): Locating the &quot;Spirit&quot; in Hip-Hop<\/title>Pacific Review of EthnomusicologyPacific Review of Ethnomusicology1-12122006<\/cite><span><\/span>&lt;![endif]-->Christina Zanfagna, \u201cUnder the Blasphemous W(RAP): Locating the \u201cSpirit\u201d in Hip-Hop,\u201d <i>Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology<\/i> 12(2006): 6.<!--[if supportFields]&gt;<span><\/span>&lt;![endif]--><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"edn3\">\n<div class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\"><a href=\"\/Documents%20and%20Settings\/ajohnson\/My%20Documents\/Downloads\/The%20Hostile%20Gospel.docx#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\" title=\"\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\">[3]<\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a><!--[if supportFields]&gt;<span><\/span><span>&nbsp;<\/span>ADDIN EN.CITE <cite>Hodge20103Chapter 8Daniel White Hodge, The Soul Of Hip Hop: Rimbs Timbs &amp; A Cultural Theology<span>&nbsp; <\/span>(Downers Grove, Ill.: Inner Varsity Press, 2010). Chapter 8.336Daniel White Hodge<title>The Soul Of Hip Hop: Rimbs Timbs &amp; A Cultural Theology<\/title>2010Downers Grove, Ill.Inner Varsity PressISBN: 9780830837328<\/cite><span><\/span>&lt;![endif]-->Daniel White Hodge, <i>The Soul Of Hip Hop: Rimbs Timbs &amp; A Cultural Theology<\/i>\u00a0 (Downers Grove, Ill.: Inner Varsity Press, 2010). Chapter 8.<!--[if supportFields]&gt;<span><\/span>&lt;![endif]--><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"edn4\">\n<div class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif\"><a href=\"\/Documents%20and%20Settings\/ajohnson\/My%20Documents\/Downloads\/The%20Hostile%20Gospel.docx#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\" title=\"\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\">[4]<\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a>Take from <!--[if supportFields]&gt;--><span><\/span><s>\u00a0<\/s><\/span>ADDIN EN.CITE <cite>Pinn199561Anthony B Pinn, Why Lord? Suffering and Evil in Black Theology (New York: Continuum, 1995).61616Anthony B Pinn<title>Why Lord? Suffering and Evil in Black Theology <\/title>1995New YorkContinuum<\/cite><span><\/span>Anthony B Pinn, <i>Why Lord? Suffering and Evil in Black Theology <\/i>(New York: Continuum, 1995).<!--[if supportFields]&gt;<span><\/span>&lt;![endif]--><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Daniel White HodgeR3 Contributor Hip Hop is a voice. Anyone with half a Hip Hop brain both comprehends this and overstands this as a crucial part of what \u201cHip Hop is.\u201d One of the working definitions I have used in regards to Hip Hop is this one: Hip Hop is an urban sub-culture that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2251,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Blasphemy &amp; Heretical Discourse in Hip Hop Context: The Importance of Supporting Critical \u201cChristian Rappers\u201d<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"by Daniel White HodgeR3 ContributorHip Hop is a voice. Anyone with half a Hip Hop brain both comprehends this and overstands this as a crucial part of\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Blasphemy &amp; Heretical Discourse in Hip Hop Context: The Importance of Supporting Critical \u201cChristian Rappers\u201d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"by Daniel White HodgeR3 ContributorHip Hop is a voice. Anyone with half a Hip Hop brain both comprehends this and overstands this as a crucial part of\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rhetoric Race and Religion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-04-18T15:13:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Andre E. Johnson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Andre E. Johnson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html\",\"name\":\"Blasphemy &amp; Heretical Discourse in Hip Hop Context: The Importance of Supporting Critical \u201cChristian Rappers\u201d\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2013-04-18T15:13:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2013-04-18T15:13:00+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/#\/schema\/person\/892ad446aed3fd242a430151516a83fc\"},\"description\":\"by Daniel White HodgeR3 ContributorHip Hop is a voice. Anyone with half a Hip Hop brain both comprehends this and overstands this as a crucial part of\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Blasphemy &amp; Heretical Discourse in Hip Hop Context: The Importance of Supporting Critical \u201cChristian Rappers\u201d\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/\",\"name\":\"Rhetoric Race and Religion\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/#\/schema\/person\/892ad446aed3fd242a430151516a83fc\",\"name\":\"Andre E. Johnson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8740442d3e2978d7a9dd204585be3ed0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8740442d3e2978d7a9dd204585be3ed0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Andre E. Johnson\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/author\/ajohnson\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Blasphemy &amp; Heretical Discourse in Hip Hop Context: The Importance of Supporting Critical \u201cChristian Rappers\u201d","description":"by Daniel White HodgeR3 ContributorHip Hop is a voice. Anyone with half a Hip Hop brain both comprehends this and overstands this as a crucial part of","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Blasphemy &amp; Heretical Discourse in Hip Hop Context: The Importance of Supporting Critical \u201cChristian Rappers\u201d","og_description":"by Daniel White HodgeR3 ContributorHip Hop is a voice. Anyone with half a Hip Hop brain both comprehends this and overstands this as a crucial part of","og_url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html","og_site_name":"Rhetoric Race and Religion","article_published_time":"2013-04-18T15:13:00+00:00","author":"Andre E. Johnson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Andre E. Johnson","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html","name":"Blasphemy &amp; Heretical Discourse in Hip Hop Context: The Importance of Supporting Critical \u201cChristian Rappers\u201d","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/#website"},"datePublished":"2013-04-18T15:13:00+00:00","dateModified":"2013-04-18T15:13:00+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/#\/schema\/person\/892ad446aed3fd242a430151516a83fc"},"description":"by Daniel White HodgeR3 ContributorHip Hop is a voice. Anyone with half a Hip Hop brain both comprehends this and overstands this as a crucial part of","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/2013\/04\/blasphemy-heretical-discourse-in-hip-hop-context-the-importance-of-supporting-critical-christian-rappers.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Blasphemy &amp; Heretical Discourse in Hip Hop Context: The Importance of Supporting Critical \u201cChristian Rappers\u201d"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/","name":"Rhetoric Race and Religion","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/#\/schema\/person\/892ad446aed3fd242a430151516a83fc","name":"Andre E. Johnson","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8740442d3e2978d7a9dd204585be3ed0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8740442d3e2978d7a9dd204585be3ed0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Andre E. Johnson"},"url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/author\/ajohnson"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1467","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2251"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1467"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1467\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1467"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1467"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/rhetoricraceandreligion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}