Fleming Rutledge, in her book The Crucifixion, makes one of the most robust and concerted defenses/explanations of substitutionary atonement in recent years (even “penal” substitution in a sense, though heavily qualified). All the more interesting because she is a mainline Episcopalian and outside the usual evangelical networks who like to espouse such things. She begins by noting: “It is not an exaggeration to say that in some circles there has been something resembling a campaign of intimidation, so that those who cherish the... Read more