If this sin cannot be forgiven either in this age or in the age to come, some sins might be able to be forgiven in the age to come. Without using the word "purgatory," Jesus is presenting teachings that seemed in harmony with the Catholic teaching on purgatory and were a bit difficult to interpret from an Evangelical perspective. While I was far from ready to accept that Jesus was referring to purgatory, I was finding myself hard-pressed to come to any other conclusion. This "forgiveness of sins" and "the age to come," the reference to a prison in which we would not be released until we had "paid the last cent" -- this is certainly not heaven or hell. We never get out of hell, and heaven is no prison.
I came across a passage in the New Testament that I found very surprising. While addressing the very issue of sin within the Christian community -- those who were believers and had accepted the Lordship of Jesus Christ into their lives -- St. Paul writes:
For no other foundation can any one lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. Now if any one builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble -- each man's work will become manifest; for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed with fire, and the fire will test what sort of work each one has done. If the work which any man has built on the foundation survives, he will receive a reward. If any man's work is burned up, he will suffer loss, though he himself will be saved, but only as through fire (1 Cor. 3:11-15).
The passage is quite clear: Gold and silver, when placed into a furnace, would be purified; wood and hay would be burned away. As this is done, Scripture says we will suffer loss, but be saved "as through fire." The image of purgatory was becoming more vivid as I read. What else could St. Paul be referring to? He can't be referring to hell, because it's clear that the people who undergo this "purifying fire" will be saved, while those who are in hell are lost forever. And yet he can't be referring to heaven, because he mentions the suffering of loss, while in heaven every tear will be wiped away (cf. Rev. 21:4).
Scripture teaches that God is a "consuming fire" (Heb. 12:29). The point St. Paul seems to make is that, as God draws us to Himself after death, there is a process of purification in the fire of God's holy presence. God Himself purifies us of those imperfect deeds: the wood, hay, and stubble. And those works that are performed in faithfulness and obedience to Christ by the power of the Holy Spirit, those of gold and silver, are purified. This purification is necessary because, as Scripture teaches of heaven -- the new Jerusalem -- and the temple within it, "Nothing unclean shall enter it" (Rev. 21:27). The biblical images of the purifying fire, through which the believer is saved while suffering loss, were now beginning to sound more and more like purgatory.
But where is the word "purgatory"? I began to see that this question revealed an ignorance on my part. The Scriptures were written in Hebrew and Greek. "Purgatory" comes from the Latin word purgatorium. In Scripture, we do find references to an afterlife that is neither the hell of the damned nor heaven. In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word sheol is used to describe this condition; in the New Testament, the Greek term is hades. I had always thought that hades was hell, but Scripture teaches very clearly that hades is not hell; it is distinct from gehenna, or the lake of fire which is the hell of the damned. In fact, the Book of Revelation describes how, at the end of time, death and hades are thrown into hell (gehenna). This is the second death, the lake of fire. Scripture teaches that at the end of time, there is no more death; and once the purification of all souls has taken place, there is no more need for hades. This same concept of sheol (in Hebrew), hades (in Greek), and purgatorium (in Latin) is purgatory as we have come to know it today (cf. Catechism, nos. 1030-32).
The major objection to purgatory is that somehow it undermines the finished work of Christ. Is Christ's death sufficient? Of course it is! It is sufficient to win our redemption and to allow the Holy Spirit to sanctify us. The work of the Holy Spirit in the life of the believer, however, is the work of purification and sanctification. It is the application of the divine life won by Christ. Purgatory in no way should be viewed as a "second chance," by which those who did not believe in and follow Christ can somehow "suffer their way into heaven," despite their rejection of the Christian life. Jesus is clear that those who refuse to follow Him are guilty: "[H]e who does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only Son of God" (Jn. 3:18). Spiritual purification is possible only for those who have been reconciled to God in this life (cf. 2 Cor. 5:18-20).
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