What Is “Anti-Semitism” and What Does it Have to Do with Critics of Israel?

What Is “Anti-Semitism” and What Does It Have to Do with Critics of Israel?

According to a recent Associated Press release (published in my local newspaper December 12, 2019 and written by AP reporter Kevin Freking) President Trump has signed an executive order requiring colleges and universities to combat anti-Semitism on their campuses or risk losing federal aid. This was followed by a column put out by InsideSources (also published in my local newspaper) by Ariel Sobel of the J’accuse Coalition for Justice, “a think tank dedicated to combating anti-Semitism, anti-Zionism and anti-Israel bias.” Sobel strongly defended the executive order against critics.

Why would there be critics of the executive order? The simple answer is that “anti-Semitism” itself has become an essentially contested concept. Does it include criticism of the government of Israel and its treatment of Palestinians? According to some Jews and Christians it does. I know such people personally.

For example, according to the AP news release and article, the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) considers criticism of Israel anti-Semitic. Also according to the news release, the president’s executive order uses the IHRA’s definition of anti-Semitism. Sobel’s column, however, states that the U.S. State Department’s definition of anti-Semitism “in no way condemns all criticism of Israel.”

It seems that Sobel, in defending the executive order, which will affect academic freedom on college and university campuses, conveniently overlooks what was clearly stated in the AP article—that it is the IHRA’s definition of anti-Semitism the order uses.

*Sidebar: The opinions expressed here are my own (or those of the guest writer); I do not speak for any other person, group or organization; nor do I imply that the opinions expressed here reflect those of any other person, group or organization unless I say so specifically. Before commenting read the entire post and the “Note to commenters” at its end.*

Let me be clear. I grew up in a church and home that was saturated with love of Jews and of the state of Israel (“Christian Zionism”). Although no doubt some would consider us anti-Semitic only because we believed Jesus to be the messiah, in practice we loved Jews and supported their causes including the Jewish state of Israel as the Jewish homeland, the modern “promised land.” This strongly pro-Jewish Christian Zionism is little known to most people, but the AP article mentions it as one possible reason for the executive order: “Trump has sought to align himself with Israel, a move that appeals to many evangelical voters.”

I remain a strong supporter of Jewish self-determination and freedom from true anti-Semitism. And I remain a strong supporter of the (Jewish) State of Israel. However, I insist on the freedom to criticize acts of the government of Israel without being accused of anti-Semitism. In fact, I believe the equation of criticism of the government of Israel with anti-Semitism is absurd.

Let me explain. There is a difference between a “state” and its “government.” In Israel, as in many nation states, the head of state is the president whereas the head of government is the prime minister. Many people simply cannot grasp the difference between “state” and “government.” A state endures through changes of government. Here in the United States this gets overlooked partly because our head of state and head of government is one person—the president. But in many countries the head of state is a monarch or president and the head of government is a prime minister. The prime minister is usually the person selected by his or her political party to become prime minister when it wins a majority in a national parliamentary election. Prime ministers and governments (party or coalition in power) come and go; the state endures.

What’s the point of this? Simply this: Criticism of a government is not automatically criticism of the state. That means that one can criticize the government of Israel (or any nation) without criticizing the state. The IHRA’s definition of anti-Semitism at least opens the door, perhaps unintentionally, to confusing criticism of the government of Israel with anti-Semitism. That is absurd as many Jews both inside and outside Israel criticize a particular government of that state without in any way intending to criticize the state of Israel. But the executive order opens the door to punishment of academics and their institutions if they criticize or permit criticism of the government of Israel!

I reserve the right, even demand the right, to criticize a government of Israel without being accused of anti-Semitism. I have personally known Jewish academics (and others) who passionately criticized some policies of the government of Israel toward Palestinians while passionately defending the (Jewish) state of Israel.

The executive order, whether intended to or not, will inevitably result in a chill over academic freedom on American campuses. Almost nothing frightens colleges and universities more than the specter of losing federal financial aid which includes federally guaranteed and subsidized student loans.

A few years ago I attended a Holocaust Remembrance conference on an American Christian seminary campus. One of the plenary speakers, a faculty members of the seminary, argued that there have been many holocausts throughout history which should not be forgotten just because the Holocaust in Europe in the 1930s and 1940s is the worst. A woman speaker interrupted him and accused him of being a Holocaust denier and of being anti-Semitic—solely for making that statement. While I think his statement was probably out of place in that particular context, his claim was certainly not denial of “the Holocaust” or anti-Semitic.

There are many Jews and Christians in America (and elsewhere) who consider any disagreement with their particular Zionist views or views of the Holocaust (for example as absolutely unique) anti-Semitism. This executive order threatens to elevate that to the force of civil law.

I remain a Christian Zionist and very pro-Jewish in my sentiments, for biblical and political reasons. However, I adamantly insist on my right, and others’ right, to criticize the government of Israel without being accused of anti-Semitism and without my academic institution being threatened with sanctions by our federal government which should protect all civil expressions of opinion as a basic human (and constitutional) right.

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