Justyn Terry argues that Kant’s critique of substitutionary atonement is misleading because he assumes that there are three parties to the transaction involved in the atonement – God, sinful humans, and an innocent victim. There are only two, since the innocent victim is God human flesh. The transaction looks different as a bi- rather than tri-partite: “When one person forgives another, he or she decides no longer to hold the injury they have suffered against their offender. They sur- render... Read more