{"id":64808,"date":"2023-10-31T17:08:22","date_gmt":"2023-10-31T21:08:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/?p=64808"},"modified":"2023-10-31T17:08:22","modified_gmt":"2023-10-31T21:08:22","slug":"morality-clauses-leo-durocher-and-the-rise-of-the-nones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2023\/10\/31\/morality-clauses-leo-durocher-and-the-rise-of-the-nones\/","title":{"rendered":"Morality clauses: Leo Durocher and the &#8216;Rise of the Nones&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p>At the end of Spring Training in 1947, just before the start of the new season, Major League Baseball Commissioner Happy Chandler suspended the Brooklyn Dodgers\u2019 manager, Leo Durocher, for a full year.<\/p>\n<p>Durocher, Chandler said, had violated baseball\u2019s morality clause. The specific violation that prompted this major suspension is a matter of dispute, despite the fact that this moment in history \u2014 the 1947 Brooklyn Dodgers season \u2014 is one of the most thoroughly researched and documented periods in all of professional sports.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_64835\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-64835\" style=\"width: 550px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-64835 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/52\/2023\/10\/SayHey.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"313\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-64835\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The arbiters of morality once declared that this photograph was \u201cimmoral.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>But the specific reason for Durocher\u2019s suspension also didn\u2019t matter much. Major League Baseball did, in fact, have something called a \u201cmorality clause.\u201d And whatever that might possibly mean or include, everybody understood that Leo Durocher was almost certainly in violation of some or all of it.<\/p>\n<p>Durocher was coarse and profane and had some unsavory friends. He was like a character from <em>Guys and Dolls<\/em>* \u2014 a twice-divorced drinker, and a pool shark who cheated at cards and dice. Durocher\u2019s affair with actress Laraine Day, who was married, was in the gossip pages in newspapers on both coasts, prompting a threatened boycott of the Dodgers from the Catholic Youth Organization** in Brooklyn. Durocher was also feuding with Larry MacPhail, owner of the Yankees, with the two men trading accusations of links to gambling.<\/p>\n<p>That last bit was the official explanation for Durocher\u2019s suspension. Chandler worked for MacPhail, not for Durocher, and so Durocher was punished for allegedly running a rigged craps game and for, Chandler said, an \u201caccumulation of unpleasant incidents.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But another thing that everybody understood was that Durocher\u2019s suspension probably wouldn\u2019t have happened if his boss, Dodgers owner Branch Rickey, hadn\u2019t been causing chaos in Major League Baseball by violating its longstanding tradition as a whites-only league.<\/p>\n<p>Rickey was a devout, church-going, Bible-quoting Methodist who was almost as infamously moralistic as Durocher was infamously immoral. But the \u201ccolor line\u201d \u2014 baseball\u2019s ban of Black players \u2014 was even more sacred to the league than its strict rules about associating with gamblers. Chandler and MacPhail and the rest of the owners were furious that Rickey had signed Jackie Robinson to play for the Dodgers minor league team. They\u2019d all seen Robinson play that spring and realized he\u2019d proved he belonged on Brooklyn\u2019s big-league roster. But the Dodgers were Rickey\u2019s team and there was nothing they could do to stop him from this unprecedented, unthinkable act.<\/p>\n<p>Well, <em>almost<\/em> nothing. If they couldn\u2019t touch Rickey himself, or Robinson, then they could at least get rid of the Dodgers manager whose support for Robinson seemed like an essential key to this whole endeavor.<\/p>\n<p>And so, just before the 1947 season began, Leo Durocher was suspended by Major League Baseball under its \u201cmorality clause.\u201d Everybody knew that Durocher had done something to violate that clause. But everybody also knew that the real reason for his suspension was itself deeply immoral.***<\/p>\n<p>So what does any of that have to do with the \u201cRise of the Nones\u201d \u2014 the mass-exodus of young people from organized religion and, especially, from Christian churches?<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019m pretty sure that most members of these younger generations \u2014 the Millennials and Generation Z-ers that churches are desperately panicking about being unable to reach \u2014 have never heard of Leo Durocher. Why would they have?<\/p>\n<p>I suppose I could try to explain him to them by saying he was like the Earl Weaver or Billy Martin of an earlier era, but I\u2019m not sure that\u2019d help much. Or I could point to the one thing about Durocher I\u2019m sure most of them do know \u2014 that he was the guy who said \u201cNice guys finish last.\u201d**** And they can probably guess from that \u2014 accurately \u2014 that Durocher himself was <em>not a nice guy<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>But at some point these younger generations will hear the story of Jackie Robinson and if that story is told at all accurately,***** they will understand that it is a story about justice vs. injustice, which is to say that it is a story with a right side and a wrong side, a Good side and a Bad side.<\/p>\n<p>And hearing that story, they will be surprised to learn that one of the very few white folks on the Good side of it was a foul-mouthed, foul-tempered, flamboyantly not nice man named Leo Durocher. Durocher\u2019s suspension under baseball\u2019s \u201cmorality clause\u201d invites \u2014 almost <em>demands<\/em> \u2014 that those hearing this story contemplate the warped and stunted understanding that passed for \u201cmorality\u201d in white America in 1947.<\/p>\n<p>That white \u201cmorality\u201d wasn\u2019t entirely wrong about everything, but it was utterly, massively wrong about the biggest thing. It scrupulously tithed its spices, but neglected the weightier matters of justice, mercy, and faithfulness.<\/p>\n<p>This was a version of \u201cmorality\u201d and religion and church that <em>took the wrong side<\/em>. It sided with injustice and immorality. And so its story cannot be told in any way that makes it seem like the side you want to be on.<\/p>\n<p>The heirs and descendants of this white morality \u2014 the younger people fueling this much-discussed \u201cRise of the Nones\u201d \u2014 have concluded that either this religion was something pernicious and evil that trained its followers in injustice and immorality or else, at best, that it was a flaccid and irrelevant thing that had no bearing on either justice or morality.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>* That\u2019s actually backwards. Damon Runyon, the popular short story writer whose characters were the basis of <em>Guys and Dolls,<\/em> started out as a journalist and sports writer. Runyon covered Durocher as a player, praising his fielding at shortstop with the great Yankees teams of the \u201920s and with the Cardinals after that. Like the rest of the press, Runyon also closely followed Durocher\u2019s off-field antics \u201cdressed to the nines, cavorting with actors and thinly-veiled gangsters in Prohibition Manhattan.\u201d So it\u2019s probably more accurate to say that Nathan Detroit is a Durocher-like character than the other way round.<\/p>\n<p>That quote is from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontporchrepublic.com\/2018\/10\/leo-durocher-the-all-american-contradiction\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Michael Stevens\u2019 entertaining review<\/a> of Paul Dickson\u2019s biography, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Leo-Durocher-Baseballs-Prodigal-Son\/dp\/1632863111\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><em>Leo Durocher: Baseball\u2019s Prodigal Son<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Stevens notes that Laraine Day was a devout Mormon who never drank or swore. So if you\u2019ve ever wondered how things ultimately worked out between Nathan and Adelaide in <em>Guys and Dolls,<\/em> and if \u201cMarry the man today and train him subsequently\u201d was a successful long-term plan for her and Sister Sarah, I\u2019ll note that Durocher and Day were happily married until they weren\u2019t. They divorced in 1960 after 13 years of marriage.<\/p>\n<p>** Shorter version of this entire post: The phrase \u201cCatholic Youth Organization\u201d hits differently in 2023 than it did in 1947.<\/p>\n<p>*** Here, again, some will protest that these were \u201cmen of their time.\u201d Yes, sure, it\u2019s true that everybody understood that Rickey\u2019s signing of Jackie Robinson was the real reason for the league\u2019s suspension of Durocher. But we mustn\u2019t project our contemporary moral ideas back onto the past. We mustn\u2019t say that these white folks back in 1947 \u201cknew\u201d that segregation was immoral.<\/p>\n<p>Just look at what they were saying. Their condemnations and criticisms of Rickey and Robinson were often expressed in moral language, suggesting that morality, as they understood it in that time and place, was the opposite of what so-called \u201cprogressives\u201d imagine morality to be today. Upholding the tradition of whites-only baseball was, in that time and place, seen by them as a moral obligation. And for every devout Methodist like Rickey or Robinson who saw social justice as an imperative of their faith, there were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Bible-Told-Them-Evangelicals-Supremacy\/dp\/0197571069\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">dozens more equally devout Methodists who firmly believed that the way things were was the way God wanted them to be<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>I don\u2019t really buy that protest. It requires us to pretend that Branch Rickey somehow was not also a \u201cman of his time.\u201d And also my Christian faith teaches that the knowledge of good and evil is something that humanity acquired well before 1947.<\/p>\n<p>But we don\u2019t need to rehash that argument here. Either way the point is the same. Whether the vast majority of white Christians in 1947 knew better or could not have known any better doesn\u2019t change the pertinent fact here: They were wrong. Very, very wrong.<\/p>\n<p>**** This wasn\u2019t exactly what Durocher said when he first said it. But it eventually became the popular version of the saying attributed to him, and he later adopted that form of the saying, repeating it himself. So he didn\u2019t say exactly that, but then later he did, because he believed it.<\/p>\n<p>***** I learned about Jackie Robinson in school, where we were taught that he was the first Black player in Major League Baseball. Our textbook implied that this happened because he was the first Black ballplayer who was ever good enough to play in the major leagues.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately my dad had grown up as a Brooklyn Dodgers fan and so I got a copy of Roger Kahn\u2019s <em>The Boys of Summer<\/em> as soon as I was old enough to read a book that size, and so I quickly learned that the textbook\u2019s version of Jackie Robinson\u2019s story was a big honking lie told by, you know, the Bad Guys in this story.<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Woe to you, hypocrites! For you pay tithe of mint and anise and cumin, and have neglected the weightier matters of the law: justice and mercy and faith.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":64835,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[92,158],"class_list":["post-64808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-church","tag-racism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Morality clauses: Leo Durocher and the &#039;Rise of the Nones&#039;<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"&quot;Woe to you, hypocrites! 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A former managing editor of Prism magazine, Fred worked in the parachurch nonprofit world for a decade and then for a decade in the newspaper biz. He began blogging in 2002. In 2003 he began writing a review of the best-selling Left Behind series. Eight years later he still hasn\u2019t finished reviewing the second book of that series and the experience has left him a broken shell of a man. Fred knows the difference between the possessive \u201cits\u201d and the contraction \u201cit\u2019s,\u201d and he is acutely bothered when others mistakenly confuse the two, yet he himself just kind of instinctively types the apostrophe whether or not it belongs there. Some feel this is his greatest hypocrisy, but those who know him better know better. He\u2019s guilty of much greater hypocrisies. Jesus loves Fred far more than Fred loves Jesus, but he at least has the decency to recognize the unfairness of that lopsided relationship and he has long wished that he were better at maybe kind of sort of doing something more to correct that some day. A Baptist, an amateur, a Gen-Xer, a Gemini and a Mets fan, Fred lives in Southeastern Pennsylvania with his wife and two teenage daughters. You can reach him via email at slacktivist at hotmail dot com.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/author\/fredclark1\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Morality clauses: Leo Durocher and the 'Rise of the Nones'","description":"\"Woe to you, hypocrites! 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A former managing editor of Prism magazine, Fred worked in the parachurch nonprofit world for a decade and then for a decade in the newspaper biz. He began blogging in 2002. In 2003 he began writing a review of the best-selling Left Behind series. Eight years later he still hasn\u2019t finished reviewing the second book of that series and the experience has left him a broken shell of a man. Fred knows the difference between the possessive \u201cits\u201d and the contraction \u201cit\u2019s,\u201d and he is acutely bothered when others mistakenly confuse the two, yet he himself just kind of instinctively types the apostrophe whether or not it belongs there. Some feel this is his greatest hypocrisy, but those who know him better know better. He\u2019s guilty of much greater hypocrisies. Jesus loves Fred far more than Fred loves Jesus, but he at least has the decency to recognize the unfairness of that lopsided relationship and he has long wished that he were better at maybe kind of sort of doing something more to correct that some day. A Baptist, an amateur, a Gen-Xer, a Gemini and a Mets fan, Fred lives in Southeastern Pennsylvania with his wife and two teenage daughters. You can reach him via email at slacktivist at hotmail dot com.","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/author\/fredclark1\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64808"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64808\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64835"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}