{"id":69169,"date":"2024-12-16T16:26:08","date_gmt":"2024-12-16T21:26:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/?p=69169"},"modified":"2024-12-16T16:26:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T21:26:08","slug":"survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/","title":{"rendered":"Survey finds people saying they&#8217;re not &#8216;political&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><\/head><body><p>We could settle a lot of philosophical and theological arguments by simply commissioning more comprehensive polls. Are human beings basically good or are they depraved Augustinian wretches? Just <em>ask<\/em> them. Get a big enough representative sample with state-of-the-art methodology and we can put this question to rest with concrete, statistical certainty: \u201cPeople are basically good\u201d (Strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree).<\/p>\n<p>When people don\u2019t realize that I\u2019m joking about that idea, they\u2019ll push back, noting that most people are not reflective and self-aware enough to respond to such a question meaningfully. So, OK, I say, just adjust our survey to account for this \u2014 screening out all responses from those who do not agree or strongly agree with the statement \u201cI am reflective and self-aware.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That all may seem a bit silly, but this kind of thing really happens all the time. And sometimes Very Serious People take the results of such surveys Very Seriously.<\/p>\n<p>Consider, for example, the spin around the ill-conceived Hartford Institute for Religious Research survey reported on here: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/religionnews.com\/2024\/12\/09\/most-congregations-avoid-discussing-politics-new-study-shows\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Most congregations avoid discussing politics, new study shows<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019d have gone with a different headline: \u201cCongregational leaders, Hartford researchers, unable to define \u2018politics.'\u201d Because what we have here is a stunted, misleading, misconception of what does and does not constitute \u201cpolitics\u201d \u2014 one that leaves out any consideration of 90% of the political formation and political discipling that occurs in congregations.<\/p>\n<p>The basic framework here is that default political choices are \u201ca-political\u201d \u2014 neither political nor choices \u2014 but that anything other than those presumed defaults is both \u201cpolitical\u201d and \u201cchosen.\u201d Some extremely \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Call_for_Unity\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">A Call for Unity<\/a>\u201d vibes in this notion of \u201cavoiding politics.\u201d So, for instance, if the painting on the left were hung in a Sunday school classroom, that\u2019d be neutral and non-political, whereas the image on the right would be perceived as \u201cpolitics.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_69175\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-69175\" style=\"width: 550px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-69175 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/52\/2024\/12\/Apolitical.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"297\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-69175\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Warner Sallman\u2019s \u201cHead of Christ\u201d (1940) and \u201cSalvator Mundi\u201d (Savior of the World), by the Henry Sharp Studio, 1868.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Basically, this survey \u2014 and the researchers attempting to interpret its results \u2014 don\u2019t understand how the political views of a local congregation are expressed, maintained, instilled, and reinforced. They seem to recognize only explicit, propositional statements of partisan preference as \u201cpolitical\u201d \u2014 a kind of \u201cplenary verbal\u201d politics, I guess. And thus they miss <em>most<\/em> of a congregation\u2019s political instruction, which occurs through that which is presumed and that which, literally, goes without saying.<\/p>\n<p>They also seem to view the composition of contemporary, self-selected, consumer-choice congregations as politically neutral or politically irrelevant. As though members attend these churches like 19th-century English villagers gathering at their local parish.<\/p>\n<p>This is America. We have cars, not parishes. We shop around and go where we choose. And that choice is always, inevitably, <em>political<\/em>. Someone who drives past the local non-denominational mini-mega to get to the UCC church across town will most likely explain that decision in explicitly spiritual or doctrinal terms, and so will someone who drives past that UCC church to get to the non-denominational mini-mega evangelical one.*<\/p>\n<p>Trusting those spiritual explanations at face value as the sole factor shaping those choices is about as foolishly naive as \u2026 well, as treating the responses to Hartford\u2019s survey that way. (Or as naive as thinking that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailysignal.com\/2024\/12\/15\/evangelical-christians-carried-trump-to-victory-what-nonbelievers-assume-about-them-is-often-wrong\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">this even sillier survey<\/a> must be legit because survey responses matter more than actual, lockstep allegiances and decades of unwavering behavior.)<\/p>\n<p>But even on its own terms \u2014 even if what is treated as \u201cpolitics\u201d is limited to explicitly partisan election-focused verbal statements \u2014 this survey does not seem to find what it thinks it found.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s a chunk of that RNS report on how this survey found congregations \u201cavoiding politics\u201d:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Even if members are politically active and many leaders are often outspoken about issues and candidates they support, most congregations make great efforts to keep politics out of the church. \u2026<\/p>\n<p>According to the report, 23% of congregation leaders identified their congregation as politically active, but only 40% engaged in what the report calls \u201covertly political activities\u201d over 12 months, mostly infrequently.<\/p>\n<p>The report measured congregations\u2019 level of political engagement by looking at seven categories of political activities, including distributing voter guides, organizing protests in support or opposition of a policy, and inviting a candidate to address the congregation. A minority of congregations engage in any of the above; 22% handed out voter guides; 7% asked a candidate to speak to the congregations; and 10% lobbied for elected officials.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>If these folks are making \u201cgreat efforts to keep politics out of the church,\u201d they\u2019re doing a lousy job of it.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the biggest problem here is that Hartford\u2019s study was administered as a survey, but it was <em>received<\/em> as a test \u2014 a test with obviously right and wrong answers. The congregational leaders \u201csurveyed\u201d were keen on passing that test and supplying the respectably \u201ccorrect\u201d answers.<\/p>\n<p>So this is all about as meaningful as a survey declaring its findings with a headline proclaiming \u201cMajority of Americans Transcend Partisan Ideology\u201d because they agreed or strongly agreed with statements\u00a0 like \u201cI am an independent thinker\u201d and \u201cI like to consider all the options and choose for myself\u201d and \u201cUnlike my hidebound, sheeplike neighbors, I personally transcend blinkered petty partisanship, soaring far, far above it in an ethereal realm of individual virtue.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Surveys are less reliable when their questions have potential answers that are widely perceived as \u201cmore respectable\u201d than others. Surveys are less reliable when their questions have potential answers that all respondents to flatter themselves. And surveys are especially useless when respondents have the option of answering in a way that is <em>both<\/em> \u201crespectable\u201d and self-flattering. That\u2019s what we have here and \u2014 surprise, surprise! \u2014 most respondents gave the answers they perceived as respectable and self-flattering.**<\/p>\n<p>The organizers of this survey seem pleased with the results \u2014 with the respectable confirmation that most respondents gave what they perceive to be the respectable answer. That strongly suggests that they were unaware of the ways in which it may have been conducted to encourage such correct and properly \u201crespectable\u201d answers.<\/p>\n<p>All of this is quite separate from anything to do with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/09\/02\/new-evangelical-historiography-just-dropped\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\">Matthew Avery Sutton\u2019s recent unsettling of white evangelical historiography<\/a>. Sutton offered a plain-language description of 20th-century white evangelicalism that caused a bit of a stir \u2014 for some folks, anyway. He wrote:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>I argue that\u00a0post\u2013World War II evangelicalism\u00a0is best defined as a white, patriarchal, nationalist religious movement made up of Christians who seek power to transform American culture through conservative-leaning politics and free-market economics. Contemporary evangelicalism is the direct descendent of early twentieth-century fundamentalism, North and South. Both movements are distinct from Antebellum forms of Christianity. There is no multi-century evangelical throughline.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>That description continues to enrage those invested in the idea that the 81% of MAGA-fied evangelicals are an aberration and an uncharacteristic minority besmirching the good name of the rest of us, the worthy heirs of William Wilberforce. (Or something.) Challenging the respectable nonpartisanship of white evangelicalism in the same paragraph in which he challenged evangelical primitivism upset some folks.<\/p>\n<p>John Fea is among the angrier critics of Sutton and he latched onto Hartford\u2019s survey \u2014 which did not focus specifically on evangelical congregations \u2014 as some kind of rebuttal of Sutton\u2019s description, sarcastically asking: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/currentpub.com\/2024\/12\/11\/where-are-all-these-nationalist-evangelicals-who-seek-to-transform-american-culture-through-conservative-leaning-politics-and-free-market-economics\/\" class=\" decorated-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Where are all these nationalist evangelicals who \u2018seek to transform American culture through conservative-leaning politics and free market economics?\u2019<\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Where are they? They\u2019re <em>right there,<\/em> trying their best to give the correct answers and to pass the test, just like the rest of the congregational leaders who responded. They\u2019re a-political and non-partisan. Just ask \u2019em, they\u2019ll tell you.<\/p>\n<p>The point here is not that Sutton is right and Fea is wrong (although, yeah, Sutton <em>is<\/em> right and Fea is wrongity wrong wrong wrong here), but that surveys like this one are useless as tools for evaluating any of this one way or another.<\/p>\n<p>If Sutton\u2019s critics really think otherwise, then their next step is simple: Create a more precisely targeted survey to disprove Sutton\u2019s description. Send every evangelical pastor a one-question survey asking them to evaluate his argument above on a Likert scale.<\/p>\n<p>Can you guess how they\u2019ll respond? I can. It\u2019s not hard.<\/p>\n<p>And so,\u00a0when the results come back finding that the overwhelming majority of evangelical pastors \u201cdisagree\u201d or \u201cstrongly disagree\u201d with Sutton\u2019s description, his critics can do a victory lap, high-fiving one another, because they will have \u201cproved,\u201d once and for all, that evangelicalism is not a white, patriarchal, nationalist religious movement made up of Christians who seek power to transform American culture through conservative-leaning politics and free-market economics.<\/p>\n<p>I mean, what more \u201cproof\u201d could anyone need?<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>* Almost nobody chooses between a PCUSA and a PCA church based on which one is <em>closer<\/em>. The choice is usually based on the doctrinal differences between those two Presbyterian denominations. Those doctrinal distinctions parallel <em>political<\/em> distinctions. For example:\u00a0PCUSA churches ordain women; PCA churches do not. Women preach in PCUSA churches and are forbidden from preaching in PCA churches.<\/p>\n<p>But none of that, according to Hartford\u2019s survey, has anything to do with \u201cpolitics.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>** They are, alas, mistaken. As ever, flattery misleads about what it actually flattering and self-praise diminishes that which is praiseworthy. The airy, above-it-all, \u201ca-political,\u201d \u201cnon-partisan\u201d or \u201ctrans-partisan\u201d attitude encouraged by smarmy respectability is all just a fancy costume for irresponsibility and a refusal to commit to the necessary work of choosing and of owning the repercussions of the choices we must make. It\u2019s not any more impressive or admirable than any other form of lukewarm, Laodicean cowardice. But it always gets a round of applause from the smarmily respectable op-ed columnists who have convinced themselves that their own political preferences will be more persuasive if they don a mask of disinterested \u201cnonpartisanship.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Show me your faith without deeds and I will show you your faith by your deeds.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":69175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-evangelicals"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Survey finds people saying they&#039;re not &#039;political&#039;<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"&quot;Show me your faith without deeds and I will show you your faith by your deeds.&quot;\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Survey finds people saying they&#039;re not &#039;political&#039;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&quot;Show me your faith without deeds and I will show you your faith by your deeds.&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"slacktivist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-16T21:26:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/52\/2024\/12\/Apolitical.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"550\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"297\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fred Clark\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fred Clark\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/\",\"name\":\"Survey finds people saying they're not 'political'\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-16T21:26:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-16T21:26:08+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/#\/schema\/person\/32666545e535b697afb93d9848dcfc47\"},\"description\":\"\\\"Show me your faith without deeds and I will show you your faith by your deeds.\\\"\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Survey finds people saying they&#8217;re not &#8216;political&#8217;\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/\",\"name\":\"slacktivist\",\"description\":\"&quot;Test everything; hold fast to what is good.&quot;\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/#\/schema\/person\/32666545e535b697afb93d9848dcfc47\",\"name\":\"Fred Clark\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7083ccd514d4fb8d5043041756d766a0?s=96&d=identicon&r=pg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7083ccd514d4fb8d5043041756d766a0?s=96&d=identicon&r=pg\",\"caption\":\"Fred Clark\"},\"description\":\"Fred Clark is a graduate of Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary (now called Palmer Seminary), of Eastern College (now called Eastern University) and of the fundamentalist Timothy Christian High School (still fundamentalist and still called Timothy Christian High School, but not really thrilled to have a snarky, liberal, tree-hugging, pro-choice, pro-GLBT, peacenik, commie, evolutionist as such a vocal alumnus). A former managing editor of Prism magazine, Fred worked in the parachurch nonprofit world for a decade and then for a decade in the newspaper biz. He began blogging in 2002. In 2003 he began writing a review of the best-selling Left Behind series. Eight years later he still hasn\u2019t finished reviewing the second book of that series and the experience has left him a broken shell of a man. Fred knows the difference between the possessive \u201cits\u201d and the contraction \u201cit\u2019s,\u201d and he is acutely bothered when others mistakenly confuse the two, yet he himself just kind of instinctively types the apostrophe whether or not it belongs there. Some feel this is his greatest hypocrisy, but those who know him better know better. He\u2019s guilty of much greater hypocrisies. Jesus loves Fred far more than Fred loves Jesus, but he at least has the decency to recognize the unfairness of that lopsided relationship and he has long wished that he were better at maybe kind of sort of doing something more to correct that some day. A Baptist, an amateur, a Gen-Xer, a Gemini and a Mets fan, Fred lives in Southeastern Pennsylvania with his wife and two teenage daughters. You can reach him via email at slacktivist at hotmail dot com.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/author\/fredclark1\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Survey finds people saying they're not 'political'","description":"\"Show me your faith without deeds and I will show you your faith by your deeds.\"","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Survey finds people saying they're not 'political'","og_description":"\"Show me your faith without deeds and I will show you your faith by your deeds.\"","og_url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/","og_site_name":"slacktivist","article_published_time":"2024-12-16T21:26:08+00:00","og_image":[{"width":550,"height":297,"url":"https:\/\/wp-media.patheos.com\/blogs\/sites\/52\/2024\/12\/Apolitical.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Fred Clark","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Fred Clark","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/","name":"Survey finds people saying they're not 'political'","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-12-16T21:26:08+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-16T21:26:08+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/#\/schema\/person\/32666545e535b697afb93d9848dcfc47"},"description":"\"Show me your faith without deeds and I will show you your faith by your deeds.\"","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/2024\/12\/16\/survey-finds-people-saying-theyre-not-political\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Survey finds people saying they&#8217;re not &#8216;political&#8217;"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/","name":"slacktivist","description":"&quot;Test everything; hold fast to what is good.&quot;","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/#\/schema\/person\/32666545e535b697afb93d9848dcfc47","name":"Fred Clark","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7083ccd514d4fb8d5043041756d766a0?s=96&d=identicon&r=pg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7083ccd514d4fb8d5043041756d766a0?s=96&d=identicon&r=pg","caption":"Fred Clark"},"description":"Fred Clark is a graduate of Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary (now called Palmer Seminary), of Eastern College (now called Eastern University) and of the fundamentalist Timothy Christian High School (still fundamentalist and still called Timothy Christian High School, but not really thrilled to have a snarky, liberal, tree-hugging, pro-choice, pro-GLBT, peacenik, commie, evolutionist as such a vocal alumnus). A former managing editor of Prism magazine, Fred worked in the parachurch nonprofit world for a decade and then for a decade in the newspaper biz. He began blogging in 2002. In 2003 he began writing a review of the best-selling Left Behind series. Eight years later he still hasn\u2019t finished reviewing the second book of that series and the experience has left him a broken shell of a man. Fred knows the difference between the possessive \u201cits\u201d and the contraction \u201cit\u2019s,\u201d and he is acutely bothered when others mistakenly confuse the two, yet he himself just kind of instinctively types the apostrophe whether or not it belongs there. Some feel this is his greatest hypocrisy, but those who know him better know better. He\u2019s guilty of much greater hypocrisies. Jesus loves Fred far more than Fred loves Jesus, but he at least has the decency to recognize the unfairness of that lopsided relationship and he has long wished that he were better at maybe kind of sort of doing something more to correct that some day. A Baptist, an amateur, a Gen-Xer, a Gemini and a Mets fan, Fred lives in Southeastern Pennsylvania with his wife and two teenage daughters. You can reach him via email at slacktivist at hotmail dot com.","url":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/author\/fredclark1\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69169"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69169\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/slacktivist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}