The second half of the book of Proverbs makes quite clear the international character of wisdom literature, and how it was exchanged between countries, or at least between their rulers., for in chapter 30 we have the wisdom of Agur, and in chapter 31 an otherwise unknown king of Massa shows up. What we do know about Solomon’s court is that he did have international relationships (remember the story about the queen of Sheba). That story in 1 Kings 10... Read more
As Robert Alter points out, in Prov. 1-9 wisdom comes in the form of long form poems or didactice discourses, not unlike the discourses in John’s Gospel. By contrast, beginning in Proverbs 10 we have what is called gnomic wisdom– one lines, brief proverbs, enigmatic sayings, not unlike some of Jesus’ famous one liners in the Synoptic Gospels. All four Gospels portray Jesus as a sage, but the Johannine portrait is more like Prov. 1-9, and the Synoptic sort with... Read more
The Woman Wisdom poem in Prov. 8 takes an unexpected turn at the end where we hear: “And I was by him, an intimate, I was his delight day after day, playing before him at all times, playing in the world, His earth, And my delight [was] with humankind…. For who finds me, has found life, and will be favored by the Lord. And who offends me lays waste his life, all who hate me love death.” (this is Robert... Read more
Dr Witherington will be away from his blog from May 23rd to June 9th in Italy and Turkey, and will return to his series on Wisdom literature on June 9th. Read more
The Mission Impossible films came long after the TV program of the same name had primed the pump between 1966 and 1973. It was popular, but like various movie franchises, they began life either as TV shows, or as comic books, or both actually (for instance in the case of Superman). As for this episode, it was not as fitting an ending as the end of the James Bond films involving Daniel Craig, with Tom Cruise refusing to die, and... Read more
One of the best and most interesting translations of the Wisdom Literature is Robert Alter’s. As he points out, because maxims and proverbs are a compact form of wisdom, in the Hebrew it may amount to very few words, which when translating necessarily involves some interpretation, as we shall see. Wisdom literature was common in the ANE, and indeed, if you look at the end of the book of Proverbs there is incorporated wisdom from various foreign sources, including from... Read more
Some of the most neglected literature in all of Scripture is Wisdom literature, which includes Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Job in the canon and later Sirach and Wisdom of Solomon, all of which influenced the teaching of Jesus and Paul. In this post I want to talk generally about the nature of this literature, and then we will work through some samples from Proverbs and Ecclesiastes. Speaking generally, wisdom literature in the Jewish tradition involved sages studying the behavior of humans,... Read more
1.READING OLD TESTAMENT TEXTS AS IF THEY WERE NT TEXTS. TO GIVE BUT TWO EXAMPLES, THE ‘ANGEL OF THE LORD’ WAS NOT CHRIST SHOWING UP IN OT SALVATION HISTORY. WHY NOT? FOR STARTERS, THE SON OF GOD WAS IN A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT ONTOLOGICAL CATEGORY THAN ANGELS, AS HEBREWS 1 MAKES PERFECTLY CLEAR. FOR ANOTHER THING, OT INDIVIDUALS SHOULD NOT BE EVALUATED ON THE BASIS OF CHRISTIAN CHARACTER STANDARDS. ABRAHAM, ISAAC, JACOB, DAVID, SOLOMON ARE NOT CHRISTIANS BEFORE THEIR TIME.... Read more
A very good illustration of the value of this series is James Harrison’s discussion of the phrase ‘friend of Caesar’ (pp. 157ff in Vol. 11a). It will be recalled that this phrase comes up in John 19.12. And it is this threat– to go to the Emperor and tell him of how uncooperative Pilate was in the Jesus of Nazareth matter, which would have led to Pilate no longer being in the Emperor’s good graces (having already irritated Tiberius by... Read more
There are few series in Biblical Studies that have gone through a more interesting pilgrimage than the New Documents series. It began as just a project of the Ancient History department of Macquarrie University in Sydney with Greg Horsley overseeing the first five volumes, and Stephen Llewelyn shepherding the second five volumes. The goal was to relate recently discovered manuscripts, ostraca, and inscriptions to the New Testament in some meaningful way. Vols. 1-5 focused on philology, Vol. 6-10 on social... Read more
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