Did Jesus Exist On YouTube

Did Jesus Exist On YouTube October 28, 2008

OK, I admit it, a better title would be ‘”Did Jesus Exist?” on YouTube’. Be that as it may, I decided to upload a video addressing some of the points that I’ve been trying to make in recent discussions on this blog and elsewhere about the historical evidence for the existence of Jesus. Here’s the video:

Two points are perhaps worth emphasizing in writing here as well. First, claiming that Jesus existed does not mean, from a historian’s perspective, claiming that Jesus who existed was precisely as described in the New Testament. The specific evidence relating to specific details has to be treated on a case by case scenario.

Second, I am getting the impression that there are interesting parallels between the “Jesus was a myth” approach and Young Earth Creationism. Both turn to pseudoscholars as sources for their claims while ignoring the mainstream of scholarship. Both seem to reflect the views of people who are less than fully familiar with the relevant evidence. And both seem to think that showing that something could theoretically have been the case is enough, without showing why their proposed scenario does better justice to the evidence than competing explanations.

I look forward to your comments and feedback!

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  • I may have a problem. The first thing I noticed in the still frame of this video was not the person sitting at the desk, but the 3 WBC commentaries behind him.Addiction or not, I’m just plain nerdy.

  • Hi James,Excellent video. I think you should definitely keep posting these videos and continue adding your voice to the discussion. You are certainly very knowledgable and I would like to continue discussing this issue so that I can learn more (As I’ve said before, I am currently agnostic about Jesus’ existence).I agree with you that just because something is possible does not mean it is true. For the Christ-myth theory to be successful it must show that it is a superior explanation to historicism.You said that the first Christians did not believe in the divinity of Jesus. I am aware of a sect called the Ebionites which existed in the first century, but other than that I need to be educated about on this issue (Got any book or website suggestions for that?).I just want to give a brief response to some of what you said:”The jews would not have believed in a messiah crucified at foreign hands.”Not all of them would, or did, or do. We’re talking about a fringe cult that had some jews and some gentiles through most of the first century. My tentative view is that a lot of Jesus’ life is based on personal revelation of the followers and on “secret messages” found in the OT scriptures which the early Christians believed revealed the life of the Christ. Note that this is exactly where Paul says he got his gospel from in Romans 1:2!!Secondly, the crucifixion of Jesus at the hands of the Romans is NOT something one would make up (obviously). Unless Christianity was just like one of the other mystery cults at the time – Which made up allegorical stories to represent a deeper message. Here’s a quote from Sallustius:”[T]o wish to teach the whole truth about the Gods to all produces contempt in the foolish, because they cannot understand, and lack of zeal in the good, whereas to conceal the truth by myths prevents the contempt of the foolish, and compels the good to practice philosophy.”The question I have is essentially: What would prevent a small group of Jews from taking a radical and mystery-cult inspired view of the scriptures?

  • Hi James, I’m glad you’re pursuing this in more depth. I’m currently in debate with Stephen Law on this point (he’s quite a prominent atheist in the UK, not at Dawkins levels, but well known amongst people who follow this sort of discussion). His writings on the topic, with various arguments from me, can be found here. (My own argument against his perspective can be found here, but there’s nothing there you won’t already have thought about.) I’ve sent him a link to this page!

  • Your argument is that the early Christians would not make up a crucifixion story as the Messiah was not someone they would expect to be crucified. The expectation was the Messiah would defeat the Romans, not be executed by them. This seems to me an amazingly weak piece of evidence.You are second guessing people’s motives for why they would invent a story in which the expected Messiah dies.First, there may be reasons why they would want their Messiah to die and come back to life. In fact, aren’t there some very, very obvious reasons why they would want that? You want to invent a Messiah. But unfortunately no one has defeated the Romans or introduced the Kingdom of God just yet – which is what the Messiah is supposed to do. Hmm. What sort of story might you construct?Second, even supposing the tellers did have reason not to include this element, and also no good reason to include it, so what?Your argument rests on something like this principle:If a story, presented as true, reporting many bizarre/miraculous events, contains an element that we think the tellers would have a motive not to include, then that bit of the story is probably true.This is feeble. After all, alien abductees are often very embarrassed about saying what’s been shoved up them. That’s not a bit they’d choose to include. Should we conclude that bit of their stories is probably true?If this is the best you have for saying it’s not a made up story, I think you are in big trouble.Personally, I don’t say the crucifixion of an historical Jesus is a made up story. I say it’s not unreasonable for me, given the evidence I have seen thus far, to suppose it might be. I see no reason, as yet, to revise that opinion. http://www.stephenlaw.org

  • Stephen, welcome to the blog! I’ll just say for the moment that if I’m in trouble, so are most historians. The “criterion of embarassment” is widely used as a tool for historical investigation, and so your criticism is of historical method in general.AIGBusted (or is there something else you prefer to be called?), I’ll be making the same point that I’m making here in the parallel discussion on an earlier post. I wonder if I can direct the discussion from there to here. I’ll try. At any rate, if you are suggesting that a story about a crucified Messiah was invented based on a non-Jewish parallel, this must have been done within a few years of the time at which Jesus is purported to have died, since Paul is in contact with Christianity (first as an opponent, then as an adherent) from very early. You also have to suggest that this was done in a largely Jewish context, and yet that somehow the message of later Christians, even those like Paul who proclaimed the Christian message to non-Jews, failed to take advantage of the “Jesus is like Dionysius” or “Jesus rose like Tammuz” aspects of their faith, and instead told them to “turn from idols to serve a living and true God”.Why is this supposed to be plausible again?If you’re not advocating the idea that Jesus was pure invention, then we can proceed differently, and once again the criterion of embarrassment can be useful. Not only the crucifixion, but Peter’s denial, Jesus’ baptism by John, and John’s doubts about whether Jesus was the Messiah all are strong candidates for being authentic based on this criterion alone.Other elements can also be included based on other criteria. The use of “Abba” by Paul in his letters to non-Aramaic-speaking Christians suggests that this was an early facet of Christian prayer, and there is no reason to think it doesn’t go back to Jesus himself, given its early attestation and its multiple attestation.

  • sweet dude! great video and nice to finally see ya in person (kinda).interesting that your resistence comes from the “Jesus is a Myth” people. i need to grab your book and check it out,but that will happen once the semester is over, right now it’s all Augustine’s Confessions.

  • BSM

    I think if given just the two choices, it’s more probable that the early Christians did not make up the whole thing. It’s not impossible that they did. However, we are dealing with probability and the available evidence. Bear in mind I’m not talking about a resurrection or missing body which is a different topic. And if you read post-missing body accounts of the crucifixion the early Christians where trying to figure out what had happened to said body.My short two cents. If I get time maybe I’ll make it longer.

  • I really enjoyed this video, since I have been recently exposed to the “Jesus as Myth” idea. I think you could bolster your argument by stating that not only does the Jesus as Myth hypothesis parallel young earth creationism, it also is paralleled by the resurrection hypothesis especially the William Lane Craig variety. Right now, I’m reading through your previous postings to see what you have stated about the resurrection.

  • You mention that historians can’t say anything about the resurrection, but can’t they rely upon science to verify that a resurrection is counter to our understanding of modern biology? I’m not trying to be a gadfly or a troll or anything. I just admire your reliance on science when talking about young earth creationism and I wonder what your opinion is regarding this matter.

  • Jesse, thanks for a great question. I think the same aspects of early Christian claims about Jesus’ resurrection that place it outside of historical study also place it outside of biology’s domain. The early Christians were not simply claiming that Jesus had somehow been resuscitated, or had survived the crucifixion. Their claim was that he entered the resurrection age, the life of the age to come. They differ somewhat on the extent to which that sort of existence is physical, but they seem to agree in believing that Jesus is no longer limited by space and can vanish and reappear at will. It might well be that, if we had a time machine and recording equipment, we might be able to ascertain whether stories like that about the disciples on the road to Emmaus were simply symbolic, or were experiences that were publicly observable to anyone present, or something else. But unless biology can decide the matter of God’s existence, then presumably it can only tell us what normally happens to bodies, and not what might happen through divine intervention.The only place where I see science as relevant to the consideration of miracles in general (obviously it is appropriate to investigate modern claims to miracles using scientific and forensic methods when possible) is inasmuch as science has shown that many aspects of existence that were once thought to involve direct or indirect divine involvement to uphold, maintain or cause them, we now understand that there are natural processes at work. And in the context of the modern scientific worldview, stories about a virginal conception or a resurrection are no longer simply about impressive instances of the same sort of divine involvement that permeates all of life, but stand out as claims to unusual divine interventions that are not normally witnessed. And so it is more than anything else the different worldview that we have today, as a result in part of the natural sciences, that causes many people today (though clearly not all) to view claims about miracles in a very different way from the majority of people in the time and context in which the Biblical texts were written.

  • Thanks for responding to my question.You make a good point when you state that Jesus’ resurrection is separate from a biological resuscitation. After all, he had gaping holes in his body which apparently could be touched and he walked through walls. However, instead of clearing up the problem, from my point of view, that just adds biological impossibility on top of physical impossibility. We would agree that bodies do not function with giant holes where organs should be, and solid flesh cannot pass through solid walls without breaking said walls. Your response to this line of reasoning was:”But unless biology can decide the matter of God’s existence, then presumably it can only tell us what normally happens to bodies, and not what might happen through divine intervention.”According to modern biology, a mind is a product of a physical system called a brain. Since engineers and programmers have not yet formed a computerized mind with silicon and metal, we can safely say that we have never encountered any mind that did not originate in complex organic matter. That rules out an immaterial mind or God until empirical evidence is established that indicates that minds do not have to come from complex arrangements of matter.I do have a few questions about things you said that I don’t quite understand. ” And in the context of the modern scientific worldview, stories about a virginal conception or a resurrection are no longer simply about impressive instances of the same sort of divine involvement that permeates all of life, but stand out as claims to unusual divine interventions that are not normally witnessed.”Part of my confusion probably stems from the fact that I was raised in a fairly fundamentalist Assemblies of God church which preached that all of creation was permeated with constant divine interventions from the creation of the world 6000 years ago to the speaking in tongues and divine healing session last Sunday. After seventeen years of that, I went to school at Oral Roberts University, which is not much of a change of religious scenery. Jesus, his disciples, and Paul all claimed lots of divine manifestations rather than just one or two spectacular miracles. Was there a time period that we must refrain from applying modern scientific knowledge to, or does this continue today?I have one last question, if you have time. I just finished John Loftus’ book “Why I Became an Atheist” and I was somewhat disturbed by his claim that the author of Matthew mistranslated the verse describing the mother of the Messiah as a “virgin.” According to Loftus, it was supposed to be “young woman,” which lends credence to his assertion that the book of Matthew contained fabrications to prove that Jesus was the Messiah, rather than an honest eyewitness recording of events.Is this claim correct, or is it as specious as the “Jesus as Myth” hypothesis?

  • Well, the LXX translated a Hebrew word that means “young woman” with a Greek word that more specifically means “virgin”, so all Matthew did was quote the Greek version. But it is a fair point that the sign that is referred to in Isaiah 7-9 was not a miraculous conception, but that before a particular child would chew solid food and say his first words, the alliance against Judah would be history.Here’s a link to some class notes on the subject from my class on the historical Jesus that go into more detail.

  • Did Sherlock Holmes exist?There are millions of documents about Holmes, within years of the events.There are Sherlock Holmes societies where people meet to discuss the life of Holmes.There is a museum at 221B Baker Street, London, which is where Holmes lived.Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who recorded Holmes stories, was always very careful to explain that there was a real person behind Holmes. This real person is well documented.So if Jesus of the New Testament existed, then Sherlock Holmes did.After all, all you need to exist is to be based, however loosely, on a person who did exist.Which puts Sherlock Holmes and Jesus of the New Testament on the same level.

  • ‘The “criterion of embarassment” is widely used as a tool for historical investigation, and so your criticism is of historical method in general.’Yes, but you do need to show that the author was actually embarrassed by it.Paul was certainly not embarrassed by any crucifixion.On the contrary, it was essential to his theology.

  • McGRATHThe use of “Abba” by Paul in his letters to non-Aramaic-speaking Christians suggests that this was an early facet of Christian prayer, and there is no reason to think it doesn’t go back to Jesus himself, given its early attestation and its multiple attestation.CARRTo translate McGrath’s words into their true meaning, Paul gives not one word suggesting Jesus had ever used such a phrase.Perhaps the Gospel writers put Christian prayers into the mouth of Jesus.After all, they wrote after Paul.Christian logic is A was written after B.So if A mentions something, then B probably got it from A.Real logic is the other way around.

  • Fine, Steven, you’ve almost persuaded me. Just present the evidence that there was a movement centered around Sherlock Holmes within a decade of the invention of stories about him, with people claiming to be related to him and proclaiming his significance for their contemporaries, and you’ll have made your case that there are close parallels very persuasively.

  • But there WERE people claiming to be relatives of the person Sherlock Holmes was based on.So now we know Sherlock Holmes existed, just as the Jesus of the New Testament existed.

  • BTW, why would anybody claim that Holmes took cocaine and opium?By the principle of embarrassment, we know that that must have been a real fact about Holmes, that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle could not get around.

  • If I was still an atheist I would still be hacked off at the Jesus myth thing. They are much like the YECs in many ways, except unlike them they argue from silence almost entirely. But they have a contempt for real scholarship and dismiss it as some kind of “establishment hoax.” I find their whole approach very anti-intellectual.My real objections to the view point have more to do with being a historian than with being a christian. If Jesus didn’t live as a real man in history that would change the trajectory of my faith but it would end it. I would not say “O well there’s no reason to be a Christian now.” As pure symbols the incarnation, crucifixion, resurrection are still power symbols and if understood correctly, they could be life transforming symbols.If the Jesus myth theory were true I cold not go on being a historian. It would mean all the work that all historians have done has been meaningless and we can’t know anything about the past.why? Because the stands they set for knowing amount to seeing it on the six o’clock news. If we don’t’ see Caesar on the six O’clock news we can’t assume there was a Caesar. Everytime you say “here’s an ancient historian who speaks of Jesus” they say “but he wasn’t contemporary.” So in their view it seesm no historian’s word is good for anything.

  • What probably happened was that Judas of Galilee changed his name to Jesus Bar Abbas when he was baptized by John the baptizer in 6 AD. Then he gathered about 3 to 4 thousand followers and defeated the Roman garrison in Jerusalem and cleansed the temple, Maccabees style.For this he probably was later captured and crucified and his followers scattered.The dates in the gospels are all screwed up. John the baptizer was killed in 36 AD, according to history, and Jesus was killed a year or more later. This would make Paul a Christian in Damascus before Jesus even died – that won't work. Therefore, the gospel stories have to be inventions.

  • "According to history"? Care to provide a source, some argument or evidence of any sort?

  • Anonymous

    Re JtB's expiration dateSee Josephus