Irene Gedalof argues inĀ Against Purity that feminists have been too much in the grip of a binary logic that actually undermines feminism. What she has in mind is the notion that women can be defined in terms of a pure category of āWomanā or āFeminine.ā On the contrary, womenās identities are complex and āimpure,ā irreducible to the single feature of sex or gender.
As Gedalof says, āFeminism needs to move beyondĀ analytical approaches to social identity that view āwomenā only as aĀ category of gender or sexual difference. If āwomenā is a category, it is aĀ complex one, that refers to questions of specific community identitiesĀ like race, nation, ethnicity and class, as well as to gender or sexual difference. This is both because womenās identities are constituted as Ā much by race, nation and other categories of identity as they are by sexĀ or gender, and because, both symbolically and strategically, the āactiveĀ managementā of Woman/women seems, in turn, to play a key role in determining the ātruthsā around which these identities are constructed.Ā Here, the impurity we need to draw on is the way āWomanā andĀ āwomenā seem to bleed across the boundaries of these apparently coherent categories of gender, race and nation. The purity we need toĀ contest is the attempt to fix āWomanā and āwomenā as the unchangingĀ ground upon which these apparently discrete categories stand. Additionally we need to underpin this kind of analysis of socialĀ identities with alternative theoretical models of the self that take theseĀ complex, impure spaces as a valid and valorised position from which toĀ derive a sense of self, and from which to act and to speakā (195).
On the one hand, thereās something a little pathetic about the constant fear of conceptual domination. How does one get anything done when they are constantly combatting the interpellating oppressions of other people. It seems that one needs some sort of transcendent identity-determination just to keep calm.
On the other hand, surprising as it may seem, āimpurityā may actually be a useful category for moving feminism an inch or two closer to reality.