Three more passages extracted for my notebook from Michael Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006): Seen in this way, are these jihadists of today the direct heirs of the raiders and ghazis of the ‘Abbasid, Ottoman, and other premodern Islamic empires and states? For a number of reasons, the answer seems to be “no.” To begin with, they do not follow the classical rules (ahkam) that prohibit, for instance,... Read more