Christian America?

Is America a “Christian nation”? A perennial puzzle, and finally impossible to answer without many “in what respects?” qualifiers.

One distinction might help: Presuppose a nation full of Christians, as America was for much of its history. That nation might take various forms, and the distinction I want to introduce is that between a biblical nation and a Christian nation.

A nation where the rite of royal anointing includes explicit references to the king’s iconic relation to the Anointed Jesus is (in that respect) Christian. A nation where the rite of inauguration includes an oath with a hand on a Bible, but includes no reference to Jesus or the Trinity or even God, may be a biblical nation but isn’t (in respect to this rite) a Christian policy.

Another example: Many American Puritan writers, and many American writers long after, considered America “God’s New Israel” (for a great selection from John Winthrop to Ralph Reed, see Conrad Cherry’s God’s New Israel: Religious Interpretations of American Destiny ). That is definitely a biblical trope. But it hardly qualifies as a Christian one, for it is self-evident in the New Testament that the church alone is God’s new Israel. Insofar as the American experience is read through the lends of America-as-Israel, America is a biblical but not a Christian nation.