Perhaps Monet’s most famous paintings are the some 15 paintings he did of the West Facade of Rouen Cathedral. Two of these hang in the National Gallery and they date to 1894. 
You can see how much the picture changes due to the change in the light. Impressionists asked the phenomenological question— Is the color in the lighting, or is it in the object that is lighted, or some of both? By the turn of the 20th century Monet had made enough money painting to go abroad, and so he went to foggy London, a perfect venue for opaque looking paintings. Here’s the House of Parliament. 
Monet complained about painting next to the foggy Thames, but actually it suited his style. This painting was done in 1903.
Degas is primarily famous for his paintings of ballerinas and the ballet. 
This one is called Before the Ballet, and was done in 1894.
Certainly one of my great favorites is Van Gogh, a man who went to seminary, and later ended up in an insane asylum, and famously cut off his own ear. Van Gogh was in fact Dutch, not French, and he only lived until he was 45, dying in 1890. These two lesser known paintings, one of Roses (done in 1890), and one of a rural scene show what motion he puts into his paintings, using swirls and wavy lines.
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