UPDATE – Andrew Cottingham has posted on how critical this all is to him The answer to the question “Are you saying that Penal Substitution is the only thing that happened at the cross?” is a definite no. Whilst the concepts of sin, guilt, and punishment are indeed fundamental to what happened at the cross, the full picture of the atonement is much richer than that. Sadly in the current debate, some have aggressively denied that Penal Substitution (PSA) has... Read more